🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 17.23

Chapter 17 · श्रद्धात्रयविभागयोग · Śraddhā-Traya-Vibhāga-Yoga · "The Yoga of the Three Types of Faith" · Verse 23 of 28

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तत्सदिति निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृतः।ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा।।17.23।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 17.23 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
17.23 Om Tat Sat' is the triple designation of the Eternal Spirit, by which of old the Vedic Scriptures, the ceremonials and the sacrifices were ordained.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
17.23 "Om Tat Sat": This has been declared to be the triple designation of Brahman. By that were created formerly, the Brahmanas, the Vedas and the sacrifices.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
17.23 Om, tat, sat-iti, this; is smrtah, considered, regarded, in the Vedanta, by the knowers of Brahman; to be the trividhah, threefold; nirdesah, designation, mention by name-nirdesa is that by which a thing is specified; brahmanah, of Brahman. The Brahmanas and the Vedas and the sacrifices were vihitah, ordainded, [When some defect arises in sacrifice etc., then this is corrected by uttering one of these words-Om, tat, sat.] created; tena, by that threefold designation; pura, in the days of yore [In the beginning of creation by Prajapati.]-this is said by way of eulogizing the designation.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
17.23 Here Brahman means the Veda. It is the secondary meaning of the expression, especially of the ritualistic portion of the Veda. The three-fold expression Om Tat Sat is connected with the Brahman or the Veda. Sacrifices and similar rituals are prescribed in the Vedas. These expressions Om Tat Sat are used in these Vedic rites. The connection of Om is that it should be invariably used at the commencement of the recitation of Vedic hymns. The syllable Tat and Sat indicate that these rituals are worthy of honour. The Brahmanas are those who are to preserve Vedic study as also the Vedas and the sacrificial rites ordained in them. All these were created by Me in the past. Sri Krsna elaborates in the next verses the nature of the connection of these syllables with the Vedic rituals, beginning first with Om.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
17.23. OM TAT SAT : This is held to be the three-fold indication of the Brahman. By means of that, the Vedas, and also the sacrifices had been fashioned formerly by Brahma.

