Chapter 12: Cosmogony, geography, dimensions of the creation

12.1-29 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

Maya's questions; the creation: Vasudeva, the golden egg, the Sun, Brahma, the elements, the Brahma-egg

1. athārkāṃśasamudbhūtaṃ praṇipatya kṛtāñjalih/
bhaktyā paramayābhyarcya papracchedaṃ mayāsurah//

2. bhagavan kimpramāṇā bhūh kim ākārā kim āśrayā/
kiṃvibhāgā kathaṃ cātra saptapātālabhūmayah//

3. ahorātravyavasthāṃ ca vidadhāti kathaṃ ravih/
kathaṃ paryeti vasudhāṃ bhuvanāni vibhāvayan//

4. devāsurāṇām anyonyam ahorātraṃ viparyayāt/
kim atha tat kathaṃ vā syād bhānor bhagaṇapūraṇāt//

5. pitryaṃ māsena bhavati nāḍīṣaṣṭyā tu mānuṣam/
tad eva kila sarvatra na bhavet kena hetunā//

6. dinābdamāsahorāṇām adhipā na samāh kutah/
kathaṃ paryeti bhagaṇah sagraho +ayaṃ kim āśrayah//

7. bhūmer uparyuparyūrdhvāh kim utsedhāh kim antarāh/
graharkṣakakṣāh kiṃmātrāh sthitāh kena krameṇa tāh//

8. grīṣme tīvrakaro bhānur na hemante tathāvidhah/
kiyatī tatkaraprāptir mānāni kati kiṃ ca taih//

9. evaṃ me saṃśayaṃ chindhi bhagavan bhūtabhāvana/
anyo na tvām ṛte chettā vidyate sarvadarśivān//

10. iti bhaktyoditaṃ śrutvā mayoktaṃ vākyam asya hi/
rahasyaṃ param adhyāyaṃ tatah prāha punah sa tam//

11. śṛṇuṣvaikamanā bhūtvā guhyam adhyātma saṃjñitam/
pravakṣyāmy atibhaktānāṃ nādeyaṃ vidyate mama//

12. vāsudevah paraṃ brahma tanmūrtih puruṣah parah/
avyakto nirguṇah śāntah pañcaviṃśāt paro +avyayah//

13. prakṛtyantargato devo bahir antaś ca sarvagah/
saṅkarṣaṇo +apah sṛṣṭvādau tāsu vīryam avāsṛjat//

14. tadaṇḍam abhavad dhaimaṃ sarvatra tamasāvṛtam/
tatrāniruddhah prathamaṃ vyaktībhūtah sanātanah//

15. hiraṇyagarbho bhagavān eṣa chandasi paṭhyate/
ādityo hy ādibhūtatvāt prasūtyā sūrya ucyate//

16. paraṃ jyotis tamah pāre sūryo +ayaṃ saviteti ca/
paryeti bhuvanān eṣa bhāvayan bhūtabhāvanah//

17. prakāśātmā tamohantā mahān ity eṣa viśrutah/
ṛco +asya maṇḍalaṃ sāmānyustrāmūrtir yajūṃṣi ca//

18. trayīmaho +ayaṃ bhagavāṇ kālātmā kālakṛd vibhuh/
sarvātmā sarvagah sūkṣmah sarvam asmin pratiṣṭhitam//

19. rathe viśvamaye cakraṃ kṛtvā saṃvatsarātmakam/
chandāṃsy aśvāh sapta yuktāh paryaṭaty eṣa sarvadā//

20. tripādam amṛtaṃ guhyaṃ pādo +ayaṃ prakaṭo +abhavat/
so +ahaṅkāraṃ jagatsṛṣṭyai brahmāṇam asṛjat prabhuh//

21. tasmai vedān varān dattvā sarvalokapitāmaham/
pratiṣṭhāpyāṇḍamadhye +atha svayaṃ paryeti bhāvayan//

22. atha sṛṣṭyāṃ manaś cakre brahmāhaṅkāramūrtibhṛt/
manasaś candramā jajñe sūryo +akṣṇos tejasāṃ nidhih//

23. manasah khaṃ tato vāyur agnir āpo dharā kramāt/
guṇaikavṛddhyā pañcaiva mahābhūtāni jajñire//

24. agnīṣomau bhānucandrau tatas tv aṅgārakādayah/
tejobhūkhāmbuvātebhyah kramaśah pañca jajñire//

