🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 3.35
Chapter 3 · कर्मयोग · Karma-Yoga · "The Yoga of Action" · Verse 35 of 43
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
3.35 It is better to do thine own duty, however lacking in merit, than to do that of another, even though efficiently. It is better to die doing one's own duty, for to do the duty of another is fraught with danger.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
3.35 Better is one's own duty, though devoid of merit than the duty of another well discharged. Better is death in one's own duty; the duty of another is fraught with fear (is productive of danger).
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
3.35 Svadharmah, one's own duty; being practised even though vigunah, defective, deficient; is sreyan, superior to, more commendable than; para-dharmat, another's duty; though svanusthitat, well-performed, meritoriously performed. Even nidhanam, death; is sreyah, better; while engaged svadharme, in one's own duty, as compared with remaining alive while engaged in somody else's duty. Why? Paradharmah, another's duty; is bhayavahah, fraught with fear, since it invites dangers such as hell etc.
Although the root cause of evil was stated in, 'In the case of a person who dwells on objects' (2.62) and '৷৷৷৷.because they (attraction and repulsion) are his adversaries' (34), that was presented desultorily and vaguely. Wishing to know it briefly and definitely as, 'This is thus, to be sure', Arjuna, with the idea, 'When this indeed becomes known, I shall make effort for its eradication', said:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
3.35 Therefore Karma Yoga is better than Jnana Yoga. For, it forms one's own duty, since it is natural to one and easy to perform, and though defective, is free from liability to interruption and fall. Jnana Yoga, on the other hand, though performed well for some time, constitutes the duty of another, as it is difficult to practise for one conjoined with Prakrti. It is therefore liable to interruption. For a person who lives practising Karma Yoga - which is his duty because he is alified for it - even death without success in one birth does not matter. For, in the next birth with the help of the experience already gained in the previous birth, it will be possible for him to perform Karma Yoga without any impediments. Jnana Yoga is fraught with fear because of the possibility of errors for anyone who is conjoined to Prakrti. It is another's duty, on account of it being not easily adoptable by him.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
3.35. Better is one's own duty, [though] it lacks in merit, than the well-performed duty of another; better is the ruin in one's own duty than the good fortune from another's duty.
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
3.35 श्रेयान् better? स्वधर्मः ones own duty? विगुणः devoid of merit? परधर्मात् than the duty of another? स्वनुष्ठितात् than well discharged? स्वधर्मे in ones own duty? निधनम् death? श्रेयः better? परधर्मः anothers duty? भयावहः fraught with fear.Commentary It is indeed better for man to die discharging his own duty though destitute of merit than for him to live doing the duty of another though performed in a perfect manner. For the duty of another has its pitfalls. The duty of a Kshatriya is to fight in a righteous battle. Arjuna must fight. This is his duty. Even if he dies in the discharge of his own duty? it is better for him. He will go to heaven. He should not do the duty of another man. This will bring him peril. He should not stop from fighting and enter the path of renunciation. (Cf.XVIII.47).
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
3.35 Svadharmah, one's own duty; being practised even though vigunah, defective, deficient; is sreyan, superior to, more commendable than; para-dharmat, another's duty; though svanusthitat, well-performed, meritoriously performed. Even nidhanam, death; is sreyah, better; while engaged svadharme, in one's own duty, as compared with remaining alive while engaged in somody else's duty. Why? Paradharmah, another's duty; is bhayavahah, fraught with fear, since it invites dangers such as hell etc.
