🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 8.17

Chapter 8 · अक्षरब्रह्मयोग · Akṣara-Brahma-Yoga · "The Yoga of the Imperishable Brahman" · Verse 17 of 28

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सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः।

रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः।।8.17।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 8.17 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
8.17 Those who understand the cosmic day and cosmic night know that one day of creation is a thousand cycles, and that the night is of equal length.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
8.17 Those people who know the day of Brahma which is of a duration of a thousand Yugas (ages) and the night which is also of a thousand Yugas duration, they know day and night.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
8.17 Viduh, they know; that ahah, day; brahmanah, of Brahma, of Prajapati, of Virat; yat, which; sahasra-yuga-paryantam, ends in a thousand yugas; and also the ratirm, night; yuga-sahasra-antam, which ends in a thousand yugas, having the same duration as the day. Who knows (these)? In reply the Lord says: Te, they; janah, poeple; ahoratra-vidah, who are the knowers of what day and night are, i.e. the people who know the measurement of time. Since the worlds are thus delimited by time, therefore they are subject to return. What happens during the day and the night of Prajapati is being stated:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
8.17 These men who know the order of the day and night as established by My will in regard to all beings, beginning with man and ending with Brahma - they understand that what forms Brahma's day is a unit comprising in it a thousand periods of four Yugas (Catur-yugas) and anight is a unit of eal duration.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
8.17. Those who know the day of Brahma as compassing one thousand yugas (world-ages), and night [also] as compassing one thousand yugas-those men know the day and night of Brahma.

