🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 4.19

Chapter 4 · ज्ञानकर्मसंन्यासयोग · Jñāna-Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga · "The Yoga of Knowledge & Action-Renunciation" · Verse 19 of 42

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यस्य सर्वे समारम्भाः कामसङ्कल्पवर्जिताः।

ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणं तमाहुः पण्डितं बुधाः।।4.19।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 4.19 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
4.19 The wise call him a sage, for whatever he undertakes is free from the motive of desire, and his deeds are purified by the fire of Wisdom.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
4.19 He whose undertakings are all devoid of desires and (selfish) purposes and whose actions have been burnt by the fire of knowledge, him the wise call a sage.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
4.19 Budhah, the wise, the knowers of Brahman; ahuh, call; tam, him; panditam, learned, in the real sense; yasya, whose, of the one who perceives as stated above; samarambhah, actions-whatever are undertaken; are sarve, all; kama-sankalpa-varjitah, devoid of desires and the thoughts which are their (desires') causes (see 2.62)-i.e., (those actions) are performed as mere movements, without any selfish purpose: if they are performed by one (already) engaged in actions, then they are for preventing people from going astray, and if they are done by one who has withdrawn from actions, then they are merely for the maintenance of the body-; and jnanagni-dagdha-karmanam, whose actions have been burnt away by the fire of wisdom. Finding inaction etc. in action etc. is jnana, wisdom; that itself is agnih, fire. He whose actions, karma, described as good and bad, have been dagdhani, burnt away by that fire of wisdom, is jnana-agni-dagdha-karma. However, one who is a perceiver of 'inaction' etc. [Perceiver of inaction etc.: He who knows the truth about action and inaction as explained before.-Tr.] is free from actions owing to the very fact of his seeing 'inaction' etc. He is a monk, who acts merely for the purpose of maintaining the body. Being so, he does not engage in actions although he might have done so before the dawn of discrimination. He again who, having been engaged in actions under the influence of past tendencies, later on becomes endowed with the fullest Self-knowledge, he surely renounces (all) [Ast. adds this word sarva, all.-Tr.] actions along with their accessories as he does nnot find any purpose in activity. For some reason, if it becomes impossible to renounce actions and he, for the sake of preventing people from going astray, even remains engaged as before in actions-without attachment to those actions and their results because of the absence of any selfish purpose-, still he surely does nothing at all! His actions verily become 'inaction' because of having been burnt away by the fire of wisdom. By way of pointing out this idea, the Lord says:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
4.19 In the case of an aspirant for release, all undertakings of actions in the form of obligatory, occasional and desiderative acts accomplished through the acisition of materials for their performance as also other works, are free from desire, i.e., are devoid of attachment to fruits. They are devoid of delusive identification. If the mind identifies the self with Prakrti and its Gunas, it is Sankalpa, i.e., 'delusive identification.' Genuine Karma Yoga is free from such identification. Such identification is overcome through contemplation on the real nature of the self as different from Prakrti. Those who know the truth call him a sage, who acts in this way and whose previous Karmas are thery burnt up by the fire of knowledge of the real nature of the self generated along with his actions. He is a true Karma Yogin. Thus that knowledge is involved in true Karma Yoga, is established. Sri Krsna elaborates this point again:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
4.19. He, whose every exertion is devoid of intention for the desirable objects, and whose actions are burnt up by the fire of wisdom-him the wise call a man of learning.

