🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 6.44

Chapter 6 · ध्यानयोग · Dhyāna-Yoga · "The Yoga of Meditation" · Verse 44 of 47

← BG 6.43↑ Chapter 6 hub · Bhagavad-Gītā indexBG 6.45 →
पूर्वाभ्यासेन तेनैव ह्रियते ह्यवशोऽपि सः।

जिज्ञासुरपि योगस्य शब्दब्रह्मातिवर्तते।।6.44।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 6.44 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
6.44 Unconsciously he will return to the practices of his old life; so that he who tries to realise spiritual consciousness is certainly superior to one who only talks of it.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
6.44 By that very former practice he is borne on in spite of himself. Even he who merely wishes to know Yoga goes beyond the Brahmic word.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
6.44 Hi, for; tena eva, by that very; purva-abhyasena, past practice-the powerful habit formed in the past life; hiryate, he, the yogi who had fallen from Yoga, is carried forward; avasah api, even inspite of himself. If he had not committed any act which could be characterized as unrigtheous etc. and more powerful than the tendency created by the practice of Yoga, then he is carried forward by the tendency created by the practice of Yoga. If he had committed any unrighteous act which was more powerful, then, even the tendency born of Yoga gets surely overpowered. But when that is exhausted, the tendency born of Yoga begins to take effect by itself. The idea is that it does not get destroyed, even though it may lie in abeyance over a long period. Jijnasuh api, even a seeker; yogasya, of Yoga from the force of the context, the person implied is a monk who had engaged in the path of Yoga with a desire to known his true nature, but had falled from Yoga-; ;even he, ativartate, trascends-will free himself from; sabda-brahma, the result of the performance of Vedic ritual. What to speak of him who after understanding Yoga, may undertake it with steadfastness! And why is the state of Yoga higher?
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
6.43 - 6.44 There, in that existence, he regains the mental disposition for Yoga that he had in the previous birth. Like one awakened from sleep, he strives again from where he had left before attaining complete success. He strives so as not to be defeated by impediments. This person who has fallen away from Yoga is borne on towards Yoga alone by his previous practice, i.e., by the older practice with regard to Yoga. This power of Yoga is well known. Even a person, who has not engaged in Yoga but has only been desirous of knowing Yoga, i.e., has failed to follow it up, acries once again the same desire to practise Yoga. He then practises Yoga, of which the first stage is Karma Yoga, and transcends Sabda-brahman (or Brahman which is denotable by words). The Sabda-brahman is the Brahman capable of manifesting as gods, men, earth, sky, heaven etc., namely, Prakrti. The meaning is that having been liberated from the bonds of Prakrti, he attains the self which is incapable of being named by such words as gods, men etc., and which comprises solely of knowledge and beatitude. After thus describing the glory of Yoga the verse says:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
6.44. Being not a master of himself, he is dragged only by that former practice (its mental impression); only a seeker of the knowledge of the Yoga passes over what strengthens the [sacred] text.

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · the highest-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition.

