🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 6.1

Chapter 6 · ध्यानयोग · Dhyāna-Yoga · "The Yoga of Meditation" · Verse 1 of 47

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🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition

6.1 "Lord Shri Krishna said: He who acts because it is his duty, not thinking of the consequences, is really spiritual and a true ascetic; and not he who merely observes rituals or who shuns all action.

Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society

6.1 The Blessed Lord said He who performs his bounden duty without depending on the fruits of his actions he is a Sannyasi and a Yogi; not he who is without fire and without action.

Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school

6.1 Anasritah, without depending on;-on what?-on that which is karma-phalam, the result of action- i.e. without craving for the result of action-. He who craves for the results of actions becomes dependent on the results of actions. But this person is the opposite of such a one. Hence (it is said), 'wihtout depending on the result of action. Having become so, yah he who; karoti, performs accomplishes; (karma, an action;) which is his karyam, duty, the nityakarmas such as Agnihotra etc. which are opposed to the kamya-karmas-. Whoever is a man of action of this kind is distinguished from the other men of action. In order to express this idea the Lord says, sah, he ; is a sannyasi, monk, and a yogi. Sanyyasa, means renunciation. he who is possessed of this is a sannyasi, a monk. And he is also a yogi. Yoga means concentration of mind. He who has that is a yogi. It is to be understood that this man is possessed of these alities. It is not to be understood that, only that person who does not keep a fire (niragnih) and who is actionless (akriyah) is a monk and a yogi. Niragnih is one from whom the fires [viz Garhapatya, Ahavaniya, Anvaharya-pacana, etc.], which are the accessories of rites, have bocome dissociated. By kriya are mean austerity, charity, etc. which are performed wityout fire. Akriyah, actionless, is he who does not have even such kriyas. Objection: Is it not only with regard to one who does not keep a fire and is acitonless that monasticsm and meditativeness are well known in the Vedas, Smrtis and scriptures dealing with meditation? Why are monasticism and meditativeness spoken of here with regard to one who keeps a fire and is a man of action-which is not accepted as a fact? Reply: This defect does not arise, because both are sought to be asserted in some secondary sense. Objection: How is that? Reply: His being monk is by virtue of his having given up hankering for the results of actions; and his being a man of meditation is from the fact of his doing actions as accesories to meditation or from his rejection of thoughts for the results of actions which cause disturbances in the mind. Thus both are used in a figurative sense. On the contrary, it is not that monasticism and meditativeness are meant in the primary sense. With a veiw to pointing out this idea, the Lord says:

Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school

6.1 The Lord said He who, without depending on such fruits of works as heaven, etc., performs them, reflecting, 'The performance of works alone is my duty (Karya). Works themselves are my sole aim, because they are a form of worship of the Supreme Person who is our Friend in every way. There is nothing other than Him to be gained by them' - such a person is a Sannyasin, i.e., one devoted to Jnana Yoga, and also a Karma Yogin, i.e., one devoted to Karma Yoga. He is intent on both these, which is the means for attaining Yoga, which is of the nature of the vision of the self. 'And not he who maintains no sacred fires and performs no works,' i.e., not he who is disinclined to perform the enjoined works such as sacrifices, etc., nor he who is devoted to mere knowledge. The meaning is that such a person is devoted only to knowledge, whereas a person who is devoted to Karma Yoga has both knowledge and works. Now Sri Krsna teaches that there is an element of knowledge in the Karma Yoga as defined above.

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly

6.1. The Bhagavat said He who performs his bounden action, not depending on its fruit, in the man of renunciation and also the man of Yoga ! and not he, who remains [simply] without his fires and actions [is a Samnyasin or a Yogin]

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading

।।6.1।। श्रीभगवान् बोले -- कर्मफलका आश्रय न लेकर जो कर्तव्यकर्म करता है, वही संन्यासी तथा योगी है; और केवल अग्निका त्याग करनेवाला संन्यासी नहीं होता तथा केवल क्रियाओंका त्याग करनेवाला योगी नहीं होता।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors