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
4.19 यस्य whose? सर्वे all? समारम्भाः undertakings? कामसङ्कल्पवर्जिताः devoid of desires and purposes? ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणम् whose actions have been burnt by the fire of knowledge? तम् him? आहुः call? पण्डितम् a sage? बुधाः the wise.Commentary A sage performs actions only with a view to set an example to the masses. Though he works? he does nothing as he has no selfish interests? as his actions are burnt by the fire of wisdom which consists in the realisaion of inaction in action? through the knowledge of the Self or BrahmaJnana. BrahmaJnana is a mighty spiritual fire which consumes the results of all kinds of actions (Karmas)? good and bad? and makes the enlightened sage ite free from the bonds of action. The sage who leads a life of perfect renunciation does only what is reired for the bare existence of his body. (Cf.III.19IV.10IV.37).
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
4.19 Budhah, the wise, the knowers of Brahman; ahuh, call; tam, him; panditam, learned, in the real sense; yasya, whose, of the one who perceives as stated above; samarambhah, actions-whatever are undertaken; are sarve, all; kama-sankalpa-varjitah, devoid of desires and the thoughts which are their (desires') causes (see 2.62)-i.e., (those actions) are performed as mere movements, without any selfish purpose: if they are performed by one (already) engaged in actions, then they are for preventing people from going astray, and if they are done by one who has withdrawn from actions, then they are merely for the maintenance of the body-; and jnanagni-dagdha-karmanam, whose actions have been burnt away by the fire of wisdom. Finding inaction etc. in action etc. is jnana, wisdom; that itself is agnih, fire. He whose actions, karma, described as good and bad, have been dagdhani, burnt away by that fire of wisdom, is jnana-agni-dagdha-karma. However, one who is a perceiver of 'inaction' etc. [Perceiver of inaction etc.: He who knows the truth about action and inaction as explained before.-Tr.] is free from actions owing to the very fact of his seeing 'inaction' etc. He is a monk, who acts merely for the purpose of maintaining the body. Being so, he does not engage in actions although he might have done so before the dawn of discrimination. He again who, having been engaged in actions under the influence of past tendencies, later on becomes endowed with the fullest Self-knowledge, he surely renounces (all) [Ast. adds this word sarva, all.-Tr.] actions along with their accessories as he does nnot find any purpose in activity. For some reason, if it becomes impossible to renounce actions and he, for the sake of preventing people from going astray, even remains engaged as before in actions-without attachment to those actions and their results because of the absence of any selfish purpose-, still he surely does nothing at all! His actions verily become 'inaction' because of having been burnt away by the fire of wisdom. By way of pointing out this idea, the Lord says:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
4.19 In the case of an aspirant for release, all undertakings of actions in the form of obligatory, occasional and desiderative acts accomplished through the acisition of materials for their performance as also other works, are free from desire, i.e., are devoid of attachment to fruits. They are devoid of delusive identification. If the mind identifies the self with Prakrti and its Gunas, it is Sankalpa, i.e., 'delusive identification.' Genuine Karma Yoga is free from such identification. Such identification is overcome through contemplation on the real nature of the self as different from Prakrti. Those who know the truth call him a sage, who acts in this way and whose previous Karmas are thery burnt up by the fire of knowledge of the real nature of the self generated along with his actions. He is a true Karma Yogin. Thus that knowledge is involved in true Karma Yoga, is established. Sri Krsna elaborates this point again:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
