Chapter 1: Mean motions of the planets

1.1-10 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

invocation; the revelation to Maya at the end of the Golden Age

1. acintyāvyaktarūpāya nirguṇāya guṇātmane/
samastajagadādhāramūrtaye brahmaṇe namah//

2. alpāvaśiṣṭe tu kṛte *mayo nāma mahāsurah/(b mayanāma)
rahasyaṃ paramaṃ puṇyaṃ jijñāsur jñānam uttamam//

3. vedāṅgam agryam akhilaṃ jyotiṣāṃ gatikāraṇam/
ārādhayan vivasvantaṃ tapas tepe suduścaram//

4. toṣitas tapasā tena prītas tasmai varārthine/
grahāṇāṃ caritaṃ prādān mayāya savitā svayam//

5. viditas te *mayā bhāvas toṣitas tapasā hy aham/ (ḍ mayābhāvas)
dadyāṃ kālāśrayaṃ jñānaṃ grahāṇāṃ caritaṃ mahat//

6. na me tejahsahah kaścid ākhyātuṃ nāsti me kṣaṇah/
madaṃśah puruṣo +ayaṃ te nihśeṣaṃ kathayiṣyati//

7. ity uktvāntardadhe devah samādiśyāṃśam ātmanah/
sa pumān mayam āhedaṃ praṇataṃ prāñjalisthitam//

8. śṛṇuṣvaikamanāh pūrvaṃ yad uktaṃ jñānam uttamam/
yuge yuge maharṣīṇāṃ svayam eva vivasvatā//

9. śāstram ādyaṃ tad evedaṃ yat pūrvaṃ prāha bhāskarah/
yugānāṃ parivartena kālabhedo +atra *kevalah//(b kevalam)

10. lokānām antakṛt kālah kālo +anyah kalanātmakah/
sa dvidhā sthūlasūkṣmatvān mūrtaś cāmūrta ucyate//

1.11-13 · computed

units of time: respirations, vinadis, nadis, the sidereal day; lunar and solar months

11. prāṇādih kathito mūrtas truṭyādyo +amūrtasaṃjñakah/
ṣaḍbhih prāṇair vināḍī syāt tatṣaṣṭyā nāḍikā smṛtā//

12. nāḍīṣaṣṭyā tu nākṣatram ahorātraṃ prakīrtitam/
tattriṃśatā bhaven māsah sāvano +arkodayais tathā//

13. aindavas tithibhis tadvat saṃkrāntyā saura ucyate/
māsair dvādaśabhir varṣaṃ divyaṃ tad aha ucyate//

Computed by: dayAndNightpancangaCONSTANTS.RESPIRATIONS_PER_NADI

1.14-24 · computed

divine years, the Ages, Patriarchates, the Eon, the time of creation

14. surāsurāṇām anyonyam ahorātraṃ viparyayāt/
tatṣaṣṭih ṣaḍguṇā divyaṃ varṣam āsuram eva ca//

15. taddvādaśasahasrāṇi caturyugam udāhṛtam/
sūryābdasaṃkhyayā dvitrisāgarair ayutāhataih//

16. sandhyāsandhyāṃśasahitaṃ vijñeyaṃ taccaturyugam/
kṛtādīnāṃ vyavastheyaṃ dharmapādavyavasthayā//

17. yugasya daśamo bhāgaś catustridvyekasaṅguṇah/
kramāt kṛtayugādīnāṃ ṣaṣṭhāṃśah sandhyayoh svakah//

18. yugānāṃ saptatih saikā manvantaram ihocyate/
*kṛtābdasaṃkhyās tasyānte sandhih prokto jalaplavah//(b ṛtābdasaṃkhyā)

19. sasandhayas te manavah kalpe jñeyās caturdaśa/
kṛtapramāṇah kalpādau sandhih pañcadaśah smṛtah//