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।8.17।। जो मनुष्य ब्रह्माके एक हज़ार चतुर्युगीवाले एक दिनको और सहस्त्र चतुर्युगीपर्यन्त एक रातको जानते हैं, वे मनुष्य ब्रह्माके दिन और रातको जाननेवाले हैं।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
8.17 सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् ending in a thousand Yugas (ages)? अहः day? यत् which? ब्रह्मणः of Brahma? विदुः know? रात्रिम् the night? युगसहस्रान्ताम् ending in a thousand Yugas (ages)? ते they? अहोरात्रविदः knowers of day and night? जनाः people.Commentary Day means evolution or projection or manifestation of the universe. Night means involution of the universe or Pralaya. The worlds are limited or conditioned in time. Therefore they return again. The world of Brahma (Brahmaloka or Sattyaloka) is also transient? although it lasts for a thousand ages. When the four great Yugas have gone round a thousan times? it make a daytime of Brahma and when an eal number of Yugas pass again it makes a night. Those who can see and live through the day and night of Brahma can really know what is a day and what is a night.The Suryasiddhanta speaks of the same division of time.According to it YearsKaliyuga (with its Sandhya andSandhyamsa) consists of 432?000Dvapara Yuga (do) 864?000Tretayuga (do) 1?296?000Kritayuga (do) 1?728?000Thus a Mahayuga consisting ofthese four Yugas comprises 4?320?00071 such Mahayugas with an additionalSandhya? at the close of 1?728?000years make one Manvantara of 308?448?00014 such Manvantaras with anotherSandhya? at the close of 1?728?000years constitute one Kalpa of 4?320?000?000Two Kalpas make a day and nightof Brahma of 8?640?000?000360 such days and nights make oneyear of Brahma consisting of 3?110?400?000?000100 such years constituteHis lifetime of 311?040?000?000?000The world is absorbed in the Avyakta or the Unmanifested or Mulaprakriti during the cosmic Pralaya (involution of the world). Just as the tree remains in a latent state in the seed? so also this whole universe remains in a latent state in a seedform in the Mulaprakriti during Pralaya. This is the night of Brahma. This is the cosmic night. Again the world is projected at the beginning of the Mahakalpa (evolution). There comes the cosmic dawn or cosmic day. This eternal rhythm of cosmic day and night (evolution and involution) is kept up in the macrocosm.Nothing that comes under this everrevolving wheel of cosmic day and night lasts for ever. That is the reason why the seers of the Upanishads? the sages of yore? lived in the transcendental Supreme being? the imperishable Self? the indestructible Purusha? the supreme goal of life? the highest end of man? which is beyond the cosmic day and night. Just as the seeds that are fried can hardly germinate? so also those who have attained to the imperishable Brahman? the Absolute? the Eternal? cannot return to this world of sorrow? pain and misery. They know neither day nor night. They are one with Existence Absolute.The manifested and the unmanifested dwell in Brahman. Brahman is beyond the manifested and the unmanifested. When the world and the body are destroyed Brahman is not destroyed. The waves come out and subside? but the ocean remains unaffected. So also the worlds come and subside? but Brahman the source of everything? the source of Mulaprakriti? ever remains unaffected. Just as ornaments come out of gold and then go back to gold when they are melted? so also all the worlds come out of Brahman and go back to Brahman. Gold is in no way affected by the various forms such as earning? bracelets? anklets? etc.? that have been made of it. Even so Brahman is not in the least affected by the projection and destruction (dissolution) of the worlds and the bodies of beings. It remains always as It is.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
8.17 Viduh, they know; that ahah, day; brahmanah, of Brahma, of Prajapati, of Virat; yat, which; sahasra-yuga-paryantam, ends in a thousand yugas; and also the ratirm, night; yuga-sahasra-antam, which ends in a thousand yugas, having the same duration as the day. Who knows (these)? In reply the Lord says: Te, they; janah, poeple; ahoratra-vidah, who are the knowers of what day and night are, i.e. the people who know the measurement of time. Since the worlds are thus delimited by time, therefore they are subject to return. What happens during the day and the night of Prajapati is being stated:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
8.17 These men who know the order of the day and night as established by My will in regard to all beings, beginning with man and ending with Brahma - they understand that what forms Brahma's day is a unit comprising in it a thousand periods of four Yugas (Catur-yugas) and anight is a unit of eal duration.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
8.17 See Comment under 8.19
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।8.17।। आइन्स्टीन के सापेक्षवाद ने एक रहस्योद्घाटन किया है जो कि अब पश्चिमी देशों में स्वीकृत हो चुका है। इस सिद्धांत के अनुसार देश और काल की कल्पनाएं उन व्यक्तिगत तत्त्वों पर निर्भर करती हैं जो इनके मापदण्ड के नियामक होते हैं। जब मन क्षुब्ध होता है तब समय भार मालूम पड़ता है और मन्दगति से बीत रहा प्रतीत होता है जैसे जब कोई व्यक्ति किसी की व्याकुलता या अत्यन्त उत्सुकता से प्रतीक्षा कर रहा होता है किन्तु उसी व्यक्ति को समय उड़ता हुआ प्रतीत होता है जब वह विश्राम और सुखदायक परिस्थितियों में बैठा हो जहाँ उसका मनोरंजन हो रहा हो। ताश खेलने में मग्न पुरुष को रात कैसे व्यतीत हो गई इसका भान नहीं रहता और उषाकाल की सूर्य की किरणों को खिड़की में से आते देखकर उसे आश्चर्य होता है। मन के प्रतिकूल कार्य करना पड़े अथवा शरीर में पीड़ा हो तो एकएक क्षण युगों के समान जान पड़ता है। निद्रावस्था के एक अखण्ड अनुभव में काल की कोई कल्पना नहीं होती।उपर्युक्त घटनाओं के निरीक्षण से हिन्दू दार्शनिक इस युक्तियुक्त निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचे कि वास्तव में जिसे हम काल कहते हैं वह दो भिन्नभिन्न अनुभवों के मध्य के अन्तराल की गणना है। मन को क्षुब्ध करने वाले अनुभवों की संख्या जितनी ही अधिक होगी समय की गति मन्द अनुभव होगी। एक ही अनुभव यदि दीर्घकाल तक बना रहे तो समय तीव्र गति से व्यतीत होगा। केवल एक ही अनुभव में काल का अनुभव नहीं होता जैसे एक ही बिन्दु पर दूरी की गणना नहीं होती क्योंकि दो बिन्दुओं के मध्य अन्तराल की गणना से ही दूरी नापी जा सकती है। इस सिद्धांत के आधार पर काल की गणना करते हुए पौराणिक कवियों ने जो कहा कि देवताओं की घड़ियों के डायल बड़े होते हैं तो उनका कथन उपयुक्त ही है उपनिषदों में भी आनन्द की मीमांसा की गई है जिसमें एक मानवीय आनन्द को इकाई मानकर ब्रह्माजी तक के देवों को प्राप्त आनन्द की मात्रा की गणना की गई है। र्मत्यलोक से उच्चतर विभिन्न लोकों में आनन्द की मात्रा में वृद्धि उन लोकों में प्राप्त होने वाली मन की शान्ति एवं समता के तारतम्य को दर्शाती है।इस श्लोक में कहा गया है कि ब्रह्माजी का एक दिन एक सहस्र युगों का होता है तथा एक रात्रि भी उतनी ही दीर्घ होती है। युग से तात्पर्य कल्प से है। कालविदों ने जो यह गणना की है वह हमारे 365 दिनों के एक वर्ष की गणना के अनुसार है। चार युगों का एक कल्प होता है और ब्रह्माजी का एक दिन एक सहस्र कल्पों का माना गया है।जैसे व्यष्टि इकाइयाँ होंगी वैसे ही समष्टि होगी। व्यष्टि (एक) मन स्वेच्छा से अपनी सृष्टि की रचना करता है और उसका पोषण भी करता है। तत्पश्चात् उसे नष्ट कर देता है केवल पुनः नई सृष्टि रचने के लिए। सृष्टि और लय का यह निरन्तर कार्य मनुष्य केवल दिन में अर्थात् अपनी जाग्रत्अवस्था में ही करता है। इसी प्रकार यह माना जाता है कि समष्टि मन अर्थात् ब्रह्मा जी इस चराचर सृष्टि की रचना केवल उनकी जाग्रत् अवस्था में करते हैं।

