🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 4.17

Chapter 4 · ज्ञानकर्मसंन्यासयोग · Jñāna-Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga · "The Yoga of Knowledge & Action-Renunciation" · Verse 17 of 42

← BG 4.16↑ Chapter 4 hub · Bhagavad-Gītā indexBG 4.18 →
कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः।

अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः।।4.17।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 4.17 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
4.17 It is necessary to consider what is right action, what is wrong action, and what is inaction, for mysterious is the law of action.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
4.17 For verily (the true nature) of action (enjoined by the scriptures) should be known, also (that) of forbidden (or unlawful) action, and of inaction; hard to understand is the nature (path) of action.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
4.17 Hi, for; there is something boddhavyam, to be known; api, even; karmanah, about action enjoined by the scriptures; and there is certainly something to be known vikarmanah, about prohibited action; so, also, there is something to be known akarmanah, about inaction, about sitting ietly. (The words 'there is' are to be supplied in all the three cases.) Because gatih, the true nature, i.e. the essential nature; karmanah, of action-implying karma etc., viz action, prohibited action and inaction; is gahana, inscrutable, hard to understand. 'What, again, is the essential nature of action etc. which has to be understood, and about which it was promised, "I shall tell you৷৷." (16)?' This is being stated:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
4.17 There is something which ought to be known in regard to action (Karma) which forms the means of attaining release. So also is the case in regard to 'multi-form or varied forms of action' (Vikarma). These are what have acired variegation as obligatory, occasional and desire-prompted works reiring numerous reisites. There is also something to be known about non-action, i.e., knowledge of the self. Therefore, deep, i.e., difficult to understand, is the way of action to be pursued by the seeker after release. What should be known as regards multi-form or variegated forms of Karma is that the attribution of differences leading to differences of fruits in obligatory, occasional and desire-prompted rites and acisition of things reired for their performace, etc., must be renounced, realising that the Sastras aim at only one result, i.e., release (and not several results said to accrue from these works). This has been declared in connection with the teaching, 'The resolute mind is one-pointed' (2.41) and is not elaborated here. Sri Krsna explains what must be known in regard to action and non-action.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
4.17. Something has got to be understand of [good] action also; and something is to be understood of the wrong action; and something is to be understood of non-action. Difficult is to comprehend the way of action.

