🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 4.16

Chapter 4 · ज्ञानकर्मसंन्यासयोग · Jñāna-Karma-Sannyāsa-Yoga · "The Yoga of Knowledge & Action-Renunciation" · Verse 16 of 42

← BG 4.15↑ Chapter 4 hub · Bhagavad-Gītā indexBG 4.17 →
किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः।

तत्ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात्।।4.16।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 4.16 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
4.16 What is action and what is inaction? It is a question which has bewildered the wise. But I will declare unto thee the philosophy of action, and knowing it, thou shalt be free from evil.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
4.16 What is action? What is inaction? As to this even the wise are confused. Therefore I shall teach thee such action (the nature of action and inaction) by knowing which thou shalt be liberated from the evil (of Samsara, the wheel of birth and death).
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
4.16 Kavayah api, even the intelligent; mohitah, are confounded in this subject of action etc.; iti atra, as to; kim karma, what is action; and kim akarma, what is inaction. Therefore, pravaksyami, I shall tell; te, you; of karma, action; akarma ca, as also of inaction; jnatva, by knowing; yat, which-action etc.; moksyase, you will become free: asubhat, from evil, from transmigration. 'And you should not think thus: What is called karma is the movement of the body etc. as are well-known in the world; and akarma, inaction, is not doing those, (i.e.) sitting ietly. What is there to understand (further) in that regard?' 'Why?' The answer is:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
4.16 What is the form of the action which should be done by an aspirant for liberation? And what is non-action? Knowledge about the true nature of the acting self, is spoken of as non-action. The wise, even the learned scholars, are puzzled, i.e., do not truly know, both these - the proper form of the actions to be performed and the proper form of knowledge included in it. I shall teach you that action which includes knowledge within itself. Knowing, i.e., following it, you will be released from evil, i.e., from the bondage of Samsara. Knowledge about the work to be performed results in its performance. Why is it so difficult to know this Karma? Sri Krsna replies:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
4.16. Even the wise are perplexed about what is action and what is non-action; I shall preperly teach you the action, by knowing which you shall be freed from evil.

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
4.16 किम् what? कर्म action? किम् what? अकर्म inaction? इति thus? कवयः wise? अपि also? अत्र in this? मोहिताः (are) deluded? तत् that? ते to thee? कर्म action? प्रवक्ष्यामि (I) shall teach? यत् which? ज्ञात्वा having known? मोक्ष्यसे (thou) shalt be liberated? अशुभात् from evil.No Commentary.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
4.16 Kavayah api, even the intelligent; mohitah, are confounded in this subject of action etc.; iti atra, as to; kim karma, what is action; and kim akarma, what is inaction. Therefore, pravaksyami, I shall tell; te, you; of karma, action; akarma ca, as also of inaction; jnatva, by knowing; yat, which-action etc.; moksyase, you will become free: asubhat, from evil, from transmigration. 'And you should not think thus: What is called karma is the movement of the body etc. as are well-known in the world; and akarma, inaction, is not doing those, (i.e.) sitting ietly. What is there to understand (further) in that regard?' 'Why?' The answer is:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
4.16 What is the form of the action which should be done by an aspirant for liberation? And what is non-action? Knowledge about the true nature of the acting self, is spoken of as non-action. The wise, even the learned scholars, are puzzled, i.e., do not truly know, both these - the proper form of the actions to be performed and the proper form of knowledge included in it. I shall teach you that action which includes knowledge within itself. Knowing, i.e., following it, you will be released from evil, i.e., from the bondage of Samsara. Knowledge about the work to be performed results in its performance. Why is it so difficult to know this Karma? Sri Krsna replies:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
4.16 See Comment under 4.17
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।4.16।। सामान्य दृष्टि से हम किसी भी प्रकार की शारीरिक क्रिया को कर्म और वैसी क्रिया के अभाव को अकर्म समझते है। दैनिक जीवन के कार्यकलापों के सन्दर्भ में यह परिभाषा योग्य ही है। परन्तु दर्शनशास्त्र के दृष्टिकोण से कर्म और अकर्म के लक्षण भिन्न है।आत्मविकास की दृष्टि से कर्म का तात्पर्य केवल उसका स्थूल रूप जो शरीर द्वारा व्यक्त होता है नहीं समझना चाहिये किन्तु उसके साथ ही उसी कर्म के पीछे जो सूक्ष्म उद्देश्य है उसे भी ध्यान में रखना आवश्यक है। कर्म अपने आप में न अच्छा होता है और न बुरा। कर्म के उद्देश्य से कर्म का स्वरूप निश्चित किया जाता है। जैसे किसी फल की सुन्दरता से ही हम नहीं कह सकते कि वह खाने योग्य है अथवा नहीं क्योंकि वह तो उस फल में निहित तत्त्वों पर निर्भर करता है। उसी प्रकार अत्यन्त श्रेष्ठ प्रतीत होने वाले कर्म भी अपराधपूर्ण हो सकते हैं यदि उनका उद्देश्य निम्नस्तरीय और पापपूर्ण हो।इसलिये यहाँ कहा गया है कि कर्मअकर्म का विवेक करने में कवि लोग भी मोहित होते हैं। आजकल कविता लिखने वाले व्यक्ति को ही कवि कहा जाता है किन्तु पूर्व काल में उपनिषदों के मन्त्र द्रष्टा ऋषियों के लिये अथवा बुद्धिमान् पुरुषों के लिये यह शब्द प्रयुक्त होता था। प्रेरणा प्राप्त कोई भी पुरुष जो श्रेष्ठ सत्य को उद्घाटित करता था सिद्धकवि कहा जाता था।कर्मअकर्म की कठिन समस्या की ओर संकेत करके श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुन को आश्वासन देते हैं कि वे उसे कर्मअकर्म का तत्त्व समझायेंगे जिसे जानकर मनुष्य स्वयं को सांसारिक बन्धनों से मुक्त कर सकता है।यह सर्वविदित है कि कोई भी क्रिया कर्म है और क्रिया का अभाव शान्त बैठना अकर्म है। इसके विषय में और अधिक जानने योग्य क्या बात है इस पर कहते हैं

🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā

← Previous verse · BG 4.15Next verse · BG 4.17 →

🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷

सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)