6.1 अनाश्रितः not depending (on)? कर्मफलम् fruit of action? कार्यम् bounden? कर्म duty? करोति performs? यः who? सः he? संन्यासी Sannyasi (ascetic)? च and? योगी Yogi? च and? न not? निरग्निः without fire? न not? च and? अक्रियः without action.Commentary Actions such as Agnihotra? etc.? performed without the expectation of their fruits purify the mind and become the means to Dhyana Yoga or the Yoga of Meditation.Karyam Karma bounden duty.Niragnih without fire. He who has renounced the daily rituals like Agnihotra? which are performed with the help of fire.Akriya without action. He who has renounced austerities and other meritorious acts like building resthouses? charitable dispensaries? digging wells? feeding the poor? etc.Sannyasi he who has renounced the fruits of his actions.Yogi he who has a steady mind. These two terms are applied to him in a secondary sense only. They are not used to denote that he is in reality a Sannyasi and a Yogi.The Sannyasi performs neither Agnihotra nor other ceremonies. But simply to omit these without genuine renunciation will not make one a real Sannyasi. (Cf.V.3)

Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)

Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary

Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship

6.1 See Comment under 6.2

Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching

।।6.1।। प्रथम अध्याय में अर्जुन का विचार युद्धभूमि से पलायन करके संन्यास जीवन व्यतीत करने का था। उसे यह नहीं ज्ञात था कि निस्वार्थ भाव से कर्म करने वाला कर्मयोगी पुरुष ही सबसे बड़ा संन्यासी है। स्वार्थ का त्याग किये बिना कर्म का आचरण अथवा उससे पलायन करने का अर्थ है विश्व के सामंजस्य में अनर्थकारी हस्तक्षेप करना।मन की अपरिपक्व स्थिति में जीवन संघर्ष से पलायन करके गंगा के किनारे शान्त वातावरण में ध्यानाभ्यास के लिए जाने से सामान्य स्तर के अच्छे मनुष्य का भी गंगा में पड़े पाषाण के स्तर तक पतन होगा इस श्लोक में भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुन के इस त्रुटिपूर्ण विचार की मानो हंसी उड़ाते हैं। परन्तु भगवान् के व्यंग्य में किसी प्रकार की कटुता नहीं है। हम आगे देखेंगे कि अर्जुन को स्वयं भी अपनी गलत धारणा पर हंसी आती है।निदिध्यासन की सफलता के लिए आन्तरिक शक्तियों का विकास तथा उनका सही दिशा में उचित उपयोग करना भी अत्यन्त आवश्यक है। भगवान् ने इस अध्याय में हमारे मन के उद्देश्यों तथा भावनाओं मंे परिवर्तन लाने के लिए विशेष बल दिया है। इसके द्वारा हम आध्यात्मिक मार्ग में प्रवेश कर सकते हैं।