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।4.17।। कर्मका तत्त्व भी जानना चाहिये और अकर्मका तत्त्व भी जानना चाहिये तथा विकर्मका तत्त्व भी जानना चाहिये; क्योंकि कर्मकी गति गहन है।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
4.17 कर्मणः of action? हि for? अपि also? बोद्धव्यम् should be known? बोद्धव्यम् should be known? च and? विकर्मणः of the forbidden action? अकर्मणः of inaction? च and? बोद्धव्यम् should be known? गहना deep? कर्मणः of action? गतिः the path.No Commentary.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
4.17 Hi, for; there is something boddhavyam, to be known; api, even; karmanah, about action enjoined by the scriptures; and there is certainly something to be known vikarmanah, about prohibited action; so, also, there is something to be known akarmanah, about inaction, about sitting ietly. (The words 'there is' are to be supplied in all the three cases.) Because gatih, the true nature, i.e. the essential nature; karmanah, of action-implying karma etc., viz action, prohibited action and inaction; is gahana, inscrutable, hard to understand. 'What, again, is the essential nature of action etc. which has to be understood, and about which it was promised, "I shall tell you৷৷." (16)?' This is being stated:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
4.17 There is something which ought to be known in regard to action (Karma) which forms the means of attaining release. So also is the case in regard to 'multi-form or varied forms of action' (Vikarma). These are what have acired variegation as obligatory, occasional and desire-prompted works reiring numerous reisites. There is also something to be known about non-action, i.e., knowledge of the self. Therefore, deep, i.e., difficult to understand, is the way of action to be pursued by the seeker after release. What should be known as regards multi-form or variegated forms of Karma is that the attribution of differences leading to differences of fruits in obligatory, occasional and desire-prompted rites and acisition of things reired for their performace, etc., must be renounced, realising that the Sastras aim at only one result, i.e., release (and not several results said to accrue from these works). This has been declared in connection with the teaching, 'The resolute mind is one-pointed' (2.41) and is not elaborated here. Sri Krsna explains what must be known in regard to action and non-action.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
4.16-17 Kim karma etc. Karmanah etc. The classification of [good] action and non-action is difficult to comprehend. That is to say there is bad action even among the action that has been ordained [in the scriptures], just as the animal-slaughter in the [pious] Agnistoma sacrifice. Again, even in the midst of action, that goes against [the scripture], there is auspicious action; for example there is an end for the trouble of the people in the act of killing a murderous animal. Even in the case of non-performance of action, there do exist [both] the auspicious and inauspicious acts; for there will be necessarily [some] acts performed by the sense of speech and by the mind as they are difficult to avoid without wisdom. Therefore on account of its mysterious nature, even hte experts have not properly understood the action as : 'Prosperity would be for as by this [particular] auspicious action; and emancipation would be for us by that [particular] non-undertaking of [certain] actions'. Therefore, it is the fire of wisdom taught in the seel, that alone is capable of positively burning down the fuel of all the auspicious and inauspicious actions; and hence that is to be sought after as a refuge. This is what is intended by the Bhagavat. In order to calrify the same, [the Lord] says -
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।4.17।। जीवन क्रियाशील है। क्रिया की समाप्ति ही मृत्यु का आगमन है। क्रियाशील जीवन में ही हम उत्थान और पतन को प्राप्त हो सकते हैं। एक स्थान पर स्थिर जल सड़ता और दुर्गन्ध फैलाता है जबकि सरिता का प्रवाहित जल सदा स्वच्छ और शुद्ध बना रहता है। जीवन शक्ति की उपस्थिति में कर्मो का आत्यन्तिक अभाव नहीं हो सकता।चूँकि मनुष्य को जीवनपर्यन्त क्रियाशील रहना आवश्यक है इसलिये प्राचीन मनीषियों ने जीवन के सभी सम्भाव्य कर्मों का अध्ययन किया क्योंकि वे जीवन का मूल्यांकन उसके पूर्णरूप में करना चाहते थे। निम्नांकित तालिका में उनके द्वारा किये गये कर्मों का वर्गीकरण दिया हुआ है।क्रिया ही जीवन है। निष्क्रियता से उन्नति और अधोगति दोनों ही सम्भव नहीं। गहन निद्रा अथवा मृत्यु की कर्म शून्य अवस्था मनुष्य के विकास में न साधक है न बाधक।कर्म के क्षण मनुष्य का निर्माण करते हैं। यह निर्माण इस बात पर निर्भर करता है कि हम कौन से कर्मों को अपने हाथों में लेकर करते हैं। प्राचीन ऋषियों के अनुसार कर्म दो प्रकार के होते हैं निर्माणकारी (कर्तव्य) और विनाशकारी (निषिद्ध)। इस श्लोक के कर्म शब्द में मनुष्य के विकास में साधक के निर्माणकारी कर्तव्य कर्मों का ही समावेश है। जिन कर्मों से मनुष्य अपने मनुष्यत्व से नीचे गिर जाता है उन कर्मों को यहाँ विकर्म कहा है जिन्हें शास्त्रों ने निषिद्ध कर्म का नाम दिया है।कर्तव्य कर्मों का फिर तीन प्रकार से वर्गीकरण किया गया है और वे हैं नित्य नैमित्तिक और काम्य। जिन कर्मों को प्रतिदिन करना आवश्यक है वे नित्य कर्म तथा किसी कारण विशेष से करणीय कर्मों को नैमित्तिक कर्म कहा जाता है। इन दो प्रकार के कर्मों को करना अनिवार्य है। किसी फल विशेष को पाने के लिए उचित साधन का उपयोग कर जो कर्म किया जाता है उसे काम्य कर्म कहते हैं जैसे पुत्र या स्वर्ग पाने के लिये किया गया कर्म। यह सबके लिये अनिवार्य नहीं होता।आत्मविकास के लिये विकर्म का सर्वथा त्याग और कर्तव्य का सभी परिस्थितियों में पालन करना चाहिये। वैज्ञानिक पद्धति से किये हुए इस विश्लेषण में श्रीकृष्ण अकर्म की पूरी तरह उपेक्षा करते हैं।यह आवश्यक है कि अपने भौतिक अभ्युदय तथा आध्यात्मिक उन्नति के इच्छुक साधक कर्मों के इस वर्गीकरण को भली प्रकार समझें।भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण इस बात को स्वीकार करते हैं कि कर्मों के इस विश्लेषण के बाद भी सामान्य मनुष्य को कर्मअकर्म का विवेक करना सहज नहीं होता क्योंकि कर्म की गति गहन है।उपर्युक्त कथन से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि कर्म का मूल्यांकन केवल उसके वाह्य स्वरूप को देखकर नहीं बल्कि उसके उद्देश्य को भी ध्यान में रखते हुये करना चाहिये। उद्देश्य की श्रेष्ठता एवं शुचिता से उस व्यक्ति विशेष के कर्म श्रेष्ठ एवं पवित्र होंगे। इस प्रकार कर्म के स्वरूप का निश्चय करने में जब व्यक्ति का इतना प्राधान्य है तो भगवान् का यह कथन है कि कर्म की गति गहन है अत्यन्त उचित है।कर्म और अकर्म के विषय में और विशेष क्या जानना है इस पर कहते हैं

