🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 4.1
Chapter 4 · ज्ञानकर्मसंन्यासयोग · Jñāna-Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga · "The Yoga of Knowledge & Action-Renunciation" · Verse 1 of 42
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
4.1 "Lord Shri Krishna said: This imperishable philosophy I taught to Viwaswana, the founder of the Sun dynasty, Viwaswana gave it to Manu the lawgiver, and Manu to King Ikshwaku!
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
4.1 The Blessed Lord said I taught this imperishable Yoga to Vivasvan; he told it to Manu; Manu proclaimed it to Ikshvaku.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
4.1 In the beginning of creation, with a veiw to infusing vigour into the Ksatriyas who are the protectors of the world, aham, I; proktavan, imparted; imam, this; avyayam, imperishable; yogam, Yoga, presented in the (preceding) two chapters; vivasvate, to Vivasvan, the Sun. Being endowed with this power of Yoga, they would be able to protect the Brahmana caste. The protection of the world becomes ensured when the Brahmanas and the Ksatriyas are protected.
It (this Yoga) is avyayam, imperishable, because its result is undecaying. For, the result-called Liberation-of this (Yoga), which is characterized by steadfastness in perfect Illumination, does not decay. And he, Vivasvan, praha, taught (this); manave, to Manu. Manu abravit, transmitted (this); iksvakave, to Iksvaku, his own son who was the first king. [First king of the Iksvaku dynasty, otherwise known as the Solar dynasty.]
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
4.1 - 4.2 The Lord said This Karma Yoga declared to you should not be considered as having been taught now merely, for creating encouragement in you for war. I Myself had taught this Yoga to Vivasvan at the commencement of Manu's age as a means for all beings to attain release, which is man's supreme end. Vivasvan taught it to Manu, and Manu to Iksvaku. The royal sages of old knew this Yoga transmitted by tradition. Because of long lapse of time and because of the dullness of the intellect of those who heard it, it has been almost lost.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
4.1. The Bhagavat said This changeless Yoga I had properly taught thus to Vivasvat; Vivasvat correctly told it ot Manu; and Manu declared to Iksvaku.
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
4.1 इमम् this? विवस्वते to Vivasvan? योगम् Yoga? प्रोक्तवान् taught? अहम् I? अव्ययम् imperishable? विवस्वान् Vivasvan? मनवे to Manu? प्राह taught? मनुः Manu? इक्ष्वाकवे to Ikshvaku? अब्रवीत् taught.Commentary Vivasvan means the sun. Ikshvaku was the son of Manu. Ikshvaku was the reputed ancestor of the solar dynasty of Kshatriyas.This Yoga is said to be imperishable because the result or fruit? i.e.? Moksha? that can be attained through it is imperishable.If the rulers of dominions possess a knowledge of the Yoga taught by Me in the preceding two discourses? they can protect the Brahmanas and rule their kingdom with justice. So I taught this Yoga to the Sungod in the beginning of evolution.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
4.1 In the beginning of creation, with a veiw to infusing vigour into the Ksatriyas who are the protectors of the world, aham, I; proktavan, imparted; imam, this; avyayam, imperishable; yogam, Yoga, presented in the (preceding) two chapters; vivasvate, to Vivasvan, the Sun. Being endowed with this power of Yoga, they would be able to protect the Brahmana caste. The protection of the world becomes ensured when the Brahmanas and the Ksatriyas are protected.
It (this Yoga) is avyayam, imperishable, because its result is undecaying. For, the result-called Liberation-of this (Yoga), which is characterized by steadfastness in perfect Illumination, does not decay. And he, Vivasvan, praha, taught (this); manave, to Manu. Manu abravit, transmitted (this); iksvakave, to Iksvaku, his own son who was the first king. [First king of the Iksvaku dynasty, otherwise known as the Solar dynasty.]
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
4.1 - 4.2 The Lord said This Karma Yoga declared to you should not be considered as having been taught now merely, for creating encouragement in you for war. I Myself had taught this Yoga to Vivasvan at the commencement of Manu's age as a means for all beings to attain release, which is man's supreme end. Vivasvan taught it to Manu, and Manu to Iksvaku. The royal sages of old knew this Yoga transmitted by tradition. Because of long lapse of time and because of the dullness of the intellect of those who heard it, it has been almost lost.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
4.1 See Comment under 4.3
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।4.1।। जैसा कि इस अध्याय की प्रस्तावना में कहा गया है भगवान् यहाँ स्पष्ट करते हैं कि अब तक उनके द्वारा दिया गया उपदेश नवीन न होकर सनातन वेदों में प्रतिपादित ज्ञान की ही पुर्नव्याख्या है। स्वस्वरूप की स्मृति से स्फूर्त होकर भगवान् घोषणा करते हैं कि उन्होंने ही सृष्टि के प्रारम्भ में इस ज्ञान का उपदेश सूर्य देवता (विवस्वान्) को दिया था। विवस्वान् ने अपने पुत्र मनु जो भारत के प्राचीन स्मृतिकार हुए को यह ज्ञान सिखाया। मनु ने इसका उपदेश राजा इक्ष्वाकु को दिया जो सूर्यवंश के पूर्वज थे। इस वंश के राजाओं ने दीर्घकाल तक अयोध्या पर शासन किया।वेद शब्द संस्कृत के विद् धातु से बना है जिसका अर्थ है जानना। अत वेद का अर्थ है ज्ञान अथवा ज्ञान का साधन (प्रमाण)। वेदों का प्रतिपाद्य विषय है जीव के शुद्ध ज्ञान स्वरूप तथा उसकी अभिव्यक्ति के साधनों का बोध।जैसे हम विद्युत् को नित्य कह सकते हैं क्योंकि उसके प्रथम बार आविष्कृत होने के पूर्व भी वह थी और यदि हमें उसका विस्मरण भी हो जाता है तब भी विद्युत् शक्ति का अस्तित्व बना रहेगा इसी प्रकार हमारे नहीं जानने से दिव्य चैतन्य स्वरूप आत्मा का नाश नहीं होता। इस अविनाशी आत्मा का ज्ञान वास्तव में अव्यय है।आधुनिक विज्ञान भी यह स्वीकार करता है कि विश्व का निर्माण सूर्य के साथ प्रारम्भ होना चाहिये। शक्ति के स्रोत के रूप में सर्वप्रथम सूर्य की उत्पत्ति हुई और उसकी उत्पत्ति के साथ ही यह महान् आत्मज्ञान विश्व को दिया गया।वेदों का विषय आत्मानुभूति होने के कारण वाणी उसका वर्णन करने में सर्वथा असमर्थ है। कोई भी गम्भीर अनुभव शब्दों के द्वारा व्यक्त नहीं किया जा सकता। अत स्वयं की बुद्धि से ही शास्त्रों का अध्ययन करने से उनका सम्यक् ज्ञान तो दूर रहा विपरीत ज्ञान होने की ही सम्भावना अधिक रहती है। इसलिये भारत में यह प्राचीन परम्परा रही है कि अध्यात्म ज्ञान के उपदेश को आत्मानुभव में स्थित गुरु के मुख से ही श्रवण किया जाता है। गुरुशिष्य परम्परा से यह ज्ञान दिया जाता रहा है। यहाँ इस ब्रह्मविद्या के पूर्वकाल के विद्यार्थियों का परिचय कराया गया है।
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 1 of 42 in Chapter 4 · Jñāna-Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga (The Yoga of Knowledge & Action-Renunciation)
- Chapter theme: Daśāvatāra · 12 yajñas · yadā yadā hi dharmasya (BG 4.7)
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /jnana-karma
🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)