25. punar dvādaśadhātmānaṃ vyabhajad rāśisañjñakam/
nakṣatrarūpiṇaṃ bhūyah saptaviṃśātmakaṃ vaśī//

26. tataś carācaraṃ viśvaṃ nirmame devapūrvakam/
ūrdhvamadhyādharebhyo +atha srotobhyah prakṛtīh sṛjan//

27. guṇakarmavibhāgena sṛṣṭvā prāgvad anukramāt/
vibhāgaṃ kalpayāmāsa yathāsvaṃ vedadarśanāt//

28. grahanakṣatratārānāṃ bhūmer viśvasya vā vibhuh/
devāsuramanuṣyāṇāṃ siddhānāṃ ca yathākramam//

29. brahmāṇḍam etat suṣiraṃ tatredaṃ bhūrbhuvādikam/
kaṭāhadvitayasyeva sampuṭaṃ golakākṛti//

12.30-31 · data (a constant used)

the orbit of the ether; the planets in order below the asterisms

30. brahmāṇḍamadhye paridhir vyomakakṣābhidhīyate/
tanmadhye bhramaṇaṃ bhānām adho +adhah kramaśas tathā//

31. mandāmarejyabhūputrasūryaśukrendujendavah/
paribhramanty adho+adhahsthāh siddhhavidyādharā ghanāh//

Computed by: CONSTANTS.PLANETARY_ORDER

12.32-36 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

the earth in the midst of the egg; the netherworlds; Meru; the ocean

32. madhye samantād aṇḍasya bhūgolo vyomni tiṣṭhati/
bibhrānah paramāṃ śaktiṃ brahmaṇo dhāraṇātmakām//

33. tadantarapuṭāh sapta nāgāsurasamāśrayāh/
divyauṣadhirasopetā ramyāh pātālabhūmayah//

34. anekaratnanicayo jāmbūnadamayo girih/
bhūgolamadhyago merur ubhayatra vinirgatah//

35. upariṣṭāt sthitās tasya sendrā devā maharṣayah/
adhastād asurās tadvad dviṣanto +anyonyam āśritāh//

36. tatah samantāt paridhih krameṇāyaṃ mahārṇavah/
mekhaleva sthito dhātryā devāsuravibhāgakṛt//

12.37-41 · data (a constant used)

the four cities a quadrant apart on the equator; Meru a quadrant north

37. samantān merumadhyāt tu tulyabhāgeṣu toyadheh/
dvīpiṣu dikṣu pūrvādinagaryo devanirmitāh//

38. bhūvṛttapāde pūrvasyāṃ yamakoṭīti viśrutā/
bhadrāśvavarṣe nagarī svarṇaprākāratoraṇā//

39. yāmyāyāṃ bhārate varṣe laṅkā tadvan mahāpurī/
paścime ketumālākhye romakākhyā prakīrtitā//

40. udak siddhapurī nāma kuruvarṣe prakīrtitā/
tasyāṃ siddhā mahātmāno nivasanti gatavyathāh//

41. bhūvṛttapādavivarās tāś cānyonyaṃ pratiṣṭhitāh/
tābhyaś cottarago merus tāvān eva surāśrayah//

Computed by: CONSTANTS.CARDINAL_CITIES

12.42-44 · computed

no equinoctial shadow or elevation of the pole on the equator; latitude ninety at Meru

42. tāsām uparigo yāti viṣuvastho divākarah/
na tāsu viṣuvacchāyā nākṣasyonnatir iṣyate//

43. meror ubhayato madhye dhruvatāre nabhah sthite/
nirakṣadeśasaṃsthānām ubhaye kṣitijāśraye//

44. ato nākṣatrocchrayas tāsu dhruvayoh kṣitijasthayoh/
navatir lambakāṃśās tu merāvakṣāṃśakās tathā/

Computed by: equinoctialShadowlatitudeFromEquinoctialShadow

12.45 · computed

the Sun visible to the gods in the half from Aries, to the demons in that from Libra

45. meṣādau devabhāgasthe devānāṃ yāti darśanam/
asurāṇāṃ tulādau tu sūryas tadbhāgasañcarah//

Computed by: sunAtMeru

12.46 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

why the rays are hot in summer

46. atyāsannatayā tena grīṣme tīvrakarā raveh/
devabhāge surāṇāṃ tu hemante mandatānyathā//

12.47-51 · computed

the equinox on the horizon at Meru; the halves of the gods' and demons' day; their mid-day and midnight

47. devāsurā viṣuvati kṣitijasthaṃ divākaram/
paśyanty anyonyam eteṣāṃ vāmasavye dinakṣape//