20. ittham yugasahasreṇa bhūtasaṃhārakārakah/
kalpo brāhmam ahah proktaṃ śarvarī tasya tāvatī//

21. paramāyuh śataṃ tasya tayāhorātrasaṃkhyayā/
āyuṣo +ardhamitaṃ tasya śeṣakalpo +ayam ādimah//

22. kalpād asmāc ca manavah ṣaḍ vyatītāh sasandhayah/
vaivasvatasya ca *manor yugānāṃ trighano gatah//(b manoyugānāṃ)

23. aṣṭāviṃśād yugād asmād yātam etat kṛtaṃ yugam/
atah kālaṃ prasaṃkhyāya saṃkhyām ekatra piṇḍayet//

24. graharkṣadevadaityādi sṛjato +asya carācaram/
kṛtādrivedā divyābdāh śataghnā vedhaso gatāh//

Computed by: CONSTANTS.YEARS

1.25 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

why the planets appear to move eastward

25. paścād vrajanto +atijavān nakṣatraih satataṃ grahāh/
jīyamānās tu lambante tulyam eva svamārgagāh//

1.26 · computed

daily motion from the revolutions

26. prāggatitvam atas teṣāṃ bhagaṇaih pratyahaṃ gatih/
pariṇāhavaśād bhinnā tadvaśād bhāni bhuñjate//

Computed by: dailyMotions

1.27 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

swift and slow planets

27. śīghragas tāny athālpena kālena mahatālpagah/
teṣāṃ tu parivartena pauṣṇānte bhagaṇah smṛtah//

1.28 · computed

seconds, minutes, degrees, signs, revolutions

28. vikalānāṃ kalā ṣaṣṭyā tatṣaṣṭyā bhāga ucyate/
tattriṃśatā bhaved rāśir bhagaṇo dvādaśaiva te//

Computed by: meanPlaces

1.29-34 · computed

revolutions in an Age, including the asterisms (sidereal days)

29. yuge sūryajñaśukrāṇām khacatuṣkaradārṇavāh/
kujārkiguruśīghrāṇāṃ bhagaṇāh pūrvayāyinām//

30. indo rasāgnitritrīṣusaptabhūdharamārgaṇāh/(57753336)
dasratryaṣṭarasāṅkākṣilocanāni kujasya tu//(2296832) checked

31. budhaśīghrasya śūnyartukhādritryaṅkanagendavah/(17937060)
bṛhaspateh khadasrākṣivedaṣaḍvahnayas tathā//(364220)

32. sitaśīghrasya ṣaṭsaptatriyamāśvikhabhūdharāh/(7022376)
śaner bhujaṅgaṣaṭpañcarasavedaniśākarāh//(146568)

33. candroccasyāgniśūnyāśvivasusarpārṇavā yuge/(488203)
vāmaṃ pātasya vasvagniyamāśviśikhidasrakāh//(232238)

34. bhānām aṣṭākṣivasvadritridvidvyaṣṭaśarendavah/(1582237828)
bhodayā bhagaṇaih svaih svair ūnāh svasvodayā yuge//

Computed by: meanPlacesCONSTANTS.REVOLUTIONS_PER_AGECONSTANTS.ASTERISM_REVOLUTIONS_PER_AGE

1.35-40 · computed

lunar months, intercalary months, civil, lunar and omitted days; their Eon values

35. bhavanti śaśino māsāh sūryendubhagaṇāntaram/
ravimāsonitās te tu śeṣāh syur adhimāsakāh//

36. sāvahāhāni cāndrebhyo dyubhyah projjhya tithikṣayāh/
udayād udayaṃ bhānor bhūmisāvanavāsarah//

37. vasudvyaṣṭādrirūpāṅkasaptādritithayo yuge/(1577917828)
cāndrāh khāṣṭakhakhavyomakhāgnikhartuniśākarāh//(1603000080)

