🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 8.16
Chapter 8 · अक्षरब्रह्मयोग · Akṣara-Brahma-Yoga · "The Yoga of the Imperishable Brahman" · Verse 16 of 28
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
8.16 The worlds, with the whole realm of creation, come and go; but, O Arjuna, whoso comes to Me, for him there is nor rebirth.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
8.16 (All) the worlds including the world of Brahma are subject to return again, O Arjuna; but he who reaches Me, O son of Kunti, has no rirth.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
8.16 O Arjuna, all the lokah, worlds; abrahma-bhuvanat, together with the world of Brahma-bhuvana is that (place) in which creatures are born, and brahma-bhuvana means the world of Brahma; punah avartinah, are subject to return, are by nature liable to come again; Tu, but; kaunteya, O son of Kunti, na vidyate, there is no; punarjanma, rirth; upetya, after reaching; mam, Me alone.
Why are all the worlds together with the realm of Brahma subject to return? Becuase they are limited by time. How?
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
8.16 All the worlds, from the realm of Brahma included in the Brahmanda (cosmic sphere), are spheres in which experiences conferring Aisvarya (prosperity and power) can be obtained. But they are destructible and those who attain them are subject to return. Therefore destruction, i.e., return is unavoidable for the aspirants for Aisvarya, as the regions where it is attained perish. On the contrary there is no rirth to those who attain Me, the Omniscient, who has true resolves, whose sport is creation, sustentation and dissolution of the entire universe, who is supremely compassionate and who is always of the same form. For these reasons there is no destruction in the case of those who attain Me.
He now elucidates the time-period settled by the Supreme Person's will in regard to the evolution and dissolution of the worlds upto the cosmic sphere of Brahma and of those who are within them.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
8.16. Till the Brahman [is attained], people do return from [each and every] world, O Arjuna ! But there is no rirth for one who has attained Me, O son of Kunti !
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
8.16 आब्रह्मभुवनात् up to the world of Brahma? लोकाः worlds? पुनरावर्तिनः subject to return? अर्जुन O Arjuna? माम् Me? उपेत्य having attained? तु but? कौन्तेय O Kaunteya? पुनर्जन्म rirth? न not? विद्यते is.Commentary Those devotees who practise Daharopasana (a kind of meditation on the mystic space in the heart) and other devotees who reach Brahmaloka through the path of the gods (Devayana) and attain gradual liberation (KramaMukti) will not return again to this world. But those who reach Brahmaloka through the practice of the Panchagni Vidya (a ritual) will enjoy life in Brahmaloka and come back to this world.All the worlds are subjected to return because they are limited or conditioned by time.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
8.16 O Arjuna, all the lokah, worlds; abrahma-bhuvanat, together with the world of Brahma-bhuvana is that (place) in which creatures are born, and brahma-bhuvana means the world of Brahma; punah avartinah, are subject to return, are by nature liable to come again; Tu, but; kaunteya, O son of Kunti, na vidyate, there is no; punarjanma, rirth; upetya, after reaching; mam, Me alone.
Why are all the worlds together with the realm of Brahma subject to return? Becuase they are limited by time. How?
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
8.16 All the worlds, from the realm of Brahma included in the Brahmanda (cosmic sphere), are spheres in which experiences conferring Aisvarya (prosperity and power) can be obtained. But they are destructible and those who attain them are subject to return. Therefore destruction, i.e., return is unavoidable for the aspirants for Aisvarya, as the regions where it is attained perish. On the contrary there is no rirth to those who attain Me, the Omniscient, who has true resolves, whose sport is creation, sustentation and dissolution of the entire universe, who is supremely compassionate and who is always of the same form. For these reasons there is no destruction in the case of those who attain Me.
He now elucidates the time-period settled by the Supreme Person's will in regard to the evolution and dissolution of the worlds upto the cosmic sphere of Brahma and of those who are within them.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
8.16 A Brhma etc. [This verse] has been interpreted by all as 'There is rirth even for those who have reached the world of Brhma (the personal god).' If this interpretation is accepted, then it would amount to the proposition that going to the worlds that are higher than that [of Brahma], is emancipation [from rirth]. However according to us, with our inner sight blurred by the powerful darkness of doubt, this interpretation does not seem to touch the heart [of the text]. Hence, the following is the wick of the lamp brought from the Agama literature : Till Brahman : Till the status of the Supreme Brahman is attained. Till then all are subject to return (to rirth) from each and every world, whether it lies adjacently, or above or below [the world of Brahman]; men run round like a wheel wandering without stop from one place to another.