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor

।।6.1।। व्याख्या--अनाश्रितः कर्मफलम् इन पदोंका आशय यह प्रतीत होता है कि मनुष्यको किसी उत्पत्ति-विनाशशील वस्तु, व्यक्ति, घटना, परिस्थिति, क्रिया आदिका आश्रय नहीं रखना चाहिये। कारण कि यह जीव स्वयं परमात्माका अंश होनेसे नित्य-निरन्तर रहनेवाला है और यह जिन वस्तु, व्यक्ति आदिका आश्रय लेता है, वे उत्पत्ति-विनाशशील तथा प्रतिक्षण परिवर्तित होनेवाले हैं। वे तो परिवर्तनशील होनेके कारण नष्ट हो जाते हैं और यह (जीव) रीता-का-रीता रह जाता है। केवल रीता ही नहीं रहता, प्रत्युत उनके रागको पकड़े रहता है। जबतक यह उनके रागको पकड़े रहता है, तबतक इसका कल्याण नहीं होता अर्थात् वह राग उसके ऊँच-नीच योनियोंमें जन्म लेनेका कारण बन जाता है (गीता 13। 21)। अगर यह उस रागका त्याग कर दे तो यह स्वतः मुक्त हो जायगा। वास्तवमें यह स्वतः मुक्त है ही, केवल रागके कारण उस मुक्तिका अनुभव नहीं होता। अतः भगवान् कहते हैं कि मनुष्य कर्मफलका आश्रय न रखकर कर्तव्य-कर्म करे। कर्मफलके आश्रयका त्याग करनेवाला तो नैष्ठिकी शान्तिको प्राप्त होता है, पर कर्मफलका आश्रय रखनेवाला बँध जाता है (गीता 5। 12)।स्थूल, सूक्ष्म और कारण--ये तीनों शरीर 'कर्मफल' हैं। इन तीनोंमेंसे किसीका भी आश्रय न लेकर इनको सबके हितमें लगाना चाहिये। जैसे, स्थूलशरीरसे क्रियाओँ और पदार्थोंको संसारका ही मानकर उनका उपयोग संसारकी सेवा-(हित-) में करे, सूक्ष्मशरीरसे दूसरोंका हित कैसे हो, सब सुखी कैसे हों, सबका उद्धार कैसे हो--ऐसा चिन्तन करे; और कारणशरीरसे होनेवाली स्थिरता-(समाधि-) का भी फल संसारके हितके लिये अर्पण करे। कारण कि ये तीनों शरीर अपने (व्यक्तिगत) नहीं हैं और अपने लिये भी नहीं हैं, प्रत्युत संसारके और संसारकी सेवाके लिये ही हैं। इन तीनोंकी संसारके साथ अभिन्नता और अपने स्वरूपके साथ भिन्नता है। इस तरह इन तीनोंका आश्रय न लेना ही 'कर्मफलका' आश्रय न लेना' है और इन तीनोंसे केवल संसारके हितके लिये कर्म करना ही 'कर्तव्य-कर्म करना' है।आश्रय न लेनेका तात्पर्य हुआ कि साधनरूपसे तो शरीरादिको दूसरोंके हितके लिये काममें लेना है, पर स्वयं उनका आश्रय नहीं लेना है अर्थात् उनको अपना और अपने लिये नहीं मानना है। कारण कि मनुष्य-जन्ममें शरीर आदिका महत्त्व नहीं है ,प्रत्युत शरीर आदिके द्वारा किये जानेवाले साधनका महत्त्व है। अतः संसारसे मिली हुई चीज संसारको दे दें, संसारकी सेवामें लगा दें तो हम 'संन्यासी' हो गये और मिली हुई चीजमें अपनापन छोड़ दें तो हम 'त्यागी' हो गये।कर्मफलका आश्रय न लेकर कर्तव्य-कर्म करनेसे क्या होगा? अपने लिये कर्म न करनेसे नयी आसक्ति तो बनेगी नहीं और केवल दूसरोंके हितके लिये कर्म करनेसे पुरानी आसक्ति मिट जायगी तथा कर्म करनेका वेग भी मिट जायगा। इस प्रकार आसक्तिके सर्वथा मिटनेसे मुक्ति स्वतःसिद्ध है। उत्पत्ति-विनाशशील वस्तुओँको पकड़नेका नाम बन्धन है और उनसे छूटनेका नाम मुक्ति है। उन उत्पत्ति-विनाशशील वस्तुओंसे छूटनेका उपाय है--उनका आश्रय न लेना अर्थात् उनके साथ ममता न करना और अपने जीवनको उनके आश्रित न मानना।

🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā

This is verse 1 of 47 in Chapter 6 · Dhyāna-Yoga (The Yoga of Meditation)
Chapter theme: The yogī's discipline · abhyāsa-vairāgya · the supreme dhyāna-state
Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
Chapter hub: /dhyana-yoga
⭐ Mahābhārata anchor: this verse is also MBh 6.28.1 (Bhīṣma-Parva · the BG in its full narrative home)

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APA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. (n.d.). Bhagavad-Gītā 6.1. Vidhyāmitra. Retrieved 2026-07-28, from https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/6/1

Chicago: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 6.1." Vidhyāmitra. Accessed 2026-07-28. https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/6/1.

MLA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 6.1." Vidhyāmitra, 2026, https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/6/1.

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🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷

सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)