🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 4.40

4.40 अज्ञः the ignorant? च and? अश्रद्दधानः the faithless? च and? संशयात्मा the doubting self? विनश्यति goes to destruction? न not? अयम् this? लोकः world? अस्ति is? न not? परः the next? न not? सुखम् happiness? संशयात्मनः for the doubting self.Commentary The ignorant one who has no knowledge of the Self. The man without faith one who has no faith in his own self? in the scriptures and the teachings of his Guru.A man of doubting mind is the most sinful of all. His condition is very deplorable. He is full of doubts as regards the next world. He does not rejoice in this world also? as he is very suspicious. He has no happiness.

4.40 Ajnah, one who is ignorant, who has not known the Self; and asradda-dhanah, who is faithless; [Ast. adds here: guruvakya-sastresu avisvasavan, who has no faith in the instructions of the teacher and the scriptures.-Tr.] and samsaya-atma, who has a doubting mind; vinasyati, perishes. Although the ignorant and the faithless get ruined, yet it is not to the extent that a man with a doubting mind does. As for one with a doubting mind, he is the most vicious of them all. How? Na ayam lokah, neither this world which is familiar; na, nor also; parah, the next world; na sukham, nor happiness; asti, exist; samsaya-atmanah, for one who has a doubting mind. For doubt is possible even with regard to them! Therefore one should not entertain doubt. Why?

4.40 'The ignorant,' i.e., one devoid of knowledge received through instruction, 'the faithless' or one who has no faith in developing this knowledge taught to him, i.e., who does not strive to progress ickly, and 'the doubting one,' i.e., one who is full of doubts in regard to the knowledge taught - such persons perish, are lost. When this knowledge taught to him about the real nature of the self is doubted, then he loses this material world as also the next world. The meaning is that the ends of man, such as Dharma, Artha and Karma which constitute the material ends or fulfilments, are not achieved by such a doubting one. How then can man's supreme end, release be achieved by such a doubting one? For all the ends of human life can be achieved through the actions which are prescribed by the Sastras, but their performance reires the firm conviction that the self is different from the body. Therefore, even a little happiness does not come to the person who has a doubting mind concerning the self.

4.39-40 Sraddhavan etc. Ajnah etc. Here the idea of the passage is this : The incoming of faith and the performance of activities intending this [knowledge], both spring up soon no doubt, if one, being a believer, entertains no doubt. Therefore, one should remain being favoured by the preceptors and the scriptures, and not entertaining any doubt. For, the doubt is a destroyer of everything [good]. Indeed a person with doubt knows nothing, because he does not have faith. Hence one should remain without doubt. The subject matter that has been elaborated in this entire chapter is now summarised by a pair of the [following] verses :

।।4.40।। इसके पूर्व के श्लोक में कहा गया है कि श्रद्धा तथा ज्ञान से युक्त पुरुष परम शान्ति प्राप्त करता है। इसी तथ्य पर बल देने के लिये निषेधात्मक भाषा में कहते हैं कि उपर्युक्त गुणों से रहित पुरुष अपनी ही हानि करता हुआ अन्त में नष्ट हो जाता है।जो अज्ञानी है अर्थात् वह पुरुष जिसे बौद्धिक स्तर पर भी आत्मा का ज्ञान नहीं है। इस प्रकार के श्रद्धारहित और संशयी स्वभाव के पुरुष का नाश अवश्यंभावी है।दूसरी पंक्ति में भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण संशयात्मा पुरुष की निन्दा करते हुये उसके जीवन की त्रासदी बताते हैं। ऐसे पुरुष को न इस लोक में सुख मिलता है और न अन्यत्र। इसका अभिप्राय यह हुआ कि अज्ञानी तथा अश्रद्धालु पुरुष कुछ मात्रा में तो इस लोक का सुख प्राप्त कर सकते हैं परन्तु संशयी स्वभाव के व्य़क्ति के भाग्य में वह भी नहीं लिखा होता ऐसे पुरुष मानसिक रूप से किसी भी परिस्थिति का आनन्द लेने में सर्वथा असमर्थ हो जाते हैं क्योंकि संशय की प्रवृत्ति प्रत्येक अनुभव में विष घोल देती है। तथाकथित बुद्धिमान अश्रद्धालु और संशयी स्वभाव के पुरुषों पर इस पंक्ति मे तीक्ष्ण व्यंग्य प्रहार किया गया है।अत इस विषय में संशय नहीं करना चाहिये। भगवान् आगे कहते हैं