48. meṣādāv uditah sūryas trīn rāśīn udaguttaram/
sañcaran prāgaharmadhyaṃ pūrayen meruvāsinām//

49. *karkyādīn sañcaraṃś tadvad ahnah paścārdham eva sah/(c karkādīn)
tulādīṃs trīn mṛgādīṃś ca tadvad eva suradviṣām//

50. ato dinakṣape teṣām anyonyaṃ hi viparyayāt/
ahorātrapramāṇaṃ ca bhānor bhagaṇapūraṇāt//

51. dinakṣapārdham eteṣām ayanānte viparyayāt/
uparyātmānam anyonyaṃ kalpayanti surāsurāh//

Computed by: sunAtMeru

12.52-55 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

each thinks himself uppermost; the earth seen as a wheel; the turning of the sphere

52. anye +api samasūtrasthā manyante +adhah parasparam/
bhadrāśvaketumālasthā laṅkāsiddhapurāśritāh//

53. sarvatraiva mahīgole svasthānam upari sthitam/
manyante khe yato golas tasya kvordhavaṃ kva vādhah//

54. alpakāyatayā lokāh svasthānāt sarvato mukham/
paśyanti vṛttām apy etāṃ cakrākārāṃ vasundharām//

55. savyaṃ bhramati devānām apasavyaṃ suradviṣām/
upariṣṭād bhagolo +ayaṃ vyakṣe paścān mukhah sadā//

12.56-58 · computed

thirty nadis on the equator; the excess and deficiency of day and night elsewhere

56. atas tatra dinaṃ triṃśannāḍikaṃ śarvadī tathā/
hānivṛddhī sadā vāmaṃ surāsuravibhāgayoh//

57. meṣādau tu sadā vṛddhir udaguttarato +adhikā/
devāṃśe ca kṣapāhānir viparītaṃ tathāsure//

58. tulādau dyuniśor vāmaṃ kṣayavṛddhī tayor ubhe/
deśakrāntivaśān nityaṃ tadvijñānaṃ puroditam//

Computed by: ascensionalDifferencedayAndNight

12.59-61 · computed

where the Sun passes overhead; where the day of sixty nadis occurs

59. bhūvṛttaṃ krāntibhāgaghnaṃ bhagaṇāṃśavibhājitam/
avāptayojanair arko vyakṣād yāty uparisthitah//

60. paramāpakramād evaṃ yojanāni viśodhayet/
bhūvṛttapādāc cheṣāṇi yāni syur yojanāni taih//

61. ayanānte vilomena devāsuravibhāgayoh/
nāḍīṣaṣṭyā sakṛd aharniśāpy asmin sakṛt tathā//

Computed by: zonesOfTheEarth

12.62 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

beyond, the sphere revolves perversely

62. tadantare +api ṣaṣṭyante kṣayavṛddhī aharniśoh/
parato viparīto +ayaṃ bhagolah parivartate//

12.63-68 · computed

where the Sun is unseen for two and for four signs; at Meru one rising; the zone of a fifteenth

63. ūne bhūvṛttapāde tu dvijyāpakramayojanaih/
dhanur mṛgasthah savitā devabhāge na dṛśyate//

64. tathā cāsurabhāge tu mithune karkaṭe sthitah/
naṣṭacchāyā mahīvṛttapāde darśanam ādiśet//

65. ekajyāpakramānītair yojanaih parivarjite/
bhūmikakṣācaturthāṃśe vyakṣāc cheṣais tu yojanaih//

66. dhanur mṛgālikumbheṣu saṃsthito +arko na dṛśyate/
devabhāge +asurāṇāṃ tu vṛṣādye bhacatuṣṭaye//

67. merau *meṣādicakrārdhe devāh paśyanti bhāskaram/(ḍ -cakārdhe)
sakṛd evoditaṃ tadvad asurāś ca tulādigam//

68. bhūmaṇḍalāt pañcadaśe bhāge deve +atha vāsure/
upariṣṭād vrajaty arkah saumyayāmyāyanāntagah//

Computed by: zonesOfTheEarthsunAtMeru

12.69 · computed

the noon shadow falls either way within the zone, toward the pole beyond

69. tadantarālayoś cchāyā yāmyodak sambhavaty api/
meror abhimukhaṃ yāti paratah svavibhāgayoh//