Although the root cause of evil was stated in, 'In the case of a person who dwells on objects' (2.62) and '৷৷৷৷.because they (attraction and repulsion) are his adversaries' (34), that was presented desultorily and vaguely. Wishing to know it briefly and definitely as, 'This is thus, to be sure', Arjuna, with the idea, 'When this indeed becomes known, I shall make effort for its eradication', said:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
3.35 Therefore Karma Yoga is better than Jnana Yoga. For, it forms one's own duty, since it is natural to one and easy to perform, and though defective, is free from liability to interruption and fall. Jnana Yoga, on the other hand, though performed well for some time, constitutes the duty of another, as it is difficult to practise for one conjoined with Prakrti. It is therefore liable to interruption. For a person who lives practising Karma Yoga - which is his duty because he is alified for it - even death without success in one birth does not matter. For, in the next birth with the help of the experience already gained in the previous birth, it will be possible for him to perform Karma Yoga without any impediments. Jnana Yoga is fraught with fear because of the possibility of errors for anyone who is conjoined to Prakrti. It is another's duty, on account of it being not easily adoptable by him.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
3.34-35 Indriyasya etc., Sreyan etc. A person living the worldly life does entertain likes or dislikes towards every sense-object. For, due to his total ignorance he imagines that actions are performed only by his Self. Thus there is this difference between a man of knowledge and a man of worldly life, eventhough they perform alike their [respective] worldly activities such as eating etc.
The established view of ours [in this regard] is this : For a person, who, freed from attachment in every way, Performs his own duty, there is hardly any bond of merit or demerit. Indeed one's own duty never disappears from one's heart and it is certainly rooted there deeply as a natural taste. Not a single creature is born without that. Hence it should not be given up.
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।3.35।। धर्म शब्द अनेक अर्थों में प्रयुक्त होता है। धार्मिकता सद्व्यवहार कर्तव्य सद्गुण आदि विभिन्न अर्थों में इसका प्रयोग किया गया है। धर्म की परिभाषा हम देख चुके हैं कि जिसके कारण वस्तु का अस्तित्व सिद्ध होता है वह उस वस्तु का धर्म कहलाता है।एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति का भिन्नत्व उसके विचारों द्वारा निश्चित किया जाता है। इन विचारों का स्तर गुण दिशा आदि व्यक्ति की वासनाओं पर निर्भर करते हैं। यही है मनुष्य का स्वभाव अथवा धर्म। अत मनसंयम के इस प्रकरण में धर्म से तात्पर्य प्रत्येक व्यक्ति की वासनाओं से है।स्वधर्म और परधर्म यहाँ स्वधर्म का अर्थ किसी जाति विशेष में जन्म लेने पर प्राप्त होने वाले कर्तव्य से नहीं है। स्वधर्म का सही तात्पर्य है स्वयं की वासनायें। स्वयं की सहज और स्वाभाविक वासनाओं के अनुसार कार्य करने से ही जीवन में शांति और आनन्द सफलता और सन्तोष का अनुभव होता है। अत परधर्म का अर्थ है दूसरे के स्वभाव के अनुसार व्यवहार और कर्म करना जो भयावह होता है इसमें दो मत नहीं हो सकते।गीता में अर्जुन के स्वभाव को देखते हुये भगवान् उसे युद्ध करने का स्पष्ट उपदेश देते हैं। जन्मजात राजकुमार अर्जुन ने अपने विद्यार्थी जीवन में ही साहस और शूरवीरता का प्रदर्शन किया था और धनुर्विद्या में निपुणता भी प्राप्त की थी। अत युद्ध जैसा खतरनाक कर्म उसके स्वभाव के अनुकूल ही था। प्रथम अध्याय से यह स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि अर्जुन ने संभवत अपने प्रारम्भिक शिक्षणकाल में यह सुना और समझा था कि संन्यास और त्याग का अर्थात् ब्राह्मण का जीवन उसके जीवन से श्रेष्ठतर है। इसीलिये युद्धभूमि पलायन से गुफाओं में बैठकर ध्यानाभ्यास करने की उसकी इच्छा हो रही थी। श्रीकृष्ण उसे स्मरण दिलाते हैं कि स्वधर्म पालन में कुछ कमी रहने पर भी उसी का पालन उसके आत्मविकास के लिये श्रेयष्कर है। दूसरे व्यक्ति के श्रेष्ठ और दिव्य जीवन की अनुकृति मात्र से अर्जुन को लाभ नहीं होगा।यद्यपि समस्त अनर्थों का मूल कारण पहले बताया जा चुका है तथापि उसके और अधिक स्पष्टीकरण के लिए
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 35 of 43 in Chapter 3 · Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)
- Chapter theme: Action as worship · the yajña-cycle · sva-dharma over para-dharma
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /karma-yoga
🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)