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।6.44।। वह (श्रीमानोंके घरमें जन्म लेनेवाला योगभ्रष्ट मनुष्य) भोगोंके परवश होता हुआ भी पूर्वजन्ममें किये हुए अभ्यास-(साधन-) के कारण ही परमात्माकी तरफ खिंच जाता है; क्योंकि योग-(समता-) का जिज्ञासु भी वेदोंमें कहे हुए सकाम कर्मोंका अतिक्रमण कर जाता है।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
6.44 पूर्वाभ्यासेन former practice? तेन by that? एव verily? ह्रियते is borne? हि indeed? अवशः helpless? अपि even? सः he? जिज्ञासुः he who wishes to know Yoga? अपि even? योगस्य of Yoga? शब्दब्रह्म wordBrahman? अतिवर्तते goes beyond.Commentary The man who fell from Yoga is carried to the goal which he intended to reach in his previous birth? by the force of the Samskaras of the practice of Yoga though he may not be conscious of them and even if he may not be willing to adopt the course of Yogic discipline on account of the force of some evil Karma. If he had not done any great evil action which could overwhelm his Yogic tendencies he will certainly continue his Yogic practices in this birth very vigorously through the force of the Yogic Samskaras created by his Yogic practices in his previous birth. If the force of the evil action is stronger? the Yogic tendencies will be overpowered or suppressed for some time. As soon as the fruits of the evil actions are exhausted? the force of the Yogic Samskaras will begin to manifest itself. He will start his Yogic practices vigorously and attain the final beatitude of life.Even an enirer in whom a desire for information about Yoga is kindled goes beyond the Brahmic word? i.e.? the Vedas. He rises superior to the performer of the Vedic rituals and ceremonies. He is beyond the entanglement of forms and ceremonies. He is not satisfied with mere ritualism. He thirsts for a satisfaction higher than that given by the sensual objects. He who simply wishes to know the nature of the principles of Yoga frees himself from the SabdaBrahma? i.e.? from the effects of the Vedic rituals and ceremonies. If this be the case of a simple enirer? how much more exalted should be the condition of a real practitioner or knower of Yoga or of one who is established in Nirvikalpa Samadhi He will be absolutely free from the effects of the Vedic rituals and ceremonies. He will enjoy the eternal bliss and the everlasting peace of the Eternal.An aspirant who is desirous of obtaining Moksha alone is not affected by the sin of nonperformance of action even if he renounces all the obligatory and optional or occasional duties. He goes beyond the word of Brahman (the scripture or the Vedas).When such is the case of an aspirant who is without any spiritual inclinations or Samskaras of the previous birth? how much more exalted will be the state of that student who has done Yogic practices in his previous birth? who has fallen from Yoga in his previous birth? and who has taken up Yoga in this birth? renouncing all the worldly activitiesImpelled by the strong desire for liberation he practises rigorous Sadhana in this birth. He is constrained? as it were? by the force of the good Samskaras of his previous birth to take to Yogic practices in spite of himself.In this verse the Lord lays stress on the fact that no effort in the practice of Yoga goes in vain. Even the smallest effor will have its effect sooner or later in this birth or another. Therefore there is no cause for disappointment even for the dullest type of spiritual aspirant.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
6.44 Hi, for; tena eva, by that very; purva-abhyasena, past practice-the powerful habit formed in the past life; hiryate, he, the yogi who had fallen from Yoga, is carried forward; avasah api, even inspite of himself. If he had not committed any act which could be characterized as unrigtheous etc. and more powerful than the tendency created by the practice of Yoga, then he is carried forward by the tendency created by the practice of Yoga. If he had committed any unrighteous act which was more powerful, then, even the tendency born of Yoga gets surely overpowered. But when that is exhausted, the tendency born of Yoga begins to take effect by itself. The idea is that it does not get destroyed, even though it may lie in abeyance over a long period. Jijnasuh api, even a seeker; yogasya, of Yoga from the force of the context, the person implied is a monk who had engaged in the path of Yoga with a desire to known his true nature, but had falled from Yoga-; ;even he, ativartate, trascends-will free himself from; sabda-brahma, the result of the performance of Vedic ritual. What to speak of him who after understanding Yoga, may undertake it with steadfastness! And why is the state of Yoga higher?
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