38. ṣaḍvahnitrihutāśāṅkatithayaś cādhimāsakāh/(1593336)
tithikṣayā yamārthāśvidvyaṣṭavyomaśarāśvinah//(25082252)

39. khacatuṣkasamudrāṣṭakupañca ravimāsakāh/(51840000)
bhavanti bhodayā bhānubhagaṇair ūnitāh kvahāh//

40. adhimāsonarātryārkṣacāndrasāvanavāsarāh/
ete sahasraguṇitāh kalpe syur bhagaṇādayah//

Computed by: CONSTANTS.LUNAR_DAYS_PER_AGECONSTANTS.INTERCALARY_MONTHS_PER_AGECONSTANTS.OMITTED_LUNAR_DAYS_PER_AGECONSTANTS.SOLAR_MONTHS_PER_AGE

1.41-44 · computed

revolutions of the apsides and nodes in an Eon

41. prāggateh sūryamandasya kalpe saptāṣṭavahnayah/(387)
kaujasya vedakhayamā baudhasyāṣṭartuvahnayah//(204, 368)

42. khakharandhrāṇi jaivasya śaukrasyārthaguṇeṣavah/(900, 535)
go +agnayah śanimandasya pātānām atha vāmatah//(39)

43. manudasrās tu kaujasya baudhasyāṣṭāṣṭasāgarāh/ (214, 488)
kṛtādricandrā jaivasya trikhāṅkāś ca tathā bhṛgos //(ḍ bhṛgos tathā)(174, 903)

44. śanipātasya bhagaṇāh kalpe yamarasartavah/(662)
bhagaṇāh pūrvam evātra proktāś candroccapātayoh//

Computed by: meanPlacesmeanOf

1.45-47 · computed

time elapsed from creation to the end of the Golden Age

45. ṣaṇmanūnāṃ tu sampīḍya kālaṃ tatsandhibhih saha/
kalpādisandhinā sārdhaṃ vaivasvatamanos tathā//

46. yugānām trighanaṃ yātaṃ tathā kṛtayugaṃ tv idam/
projjhya sṛṣṭes tatah kālaṃ pūrvoktaṃ divyasaṃkhyayā//

47. sūryābdasaṃkhyayā jñeyāh kṛtasyānte gatā amī/
khacatuṣkayamādryagniśararandhraniśākarāh//(1953720000)

Computed by: CONSTANTS.YEARSCONSTANTS.DAYS_CREATION_TO_KALI

1.48-51 · computed

the sum of days from the lunisolar date

48. ata ūrdhvam amī yuktā gatakālābdasaṃkhyayā/
māsīkṛtā yutā māsair madhuśuklādibhir gataih//

49. pṛthakṣthās te +adhimāsaghnāh sūryamāsavibhājitāh/
labdhādhimāsakair yuktā dinīkṛtya dinānvitāh//

50. dviṣṭhās tithikṣayābhyastāś cāndravāsarabhājitāh/
labdhonarātrirahitā laṅkāyām ārdharātrikah//

51. sāvano dyugaṇah sūryād dinamāsābdapās tatah/
saptabhih kṣayitah śeṣah sūryādyo vāsareśvarah//

Computed by: aharganaFromLunisolar

1.52 · computed

lords of the day, month and year

52. māsābdadinasaṃkhyāptaṃ dvitrighnaṃ rūpasaṃyutam/
saptoddhṛtāvaśeṣau tu vijñeyau māsavarṣau//

Computed by: lordsOfTime

1.53-54 · computed

mean places of planets, apsides and nodes from the sum of days

53. yathā svabhaganābhyasto dinarāśih kuvāsaraih/
vibhājito madhyagatyā bhagaṇādir graho bhavet//

54. evaṃ svaśīghramandoccā ye proktāh pūrvayāyinah/
vilomagatayah pātās tadvac cakrād viśodhitāh//