But who knows in this manner viz., 'from all the world there is return' ? For, it is heard [in the Puranas] that [the personal gods like] Brahma etc., themselves exist indeed for a very long period. How is it that they too are subject to return again ? If they are subject to return, will they not be of the nature of having birth and death ? Expecting this objection, [the Lord] says :
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।8.16।। गीताचार्य श्रीकृष्ण की किसी सिद्धांत को बल देकर समझाने की अपनी विशेष पद्धति यह है कि वे उस सिद्धांत को उसके विरोधी तथ्य की पृष्ठभूमि में प्रस्तुत करते हैं। गीता में प्रायः इस पद्धति का उपयोग किया गया है। इस श्लोक में भी परस्पर दो विरोधी तथ्यों को एक साथ व्यक्त किया गया है जिससे कोई भी विद्यार्थी उन्हें तुलनात्मक दृष्टि से स्पष्ट समझ सकता है। प्रथम पंक्ति में कहा गया है कि ब्रह्मलोक तक के सब लोक पुनरावर्ती हैं। इसके विपरीत जो पुरुष आत्मा का साक्षात अनुभव करते हैं वे मुझे प्राप्त होकर पुनर्जन्म को नहीं प्राप्त होते।वेदान्त में क्रममुक्ति का एक सिद्धांत प्रतिपादित है। इसके अनुसार जो पुरुष वैदिक कर्म एवं उपासना का युगपत् (एक साथ) अनुष्ठान करता है वह कर्म और उपासना के इस समुच्चय के फलस्वरूप ब्रह्मलोक अर्थात् सृष्टिकर्त्ता के लोक को प्राप्त करता है। यहाँ कल्प की समाप्ति पर ब्रह्मा जी के उपदेश से परब्रह्म के साथ एकरूप हो जाता है अर्थात् मुक्त हो जाता है। इस ब्रह्मलोक में भी मुक्ति का अधिकारी बनने के लिए उसे आत्मसंयम ब्रह्मा जी के उपदेश का पालन तथा आत्मविचार करना आवश्यक होता है। तभी अज्ञान जनित बन्धन से उसकी पूर्ण मुक्ति हो सकती है। जो जीव ब्रह्मलोक तक नहीं पहुँच पाते वे मोक्ष का आनन्द नहीं अनुभव कर सकते। कल्प की समाप्ति पर उन्हें अवशिष्ट कर्मों के अनुसार पुनः किसी देह विशेष को धारण करना पड़ता है। इसी सिद्धांत को दृष्टि में रखते हुए भगवान् कहते हैं कि ब्रह्मलोक तक के सभी लोकों को प्राप्त हुए जीवों को पुनः जन्म लेना पड़ता है। किन्तु ब्रह्मलोक को प्राप्त करने पर अधिकारी जीव मुक्त हो जाता है।परन्तु वर्तमान जीवन में ही जिन्होंने अपने वास्तविक नित्य स्वरूप का साक्षात् अनुभव कर लिया है वे एक सर्वव्यापी आत्मस्वरूप मुझे प्राप्त होकर पुनः संसार को प्राप्त नहीं होते। स्वप्न से जाग्रत अवस्था में आने पर जाग्रत पुरुष पुनः स्वप्न में प्रवेश नहीं करता जागने का अर्थ है सदा के लिए स्वप्न में अनुभव किये सुख और दुःख से मुक्त हो जाना। जाग्रत पुरुष को (मुक्त को) प्राप्त होकर साधक स्वप्न (संसार) को पुनः लौटता नहीं।
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 16 of 28 in Chapter 8 · Akṣara-Brahma-Yoga (The Yoga of the Imperishable Brahman)
- Chapter theme: Cosmic-time · Brahmā's day · death-yoga · Devayāna vs Pitṛyāna
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TAT-Ṣaṭka (BG 7-12 · the Lord)
- Chapter hub: /cosmic-time
🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)