6.43 - 6.44 There, in that existence, he regains the mental disposition for Yoga that he had in the previous birth. Like one awakened from sleep, he strives again from where he had left before attaining complete success. He strives so as not to be defeated by impediments. This person who has fallen away from Yoga is borne on towards Yoga alone by his previous practice, i.e., by the older practice with regard to Yoga. This power of Yoga is well known. Even a person, who has not engaged in Yoga but has only been desirous of knowing Yoga, i.e., has failed to follow it up, acries once again the same desire to practise Yoga. He then practises Yoga, of which the first stage is Karma Yoga, and transcends Sabda-brahman (or Brahman which is denotable by words). The Sabda-brahman is the Brahman capable of manifesting as gods, men, earth, sky, heaven etc., namely, Prakrti. The meaning is that having been liberated from the bonds of Prakrti, he attains the self which is incapable of being named by such words as gods, men etc., and which comprises solely of knowledge and beatitude. After thus describing the glory of Yoga the verse says:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
6.44 See Comment under 6.45
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।6.44।। बैंक में हमारे खाते में जमा राशि वही होगी जो पासबुक में दर्शायी गयी होती है। बैंक से हमे उस राशि से अधिक धन नहीं प्राप्त हो सकता और न ही कम राशि दिखाकर हमें धोखा दिया जा सकता है। इसी प्रकार व्यक्ति के हृदय के विकास में भी कोई भी देवता उस व्यक्ति को उसके प्रयत्नों से अधिक न दे सकता है और न कुछ अपहरण कर सकता है। प्रतिदिन के जीवन में अनुभूत अखण्डता के समान ही प्रत्येक जन्म पूर्व जीवन की अगली कड़ी है। जैसे आज का दिन बीते हुए कल का विस्तार है। इस तथ्य को सम्यक् प्रकार से ध्यान में रखकर इस श्लोक का मनन करने पर इसका तात्पर्य सरलता से समझ में आ जायेगा।जिस व्यक्ति ने अपने पूर्व जन्म में योग साधना की होगी वह उस पूर्वभ्यास के कारण अपने आप अवश हुआ योग की ओर आकर्षित होगा। हमारे इस लोक के जीवन में भी इस तथ्य की सत्यता प्रमाणित होती है। एक शिक्षित तथा सुसंस्कृत व्यक्ति के व्यवहार और संभाषण में उसकी शिक्षा का प्रभाव सहज ही व्यक्त होता है जिसके लिए उसे कोई प्रयास नहीं करना पड़ता। कोई भी सुसंस्कृत व्यक्ति दीर्घकाल तक सफलतापूर्वक मूढ़ पुरुष का अभिनय नहीं कर सकता और उसी प्रकार न हीं एक दुष्ट व्यक्ति सभ्य पुरुष जैसा व्यवहार कर सकता है। कभीनकभी वे दोनों अनजाने ही अपने वास्तविक स्वभाव का परिचय सम्भाषण विचार और कर्म द्वारा व्यक्त कर देंगे।इसी प्रकार योगभ्रष्ट पुरुष भी जन्म लेने पर अवशसा हुआ स्वत ही योग की ओर खिंचा चला जायेगा। यदि जीवन में प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियाँ आती हैं तब भी उन सभी में जिस सम और शान्त भाव में वह रहता है वह स्वयं उसके लिए भी एक आश्चर्य ही होता है।यह मात्र सिद्धांत नहीं है। समाज के सभी स्तरों के जीवन में इसका सत्यत्व प्रमाणित होता है। पूर्व संस्कारों की शक्ति अत्यन्त प्रबल होती है। एक लुटेरा भी दृढ़ निश्चयपूर्वक की गई साधना के फलस्वरूप आदि कवि बाल्मीकि बन गया। ऐसे अनेक उदाहरण हमें इतिहास में देखने को मिलते हैं। इन सबका सन्तोषजनक स्पष्टीकरण यही हो सकता है कि जीव का अस्तित्व देह से भिन्न है जो अपने कर्मों के अनुसार विभिन्न शरीर धारण करता है। इसलिए उसके अर्जित संस्कारों का प्रभाव किसी देह विशेष में भी दृष्टिगोचर होता है।योगभ्रष्ट पुरुष पुन साधना मार्ग पर अग्रसर हो जाता है। उसे चाहे राजसिंहासन पर अभिषिक्त कर दिया जाय अथवा बाजार के कोलाहल या किसी गली के असम्मान पूर्ण स्थान पर बैठा दिया जाय सभी स्थानों पर उसकी सहृदयता और उसका दार्शनिक स्वभाव छिपा नहीं रह सकता। चाहे वह संसार की समस्त सम्पत्ति का स्वामी हो जाये चाहे राजसत्ता की असीम शक्ति उसे प्राप्त हो जाये चाहे अपार आदर और स्नेह उसे मिले किन्तु इन समस्त प्रलोभनों के द्वारा उसे योगमार्ग से विचलित नहीं किया जा सकता। यदि सम्पूर्ण जगत् उसके विचित्र व्यवहार एवं असामान्य आचरण को विस्मय से देखता हो तो वह स्वयं भी अपनी ओर सबसे अधिक आश्चर्य से देख रहा होता है इस ध्यानयोग की महत्ता को दर्शाते हुए भगवान् कहते हैं कि जो केवल योग का जिज्ञासु है वह शब्दब्रह्म का अतिक्रमण कर जाता है। श्रीशंकराचार्य के अनुसार शब्दब्रह्म से तात्पर्य वेदों के कर्मकाण्ड से है जहाँ विभिन्न प्रकार के फल प्राप्त करने के लिए यज्ञयागादि साधन बताये गये है। अर्थ यह हुआ कि जो केवल जिज्ञासु है वह इन सब फलों की कामना से मुक्त हो जाता है तब फिर ज्ञानी के विषय में क्या कहनाकिस कारण से योगी श्रेष्ठ है इस पर कहते हैं

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the greatest modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa.

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।6.44।। व्याख्या--पूर्वाभ्यासेन तेनैव ह्रियते ह्यवशोऽपि सः--योगियोंके कुलमें जन्म लेनेवाले योगभ्रष्टको जैसी साधनकी सुविधा मिलती है, जैसा वायुमण्डल मिलता है, जैसा सङ्ग मिलता है, जैसी शिक्षा मिलती है, वैसी साधनकी सुविधा, वायुमण्डल, सङ्ग, शिक्षा आदि श्रीमानोंके घरमें जन्म लेनेवालोंकोनहीं मिलती। परन्तु स्वर्गादि लोकोंमें जानेसे पहले मनुष्यजन्ममें जितना योगका साधन किया है, सांसारिक भोगोंका त्याग किया है, उसके अन्तःकरणमें जितने अच्छे संस्कार पड़े हैं, उस मनुष्य-जन्ममें किये हुए अभ्यासके कारण ही भोगोंमें आसक्त होता हुआ भी वह परमात्माकी तरफ जबर्दस्ती खिंच जाता है।

🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā

← Previous verse · BG 6.43Next verse · BG 6.45 →

🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷

सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)