Computed by: noonShadow

12.70-71 · computed

noon, sunrise, midnight and sunset at the four cities

70. bhadrāśvoparigah kuryād bhārate tūdayaṃ ravih/
rātryardhaṃ ketumāle tu kurāv astamayaṃ tadā//

71. bhāratādiṣu varṣeṣu tadvad eva paribhraman/
madhyodayārdharātryastakālān kuryāt pradakṣiṇam//

Computed by: cardinalCityHours

12.72-74 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

the pole rises toward Meru; the provector winds; the days of gods, Fathers and men

72. dhruvonnatir bhacakrasya natir meruṃ prayāsyatah/
nirakṣābhimukhaṃ yātur viparīte natonnate//

73. bhacakraṃ dhruvayor baddham ākṣiptaṃ pravahānilaih/
paryety ajasraṃ tannaddhā grahakakṣā yathākramam//

74. sakṛd udgatam abdārdhaṃ paśyanty arkaṃ surāsurāh/
pitarah śaśigāh pakṣaṃ svadinaṃ ca narā bhuvi//

12.75-77 · computed

larger orbits have larger degrees and fewer revolutions

75. *upariṣṭasya mahatī kakṣālpādhahsthitasya ca/(c upariṣṭhasya)
mahatyā kakṣayā bhāgā mahānto +alpās tathālpayā//

76. kālenālpena bhagaṇaṃ bhuṅkte +alpabhramaṇāśritah/
grahah kālena mahatā maṇḍale mahati bhraman//

77. svalpayāto bahūn bhuṅkte bhagaṇān śītadīdhitih/
mahatyā kakṣayā gacchan tatah svalpaṃ śanaiścarah//

Computed by: orbit

12.78-79 · computed

regents of days, years, months and hours in planetary order

78. mandād adhah krameṇa syuś caturthā divasādhipāh/
varṣādhipatayas tadvat tṛtīyāś ca prakīrtitāh//

79. ūrdhvakrameṇa śaśino *māsānām adhipāh smṛtāh/(ḍ masānām)
horeśāh sūryatanayād adho+adhah kramaśas tathā//

Computed by: regentSequence

12.80-90 · computed

orbits of the planets, asterisms and ether; daily motion in yojanas; diameters and distances

80. bhaved bhakakṣā tīkṣṇāṃśor bhramaṇaṃ ṣaṣṭitāḍitam/
sarvopariṣṭād bhramati yojanais tair bhamaṇḍalam//

81. kalpoktacandrabhagaṇā guṇitāh śaśikakṣayā/
ākāśakakṣā sā jñeyā karavyāptis tathā raveh//

82. saiva yatkalpabhagaṇair bhaktā tadbhramaṇaṃ bhavet/
kuvāsarair vibhajyāhnah sarveṣāṃ prāggatih smṛtā//

83. bhuktiyojanajā saṅkhyā sendor bhramaṇasaṅguṇā/
svakakṣāptā tu sā tasya tithyāptā gatiliptikā//

84. kakṣā bhūkarṇaguṇitā mahīmaṇḍalabhājitā/
tatkarṇā bhūmikarṇonā grahoccyaṃ svaṃ dalīkṛtāh//

85. khatrayābdhidvidahanāh kakṣā tu himadīdhiteh/(32430
jñaśīghrasyāṅkakhadvitritkṛtaśūnyendavas tathā//(1043209)

86. śukraśīghrasya saptāgnirasābdhirasaṣaḍyamāh/(2664637)
tato +arkabudhaśukrāṇāṃ khakhārthaikasurārṇavāh//(4331500)

87. kujasyāpy aṅkaśūnyāṅkaṣaḍvedaikabhujaṅgamāh/(8146909)
candroccasya kṛtāṣṭābdhivasudvitryaṣṭavahnayah//(38328484)

88. kṛtartumunipañcādriguṇenduviṣayā guroh/(51375764)
svarbhānor vedatarkāṣṭadviśailārthakhakuñjarāh//(80572864)

89. pañcavāṇākṣināgarturasādryarkāh śanes tatah/(127668255)
bhānāṃ ravikhaśūnyāṅkavasurandhraśarāśvinah//(25980012)

90. khavyomakhatrayakhasāgraṣaṭkanāgavyomāṣṭaśūnyayamarūpanagāṣṭacandrāh/(18712080864000000)
brahmāṇḍasampuṭaparibhramaṇaṃ samantād abhyantare dinakarasya karaprasārah// [jyotiṣopaniṣad]

Computed by: orbitdailyMotionFromOrbitCONSTANTS.MOON_ORBIT_YOJANAS