☀️ सूर्यसिद्धान्त — The Sūrya Siddhānta
acintyāvyaktarūpāya nirguṇāya guṇātmane / samastajagadādhāramūrtaye brahmaṇe namaḥ //
I.1: homage to Brahman, of form unthinkable and unmanifest, without qualities and the self of the qualities, the support of the whole world.
The text revealed to Maya by the Sun at the end of the Golden Age (I.2-9): fourteen chapters, five hundred verses. Every computation on Vidhyamitra (the sky, the pañcāṅga, sunrise, the Moon's rising, the ayanāṃśa) is this text's own rule, computed. The ledger below shows, verse by verse, what each verse states and how it is computed.
| Verses | 500: 362 computed, 20 data, 118 descriptive, 0 pending |
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The fourteen chapters
Today by the text: 2026-10-05, apparent noon at Ujjayinī
Every value below is computed from the Sūrya Siddhānta's own rules (Burgess's text, no bīja), at Ujjayinī on the text's prime meridian (I.62). Nothing modern enters. Where the text and the observed sky differ, the text is what is shown.
| Days since creation (I.45-51) | 7,14,40,41,69,480.5 · since the Kali Age began: 18,72,853 |
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| Lords of the day, month, year (I.51-52) | Moon · Moon · Sun |
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| Jupiter's year of sixty (I.55) | 28. Raudra |
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| Brahmā, Manu and Age (I.14-24) | Brahmā in year 51 of 100 · Manu 7, Vaivasvata · Age 28 of 71 · Kali, year 5127 (dawn (sandhya)) |
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| Sunrise and sunset (II.59-63) | 2026-10-05 06:25 IST · 2026-10-05 18:11 IST · day 29 ghaṭī 29 pala, night 30 ghaṭī 39 pala |
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| Pañcāṅga (II.64-69) | kṛṣṇa 10 · Puṣya · yoga Śiva · karaṇa Vaṇij |
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| Ayanāṃśa (III.9-10) | 22.9121° |
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| Noon shadow of the 12-digit gnomon (III.21) | 6.18 digits, pointing north |
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| Ascendant at noon (III.46-48) | Dhanu 7.6° |
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| Next lunar eclipse (IV) | 2027-02-21 05:14 IST, partial |
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| Next solar eclipse at Ujjayinī (V) | 2027-08-02 17:26 IST, total |
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| The Moon this evening (X.2-5) | moonrise after sunset: 18.8 ghaṭī |
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| Next pāta (XI) | Vaidhṛta, middle 2026-10-08 12:23 IST |
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| Solar time (XIV.3-10) | season śarad · southern (dakshinayana) |
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| Lunar month (XIV.15-16) | Bhādrapada, named from the asterism of the nearest full moon |
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The planets (I.53-54 mean, II.39-45 true)
| Graha | mean · true · daily motion · declination |
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| Sun | Kanyā 19°22′ · Kanyā 17°12′ · 59.2′ · -4.09° |
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| Moon | Karka 7°14′ · Karka 9°14′ · 853.8′ · 22.24° |
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| Mars | Vṛṣabha 21°31′ · Karka 8°27′ · 27.9′ · 20.84° |
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| Mercury | Karka 17°16′ · Tulā 13°21′ · 56.2′ · -15.82° |
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| Jupiter | Mīna 16°55′ · Siṃha 0°14′ · 10.5′ · 14.57° |
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| Venus | Kumbha 7°12′ · Kanyā 23°20′ (retrograde) · -38.4′ · -13.59° |
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| Saturn | Siṃha 7°12′ · Mīna 8°23′ (retrograde) · -4.8′ · -1.39° |
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| Rāhu (ascending node) | — · Kumbha 7°12′ · — · — |
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| Ketu | — · Siṃha 7°12′ · — · — |
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Mean Mercury and Venus are the mean Sun (I.29-34): the text gives them their own śīghra apex instead.
Heliacal state of the five (IX.1-11)
| Mars | 76.7° of time from the Sun (limit 17) · visible · east rising past in about 107 days |
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| Mercury | 19.2° of time from the Sun (limit 14) · visible · west setting to come in about 92 days |
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| Jupiter | 51.9° of time from the Sun (limit 11) · visible · east rising past in about 46 days |
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| Venus | 0.3° of time from the Sun (limit 8) · in the Sun's rays · west setting past in about 6 days |
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| Saturn | 173.7° of time from the Sun (limit 15) · visible · west setting to come in about 190 days |
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Sanskrit: Michio Yano's e-text, GRETIL, SUB Göttingen (version 2020-07-31) (source); editions: B: Hall, Bibliotheca Indica 79, Calcutta 1854; C: Kāśī Saṃskṛta Granthamālā 144, 4th ed. 1987; D: with Sudhākara Dvivedī's commentary, 1987. Variants in ( ) after a word marked *. Licence: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0); shared here unaltered except for layout and one correction: The e-text labels the second half of II.34 "3.34b"; it is placed under II.34 here.Chapter titles, verse numbers and the ledger follow E. Burgess, Translation of the Sûrya-Siddhânta (JAOS 6, 1860).