4.19 Yasya etc. The actions, performed without intention for the desirable objects, - i.e., the fruits desired for - are burnt up by putting them into the fire of wisdom, the nature of which has been earlier described , and also is to be described in the seel.
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।4.19।। जिस पुरुष के सभी कर्म कामना और फलों के संकल्प (आसक्ति) से रहित होते हैं वह पुरुष सन्त या आत्मानुभवी कहलाता है। भविष्य में विषयोपभोग के द्वारा सुख पाने की बुद्धि की योजना को कामना कहते हंै। यह योजना बनाना स्वयं की स्वतन्त्रता को सीमित करना ही है। कामना करने का अर्थ है कि परिस्थितियों को अपने अनुकूल होने का आग्रह करना। इस प्रकार प्राप्त परिस्थितियों से सदा असन्तुष्ट रहते हुये भविष्य में उन्हें अनुकूल बनाने के प्रयत्न में हम अपने आप को भ्रमित करके अनेक विघ्नों का सामना करते रहते हैं। कर्म करने की यह पद्धति कर्त्ता के आनन्द और प्रेरणा का हरण कर लेती है।हम इस पर पहले ही विचार कर चुके हैं कि फलासक्ति किस प्रकार हमारी शक्तियों को नष्ट कर देती है। कर्मफल सदैव भविष्य में मिलता है इसलिए उसकी चिन्ता करने का तात्पर्य वर्तमान से पलायन करके अनुत्पन्न भविष्य में जीना है। यह नियम है कि कारणों अर्थात् कर्मों के अनुरूप ही कर्मफल मिलता है अत निश्चित रूप से सफलता पाने का एक मात्र उपाय है वर्तमान काल में पूरी लगन से कार्य करना।यहाँ कहा गया है कि ज्ञानी पुरुष के सब कर्म काम और संकल्प से रहित होते हैं। प्रकरण के सन्दर्भ में इन दो शब्दों को ठीक से समझने की आवश्यकता है क्योंकि केवल शाब्दिक अर्थ लेने से यह कथन अत्यन्त अनुपयुक्त होगा। भगवान् के कथन से कोई यह न समझ ले कि समत्व में स्थित ज्ञानी पुरुष अपने स्फूर्त कर्मों में इष्ट फल पाने के लिए अपनी बुद्धि का उपयोग नहीं करता है। इसका आशय इतना ही है कि वह कर्म करते समय काल्पनिक भय चिन्ता आदि में अपने मन की शक्ति विनष्ट नहीं करता। वेदान्त मनुष्य की बुद्धि की उपेक्षा नहीं करता है। गीता में उपदिष्ट जीवन यापन का मार्ग तो हमें वह साधन प्रदान करता है कि हम अधिकाधिक कुशलतापूर्वक कर्म करके अपनी क्षमताओं का पूर्ण उपयोग करते हुए अपने कार्य क्षेत्र में सर्वोच्च सफलता प्राप्त करें।जो व्यक्ति बुद्धिमत्तापूर्वक जीने और कुशलतापूर्वक काम करने की कला को सीख लेता है वह कर्म करने में ही आनन्द को पाकर उसी में रम जाता है। किसी दिव्य और श्रेष्ठ लक्ष्य के अभाव के कारण ही हमारा मन अनेक चिन्ताओं से ग्रस्त रहता है। ज्ञानी पुरुष का मन दिव्य चैतन्यस्वरूप में स्थित रहने के कारण जगत् में सब प्रकार के कर्म करते हुए भी वह आनन्द का ही अनुभव करता है।ज्ञानी पुरुष की मनस्थिति के वर्णन का प्रयोजन अर्जुन जैसे साधकों के लिए साधन मार्ग का निर्देश करना है। अर्जुन के निमित्त दिया भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण का यह उपदेश सभी कालों के साधकों के लिए भी अनुकरणीय है।यदि हमारा पुत्र चिकित्सक बनना चाहता है तो हम उसे अन्य चिकित्सकों के संघर्ष की कहानी बताते हैं जिससे उत्तम चिकित्सक बनने के लिए आवश्यक गुणों को वह अर्जित कर सके। इसी प्रकार यहाँ ज्ञानी पुरुष के स्वाभाविक लक्षण बताकर भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुन को साधन मार्ग में प्रवृत्त करते हैं जिससे वह जीवन के लक्ष्य तक पहुँच सके।उपर्युक्त लक्षणों से युक्त ज्ञानी पुरुष समाज के लिए कर्म करता हुआ भी वास्तव में कुछ कर्म नहीं करता है। उसके कर्म अकर्म तुल्य ही हैं क्योंकि ज्ञानाग्नि से उसके कर्म (अर्थात् बन्धन के कारणभूत अहंकार और स्वार्थ) भस्म हो चुके होते हैं यह सात्त्विक स्थिति की चरम सीमा है। भगवान् कहते हैं

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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)