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।8.17।। व्याख्या--सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् ৷৷. तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः --सत्य, त्रेता, द्वापर और कलि--मृत्युलोकके इन चार युगोंको एक चतुर्युगी कहते हैं। ऐसी एक हजार चतुर्युगी बीतनेपर ब्रह्माजीका एक दिन होता है और एक हजार चतुर्युगी बीतनेपर ब्रह्माजीकी एक रात होती है (टिप्पणी प0 470)। दिन-रातकी इसी गणनाके अनुसार सौ वर्षोंकी ब्रह्माजीकी आयु होती है। ब्रह्माजीकी आयुके सौ वर्ष बीतनेपर ब्रह्माजी परमात्मामें लीन हो जाते हैं और उनका ब्रह्मलोक भी प्रकृतिमें लीन हो जाता है तथा प्रकृति परमात्मामें लीन हो जाती है। कितनी ही बड़ी आयु क्यों न हो, वह भी कालकी अवधिवाली ही है। ऊँचे-से-ऊँचे कहे जानेवाले जो भोग हैं, वे भी संयोगजन्य होनेसे दुःखोंके ही कारण हैं--'ये हि संस्पर्शजा भोगा दुःखयोनय एव ते' (गीता 5। 22) और कालकी अवधिवाले हैं। केवल भगवान् ही कालातीत हैं। इस प्रकार कालके तत्त्वको जाननेवाले मनुष्य ब्रह्मलोकतकके दिव्य भोगोंको किञ्चिन्मात्र भी महत्त्व नहीं देते। सम्बन्ध--ब्रह्माजीके दिन और रातको लेकर जो सर्ग और प्रलय होते हैं, उसका वर्णन अब आगेके दो श्लोकोंमें करते हैं।

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BG 8.17local Bhagavad-Gītā verse route and source-anchor sectionChapter 8 hubAkṣara-Brahma-Yoga · The Yoga of the Imperishable BrahmanMBh 6.30.17exact Bhīṣma-Parva source route for this Gītā verse/bhagavad-gitamaster index for all 18 chapters and 701 verse routesBhīṣma-ParvaMahābhārata narrative home where the Bhagavad-Gītā is received/mahabharatafull Itihāsa source spine for Vyāsa Maharṣi's MahābhārataBG 1 · Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaBG 2 · Sāṅkhya YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Sāṅkhya YogaBG 3 · Karma YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma YogaBG 4 · Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaBG 5 · Karma-Sannyāsa YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma-Sannyāsa YogaBG 6 · Dhyāna YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Dhyāna YogaBG 7 · Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)TAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)BG 9 · Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaBG 10 · Vibhūti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Vibhūti YogaBG 11 · Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaBG 12 · Bhakti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Bhakti YogaBG 13 · Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaBG 14 · Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaBG 15 · Puruṣottama YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Puruṣottama YogaBG 16 · Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaBG 17 · Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaBG 18 · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)ANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)BG 2.47niṣkāma-karma-yoga action disciplineBG 4.34praṇipāta · paripraśna · sevā before tattva-darśī teachersBG 7.7mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat · no source higher than KrishnaBG 9.17Krishna as father, mother, supporter, and grandfatherBG 10.30Krishna as Time among reckonersBG 13.23Paramātmā as witness, permitter, supporter, enjoyer, and LordBG 15.15Krishna seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetfulnessBG 18.61Īśvara situated in the heart of all beingsBG 18.66Carama-Śloka surrender discipline and final refuge/vishwaroopa-darshanaall 18 Gītā chapters rendered as one chart-aware darśana/vishvarupa-chartBG 11 chart-as-Viśvarūpa-darśana aperture/bija-sutrasfounder-curated bīja-pada exposition layer inside selected Gītā verse pages/binduDiamond of Darśanas frame for Gītā source recognition/philosophyKrishna = Paramaatma = Parabrahman constitutional foundation/llms.txtbrief AI-agent source map/llms-full.txtcomprehensive AI-agent access map
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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)