🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 5.1

Chapter 5 · कर्मसंन्यासयोग · Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga · "The Yoga of Action-Renunciation" · Verse 1 of 29

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अर्जुन उवाच

संन्यासं कर्मणां कृष्ण पुनर्योगं च शंससि।

यच्छ्रेय एतयोरेकं तन्मे ब्रूहि सुनिश्िचतम्।।5.1।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 5.1 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
5.1 "Arjuna said: My Lord! At one moment Thou praisest renunciation of action; at another, right action. Tell me truly, I pray, which of these is the more conducive to my highest welfare?
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
5.1 Arjuna said Renunciation of actions, O Krishna, Thou praisest, and again Yoga. Tell me conclusively that which is the better of the two.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
5.1 (O Krsna,) samsasi, You praise, i.e. speak of; sannyasam, renunciation; karmanam, of actions, of performance of various kinds of rites enjoined by the scriptures; punah ca, and again; You praise yogam, yoga, the obligatory performance of those very rites! Therefore I have a doubt as to which is better-Is the performance of actions better, or their rejection? And that which is better should be undertaken. And hence, bruhi, tell; mam, me; suniscitam, for certain, as the one intended by You; tat ekam, that one-one of the two, since performance of the two together by the same person is impossible; yat, which; is sreyah, better, more commendable; etayoh, between these two, between the renunciation of actions and the performance of actions [Ast. reads karma-yoga-anusthana (performance of Karma-yoga) in place of karma-anusthana (performance of actions).-Tr.], by undertaking which you think I shall acire what is beneficial. While stating His own opinion in order to arrive at a conclusion-
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
5.1 Arjuna said 'You praise the renunciation of actions, i.e., Jnana Yoga at one time, and next Karma Yoga'. This is what is objected to: In the second chapter, you have said that Karma Yoga alone should be practised first by an aspirant for release; and that the vision of the self should be achieved by means of Jnana Yoga by one whose mind has its blemishes washed away by Karma Yoga. Again, in the third and fourth chapters, you have praised Karma Yoga or devotion to Karma as better than Jnana Yoga even for one who has attained the stage of Jnana Yoga, and that, as a means of attaining the self, it (Karma Yoga) is independent of Jnana Yoga. Therefore, of these two, Jnana Yoga and Karma Yoga - tell me precisely which by itself is superior, i.e., most excellent, being more easy to practise, and icker to confer the vision of the self.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
5.1. Arjuna said O krsna, you commend renunciation of action and again the Yoga of action; which one of these two is superior [to the other] ? Please tell me that for certain.

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
5.1 संन्यासम् renunciation? कर्मणाम् of actions? कृष्ण O Krishna? पुनः again? योगम् Yoga? च and? शंससि (Thou) praisest? यत् which? श्रेयः better? एतयोः of these two? एकम् one? तत् that? मे to me? ब्रूहि tell? सुनिश्चितम् conclusively.Commentary Thou teachest renunciation of actions and also their performance. This has confused me. Tell decisively now which is better. It is not possible for a man to resort to both of them at the same time. Yoga here means Karma Yoga. (Cf.III.2)
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
5.1 (O Krsna,) samsasi, You praise, i.e. speak of; sannyasam, renunciation; karmanam, of actions, of performance of various kinds of rites enjoined by the scriptures; punah ca, and again; You praise yogam, yoga, the obligatory performance of those very rites! Therefore I have a doubt as to which is better-Is the performance of actions better, or their rejection? And that which is better should be undertaken. And hence, bruhi, tell; mam, me; suniscitam, for certain, as the one intended by You; tat ekam, that one-one of the two, since performance of the two together by the same person is impossible; yat, which; is sreyah, better, more commendable; etayoh, between these two, between the renunciation of actions and the performance of actions [Ast. reads karma-yoga-anusthana (performance of Karma-yoga) in place of karma-anusthana (performance of actions).-Tr.], by undertaking which you think I shall acire what is beneficial. While stating His own opinion in order to arrive at a conclusion-
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
5.1 Arjuna said 'You praise the renunciation of actions, i.e., Jnana Yoga at one time, and next Karma Yoga'. This is what is objected to: In the second chapter, you have said that Karma Yoga alone should be practised first by an aspirant for release; and that the vision of the self should be achieved by means of Jnana Yoga by one whose mind has its blemishes washed away by Karma Yoga. Again, in the third and fourth chapters, you have praised Karma Yoga or devotion to Karma as better than Jnana Yoga even for one who has attained the stage of Jnana Yoga, and that, as a means of attaining the self, it (Karma Yoga) is independent of Jnana Yoga. Therefore, of these two, Jnana Yoga and Karma Yoga - tell me precisely which by itself is superior, i.e., most excellent, being more easy to practise, and icker to confer the vision of the self.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
5.1 Samnyasam etc. Is renunciation superior or Yoga ? this is the estion of the doubting person (Arjuna).
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।5.1।। अर्जुन के इस प्रश्न से स्पष्ट होता है कि अनजाने में ही वह अपनी नैराश्य अवस्था से बहुत कुछ मुक्त हुआ भगवान् के उपदेश को ध्यानपूर्वक श्रवण करके विचार भी करने लगा था। स्वभाव से क्रियाशील होने के कारण अर्जुन को कर्मयोग रुचिकर तथा स्वीकार्य था। परन्तु अनेक स्थानों पर श्रीकृष्ण द्वारा अन्य यज्ञों की अपेक्षा ज्ञान अथवा कर्मसंन्यास को अधिक श्रेष्ठ प्रतिपादित करने से अर्जुन के मन में सन्देह उत्पन्न हुआ और यही कारण था कि वह स्वयं के लिए किसी मार्ग का निश्चय नहीं कर सका। अत इसका निश्चय कराना ही अर्जुन के प्रश्न का प्रयोजन है।और एक बात यह भी है कि मानसिक उन्माद का रोगी उस रोग के प्रभाव से कुछ मुक्त होने पर भी शीघ्र ही पूर्ण आत्मविश्वास नहीं जुटा पाता। यह सबका अनुभव है कि भयंकर स्वप्न से जागे हुए व्यक्ति को पुन संयमित होकर निद्रा अवस्था में आने के उपक्रम में कुछ समय लग जाता है। अर्जुन की ठीक ऐसी ही स्थिति थी। मानसिक तनाव एवं उन्माद की स्थिति से बाहर आने पर भी अपने सारथी श्रीकृष्ण के उपदेश को पूर्णरूप से समझने तथा विचार करने में वह स्वयं को असमर्थ पा रहा था। अर्जुन इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचा था कि भगवान् उसके सामने कर्मयोग तथा कर्मसंन्यास के रूप में दो विकल्प प्रस्तुत कर रहे हैं। अत वह श्रीकृष्ण से यह जानना चाहता है कि उसके आत्मकल्याण के लिये इन दोनों में से कौन सा एक निश्चित मार्ग अनुकरणीय है। इस अध्याय का प्रयोजन यह बताने का है कि ये दो मार्ग विकल्प रूप नहीं है और न ही परस्पर पूरक होते हुये युगपत अनुष्ठेय हैं।कर्मयोग तथा कर्मसंन्यास इनका इसी क्रम में आचरण करना है और न कि एक साथ दोनों का। यही इस अध्याय का विषय है।

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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)