Computed by: meanPlacesmeanOf

1.55 · computed

the year of Jupiter's sixty-year cycle

55. dvādaśaghnā guror yātā bhagaṇā vartamānakaih/
rāśibhih sahitāh śuddhāh ṣaṣṭyā syur vijayādayah//

Computed by: jupiterYear

1.56 · descriptive (nothing to compute)

the processes may be abridged by counting from any epoch

56. vistareṇaitad uditaṃ saṃkṣepād vyāvahārikam/
madhyamānayanaṃ kāryaṃ grahāṇām iṣṭato yugāt//

1.57-58 · computed

at the end of the Golden Age the mean planets conjoin at Aries; Moon's apsis at Capricorn, node at Libra

57. asmin kṛtayugasyānte sarve madhyagatā grahāh/
*vinā tu pātamandoccān meṣādau tulyatām itāh (ḍ vinendu)//

58. makarādau śaśāṅkoccaṃ tatpātas tu tulādigah/
niraṃśatvam gatāś cānye noktās te mandacāriṇah//

Computed by: meanPlaces

1.59-61 · computed

the earth's diameter and circumference; correction for difference of longitude

59. yojanāni śatāny aṣṭau bhūkarṇo dviguṇāni tu/
tadvargato daśaguṇāt padaṃ bhūparidhir bhavet//

60. lambajyāghnas trijīvāptah sphuṭo bhūparidhih svakah/
tena deśāntarābhyastā grahabhuktir vibhājitā//

61. kalādi tat phalaṃ prācyāṃ grahebhyah pariśodhayet/
rekhāpratīcīsaṃsthāne prakṣipet syuh svadeśajā//

Computed by: earthCircumferencecorrectedCircumferencedesantaraCorrection

1.62 · data (a constant used)

the prime meridian through Lanka, Rohitaka and Avanti

62. rākṣasālayadevaukahśailayor madhyasūtragāh/
rohītakam avantī ca yathā sannihitaṃ sarah//

Computed by: CONSTANTS.UJJAYINI_EAST_DEGREES

1.63-65 · computed

difference of longitude from the timing of a lunar eclipse

63. atītyonmīlanād indoh paścāt tadgaṇitāgatāt/(c atītyonmīlanād indor dṛkṣiddhir gaṇitāgatāt/)
yadā bhavet tadā prācyāṃ svasthānaṃ madhyato bhavet//

64. aprāpya ca bhavet paścād evaṃ vāpi nimīlanāt/
tayor antaranāḍībhir hanyād bhūparidhiṃ sphuṭam//

65. ṣaṣṭyā vibhajya labdhais tu yojanaih prāg athāparaih/
svadeśah paridhau jñeyah kuryād deśāntaraṃ hi taih//

Computed by: yojanasFromTimeDifference

1.66 · computed

when the week-day begins east and west of the meridian

66. vārapravṛttih prāgdeśe kṣapārdhe +abhyadhike bhavet/
taddeśāntaranāḍībhih paścād ūne vinirdiśet//

Computed by: weekdayLord

1.67 · computed

mean place at any time of the day

67. iṣṭanāḍīguṇā bhuktih ṣaṣṭyā bhaktā kalādikam/
gate śodhyaṃ yutaṃ gamye kṛtvā tātkāliko bhavet//

Computed by: meanPlaces

1.68-70 · computed

greatest latitudes

68. bhacakraliptāśītyaṃśaṃ paramaṃ dakṣiṇottaram/
vikṣipyate svapātena svakrāntyantād anuṣṇaguh//

69. tannavāṃśaṃ dviguṇitaṃ jīvas triguṇitaṃ kujah/
budhaśukrārkajāh pātair vikṣipyante caturguṇam//

70. evam trighanarandhrārkarasārkārkā daśāhatāh/
candrādīnāṃ kramād uktā madhyavikeṣepaliptikāh// [spaṣṭādhikārah]

Computed by: latitudesCONSTANTS.GREATEST_LATITUDE_MINUTES