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
4.17।। व्याख्या--'कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यम्'-- कर्म करते हुए निर्लिप्त रहना ही कर्मके तत्त्वको जानना है, जिसका वर्णन आगे अठारहवें श्लोकमें 'कर्मण्यकर्म यः पश्येत्' पदोंसे किया गया है।कर्म स्वरूपसे एक दीखनेपर भी अन्तःकरणके भावके अनुसार उसके तीन भेद हो जाते हैं--कर्म, अकर्म और विकर्म। सकामभावसे की गयी शास्त्रविहित क्रिया 'कर्म' बन जाती है। फलेच्छा, ममता और आसक्तिसे रहित होकर केवल दूसरोंके हितके लिये किया गया कर्म 'अकर्म' बन जाता है। विहित कर्म भी यदि दूसरेका हित करने अथवा उसे दुःख पहुँचानेके भावसे किया गया हो तो वह भी 'विकर्म' बन जाता है। निषिद्ध कर्म तो 'विकर्म' है ही।

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BG 4.17local Bhagavad-Gītā verse route and source-anchor sectionChapter 4 hubJñāna-Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga · The Yoga of Knowledge & Action-RenunciationMBh 6.26.17exact Bhīṣma-Parva source route for this Gītā verse/bhagavad-gitamaster index for all 18 chapters and 701 verse routesBhīṣma-ParvaMahābhārata narrative home where the Bhagavad-Gītā is received/mahabharatafull Itihāsa source spine for Vyāsa Maharṣi's MahābhārataBG 1 · Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaBG 2 · Sāṅkhya YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Sāṅkhya YogaBG 3 · Karma YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma YogaBG 5 · Karma-Sannyāsa YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma-Sannyāsa YogaBG 6 · Dhyāna YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Dhyāna YogaBG 7 · Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)TAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)BG 8 · Akṣara-Brahma YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Akṣara-Brahma YogaBG 9 · Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaBG 10 · Vibhūti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Vibhūti YogaBG 11 · Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaBG 12 · Bhakti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Bhakti YogaBG 13 · Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaBG 14 · Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaBG 15 · Puruṣottama YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Puruṣottama YogaBG 16 · Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaBG 17 · Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaBG 18 · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)ANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)BG 2.47niṣkāma-karma-yoga action disciplineBG 4.34praṇipāta · paripraśna · sevā before tattva-darśī teachersBG 7.7mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat · no source higher than KrishnaBG 9.17Krishna as father, mother, supporter, and grandfatherBG 10.30Krishna as Time among reckonersBG 13.23Paramātmā as witness, permitter, supporter, enjoyer, and LordBG 15.15Krishna seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetfulnessBG 18.61Īśvara situated in the heart of all beingsBG 18.66Carama-Śloka surrender discipline and final refuge/vishwaroopa-darshanaall 18 Gītā chapters rendered as one chart-aware darśana/vishvarupa-chartBG 11 chart-as-Viśvarūpa-darśana aperture/bija-sutrasfounder-curated bīja-pada exposition layer inside selected Gītā verse pages/binduDiamond of Darśanas frame for Gītā source recognition/philosophyKrishna = Paramaatma = Parabrahman constitutional foundation/llms.txtbrief AI-agent source map/llms-full.txtcomprehensive AI-agent access map
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Chicago: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 4.17." Vidhyāmitra. Accessed 2026-07-28. https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/4/17.
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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)