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
17.23 तत्सत् Om Tat Sat? इति thus? निर्देशः designation? ब्रह्मणः of Brahman? त्रिविधः threefold? स्मृतः has been declared? ब्राह्मणाः Brahmanas? तेन by that? वेदाः Vedas? च and? यज्ञाः sacrifices? च and? विहिताः created? पुरा formerly.Commentary Om Tat Sat is the root of the entire universe. Om is the Akshara Brahman. Tat means Thath? the indefinable. Sat means Reality.Para Brahman? that Supreme Being? the abiding place of all that lives and moves? is beyond name and class. The Vedas have ventured to give a name to Him. A new born child has no name but no,receiving one he will answer to it. Men who are troubled by the afflictions of this world run to the Deity for refuge and call Him by the name. When Brahman is invoked through the name that which is hidden is revealed to the aspirant.These three words have a divine power of their own. The vibrations that they produce in one are such as to arouse the latent divinity and also to secure the necessary response from the Cosmic Being Whom they connote.When a sacrificial rite or the like is found defective? it will be rendered perfect by the utterance of the powerful Mantra Om Tat Sat or one of the three designations in the end. With Om or Om Tat Sat all acts of sacrifice? study of sacred scriptures? spiritual discipline and meditation are commenced. If the doer of sacrifices remembers either of these Mantras all obstacles that stand in the way of success of the sacrifices are removed.Om Tat Sat has been declared to be the triple designation of Brahman in the Vedanta by the knowers of Brahman. The power of creation that lies in the Creator emanates from this Mantra. When He meditated inwardly on the meaning of this Mantra and repeated the threefold word? He acired the power to create. Then He created the Brahmanas? gave them the Vedas to be their guide and directed them to perform sacrifices and other rites.Puraa Of old At the beginning of creation by the Prajapati.Brahman here means the Veda.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
17.23 Om, tat, sat-iti, this; is smrtah, considered, regarded, in the Vedanta, by the knowers of Brahman; to be the trividhah, threefold; nirdesah, designation, mention by name-nirdesa is that by which a thing is specified; brahmanah, of Brahman. The Brahmanas and the Vedas and the sacrifices were vihitah, ordainded, [When some defect arises in sacrifice etc., then this is corrected by uttering one of these words-Om, tat, sat.] created; tena, by that threefold designation; pura, in the days of yore [In the beginning of creation by Prajapati.]-this is said by way of eulogizing the designation.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
17.23 Here Brahman means the Veda. It is the secondary meaning of the expression, especially of the ritualistic portion of the Veda. The three-fold expression Om Tat Sat is connected with the Brahman or the Veda. Sacrifices and similar rituals are prescribed in the Vedas. These expressions Om Tat Sat are used in these Vedic rites. The connection of Om is that it should be invariably used at the commencement of the recitation of Vedic hymns. The syllable Tat and Sat indicate that these rituals are worthy of honour. The Brahmanas are those who are to preserve Vedic study as also the Vedas and the sacrificial rites ordained in them. All these were created by Me in the past. Sri Krsna elaborates in the next verses the nature of the connection of these syllables with the Vedic rituals, beginning first with Om.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
17.23 See Comment under 17.27
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।17.23।। ? तत् सत् जिस शब्द के द्वारा किसी वस्तु को इंगित किया जाता है उसे निर्देश कहते हैं। इस प्रकार? तत्सत् ब्रह्म का त्रिविध निर्देश माना गया है अर्थात् इनमें से प्रत्येक शब्द ब्रह्म का ही संकेतक है। प्राय कर्मकाण्ड के विधान में कर्म करते समय इस प्रकार के निर्देश के स्मरण और उच्चारण का उपदेश दिया जाता है? जिसके फलस्वरूप कर्मानुष्ठान में रह गयी अपूर्णता या दोष की निवृत्ति हो जाती है। प्रत्येक कर्म अपना फल देता है? परन्तु वह फल केवल कर्म पर ही निर्भर न होकर कर्त्ता के उद्देश्य की शुद्धता की भी अपेक्षा रखता है। कोई व्यक्ति कितने ही परिश्रमपूर्वक किसी प्रकार का धार्मिक अनुष्ठान क्यों न करे? यदि उसका उद्देश्य हीनस्तर का है तो वह अनुष्ठान उस कर्ता को श्रेष्ठ फल प्रदान करने में असमर्थ होता है। हम सबके कर्म एक समान प्रतीत हो सकते हैं? तथापि एक व्यक्ति को प्राप्त फल दूसरे से भिन्न होता है। इसका कारण कर्ता के उद्देश्य का गुणधर्म ही हो सकता है।ईश्वर के स्मरण के द्वारा हम अपने उद्देश्यों की आभा को और अधिक तेजस्वी बना सकते हैं। अनात्म उपाधियों से तादात्म्य को त्यागने से ही हम अपने परमात्म स्वरूप में स्थित हो सकते हैं। जिस मात्रा में हमारे कर्म निस्वार्थ होंगे उसी मात्रा में प्राप्त पुरस्कार भी शुद्ध होगा। अहंकार के नाश के लिए साधक को अपनी आध्यात्मिक प्रतिष्ठा का बोध होना आवश्यक है। उस आत्मतत्त्व का प्रतीक है जो अजन्मा? अविनाशी? सर्व उपाधियों के अतीत और शरीरादि उपाधियों का अधिष्ठान है। तत् शब्द परब्रह्म का सूचक है। उपनिषदों के प्रसिद्ध महावाक्य तत्त्वमसि में? तत् उस परम सत्य को इंगित करता है? जो सम्पूर्ण विश्व की उत्पत्ति? स्थिति और लय का स्थान है। अर्थात् जगत्कारण ब्रह्म तत् शब्द के द्वारा इंगित किया गया है। सत् का अर्थ त्रिकाल अबाधित सत्ता। यह सत्स्वरूप सर्वत्र व्याप्त है। इस प्रकार? तत्सत् इन तीन शब्दों के द्वारा विश्वातीत? विश्वकारण और विश्व व्यापक परमात्मा का स्मरण करना ही उसके साथ तादात्म्य करना है।ईश्वर स्मरण से हमारे कर्म शुद्ध हो जाते हैं। तत्सत् द्वारा निर्दिष्ट ब्रह्म से ही समस्त वर्ण? धर्म? वेद और यज्ञ उत्पन्न हुए हैं। अध्यस्त सृष्टि का कारण उसका अधिष्ठान ही होता है। अब? आगामी श्लोकों में इन तीन शब्दों के प्रयोग के विधान को बताते हैं

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