🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 17.10

17.10 यातयामम् state? गतरसम् tasteless? पूति putrid? पर्युषितम् rotten? च and? यत् which? उच्छिष्टम् refuse? अपि also? च and? अमेध्यम् impure? भोजनम् food? तामसप्रियम् liked by the Tamasic.Commentary Cannabis indica (Ganja)? Bhang? opium? cocaine? Charas? Chandoo? all stale and putrid articles? are Tamasic.Yatayamam Stale? literally means cooked three hours ago. Yatayamam and Gatarasam mean the same thing.Paryushitam Rotten The cooked food which has been kept overnight.Uchchishtam What is left on the plate after a meal.The man whose taste is of a Tamasic nature will eat food in the afternoon that has been cooked on the previous day. He also likes that which is halfcooked or burnt to a cinder. He and all the members of his family sit together and eat from the same dish or plate? food that has been mixed into a mess by his children.The food eaten by Tamasic people is stale? dry? without juice? unripe or overcooked. They do not relish it? till it begins to rot and ferment. They take prohibited foods and drinks. They take liors? fermented toddy? etc. They are horrible people with devilish tendencies.

17.10 Bhojanam, food; which is yata-yamam, not properly cooked [Yata-yamam lit. means 'crooked three hours ago', that which has lost its essence; but here it is translated as 'not properly cooked to avoid tautology, for the next word gata-rasam, too, means lacking in essence.-Tr.] (-because food that has lost its essence is referred to by the word gatarasam-); gata-rasam, lacking in essence; puti, putrid; and paryusitam, stale, cooked on the previous day and kept over-night; and even ucchistam, ort, remnants of a meal; and amedhyam, that which is unfit for sacrifice;- this kind of food is tamasa-priyam, dear to one possessed of tamas. Now then, sacrifices of three kinds are being stated:

17.10 Stale (Yatayamam) means that food which has lost its original state, being kept for a long time. Tasteless (Gatarasam) means that which has lost its natural taste. Putrid (Puti) means emitting a bad smell. Decayed (Paryusitam) means aciring a rancidity by lapse of time. Refuse (Ucchistam) means the food that has remained over after being partaken by persons other than Gurus, etc. Unclean (Amedhyam) is that which is not fit for offering in sacrifice or worship. The meaning is that, being unfit for offering in worship, they cannot become the sacrificial remainder. Foods of this kind which promote the growth of Tamas are dear to those who are characterised by Tamas. Food (Bhojana) means that which is eaten. Tamasik food promotes further increase of Tamas. Hence, those persons who care for their own welfare by the growth of Sattva, should eat food charaterised by Sattva.

17.7-10 Aharah etc. upto tamasapriyam. What is old : that for which [three] yamas have elapsed [after cooking].

।।17.10।। यातयाम कालगणना की प्राचीन पद्धति के अनुसार एक दिन को आठ यामों में विभाजित किया जाता है। प्रति याम तीन घंटे का होता है। इसलिए तीन घंटे पूर्व पकाया गया अन्न यातयाम कहलाता है? जो भोजन के योग्य नहीं समझा जाता। वैसे इस शब्द का अर्थ बासी अन्न हो सकता है? परन्तु इसी श्लोक में पर्युषित अर्थात् बासी अन्न का स्वतन्त्र उल्लेख किया गया है अत यहाँ इसका दूसरा अर्थ अर्धपक्व अन्न समझना चाहिए।गतरस अधिक समय बीत जाने पर अन्न का रस समाप्त हो जाता है? परन्तु तामसी लोगों को यही अन्न रुचिकर लगता है। दक्षिण भारत में चावल को पकाकर रातभर जल में भिगोकर रखते हैं और दूसरे दिन उसे खाते हैं। यद्यपि अनेक लोगों को वह अन्न रुचिकर लगता है? परन्तु वह बासी और रसहीन होने से तामस भोजन ही कहलायेगा। सम्भवत उत्तर भारत में? बासी रोटी खायी,जाती हो।पूति तमोगुणी लोगों को दुर्गन्धयुक्त आहार स्वादिष्ट लगता है? जबकि अन्य लोगों को वह दुर्गन्ध असह्य होती है।पर्युषित (बासी) रात भर का रखा हुआ अन्न बासी कहलाता है। इसमें हम मादक द्रव्यों को भी समाविष्ट कर सकते हैं। तामसी लोगों को मद्यपानादि प्रिय होता है। अत्यन्त अज्ञानी और निम्न संस्कृति के घृणित व्यक्तियों को अशुद्ध? अपवित्र तथा उच्छिष्ट (जूठा? त्यागा हुआ) भोजन प्रिय होता है। अब? त्रिविध यज्ञों का वर्णन करते हैं