🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 3.21
Chapter 3 · कर्मयोग · Karma-Yoga · "The Yoga of Action" · Verse 21 of 43
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
3.21 For whatever a great man does, others imitate. People conform to the standard which he has set.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
3.21 Whatsoever a great man does, that the other men also do; whatever he sets up as the standard, that the world (mankind) follows.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
3.21 Yat yat, [This is according to the Ast. The G1. Pr. reads, yat yat yesu yesu.-Tr.] whatever action; a sresthah, superior person, a leader; acarati, does; itarah, another; janah, person, who follows him; does tat tat eva, that very action. Further, yat, whatever; sah, he, the superior person; kurute, upholds; as pramanam, authority, be it Vedic or secular; lokah, an ordinary person; anuvartate, follows; tat, that, i.e. he accepts that very thing as authoritative.
'If you have a doubt here with regard to the duty of preventing people from straying, then why do you not observe Me?'
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
3.21 Whatever 'an eminent man,' i.e., he, who is famous for his knowledge of all the scriptures and for his observance of the scriptural dictates, performs, others who have incomplete knowledge of the scriptures will also perform, following his example. With regard to any duty which is being performed with all its ancillaries by an eminent personage, the people with incomplete knowledge will do it with the same ancillaries. Therefore for the protection of the world, all acts that are appropriate to one's station and stage in life must always be performed by an eminent man who is distinguished for his wisdom. Otherwise, the evil generated from the ruin of the large masses of the world (who neglect their duties by following his example), will bring him down, even if he were a follower of pure Jnana Yoga.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
3.21. Whatsoever a great man does, other commoners do the same; whatever standard he sets up, the world follows that.
🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद
For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।3.21।। श्रेष्ठ मनुष्य जो-जो आचरण करता है, दूसरे मनुष्य वैसा-वैसा ही आचरण करते हैं। वह जो कुछ प्रमाण देता है, दूसरे मनुष्य उसीके अनुसार आचरण करते हैं।
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
3.21 यद्यत् whatsoever? आचरति does? श्रेष्ठः the best? तत्तत् that? एव only? इतरः the other? जनः people? सः he (that great man)? यत् what? प्रमाणम् standard (authority? demonstration)? कुरुते does? लोकः the world (people)? तत् that? अनुवर्तते follows.Commentary Man is a social animal. He is an imitating animal too. He takes his ideas of right and wrong from those whom he regards as his moral superior. Whatever a great man follows? the same is considered as an authority by his followers. They try to follow him. They endeavour to walk in his footsteps.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
3.21 Yat yat, [This is according to the Ast. The G1. Pr. reads, yat yat yesu yesu.-Tr.] whatever action; a sresthah, superior person, a leader; acarati, does; itarah, another; janah, person, who follows him; does tat tat eva, that very action. Further, yat, whatever; sah, he, the superior person; kurute, upholds; as pramanam, authority, be it Vedic or secular; lokah, an ordinary person; anuvartate, follows; tat, that, i.e. he accepts that very thing as authoritative.
'If you have a doubt here with regard to the duty of preventing people from straying, then why do you not observe Me?'
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
3.21 Whatever 'an eminent man,' i.e., he, who is famous for his knowledge of all the scriptures and for his observance of the scriptural dictates, performs, others who have incomplete knowledge of the scriptures will also perform, following his example. With regard to any duty which is being performed with all its ancillaries by an eminent personage, the people with incomplete knowledge will do it with the same ancillaries. Therefore for the protection of the world, all acts that are appropriate to one's station and stage in life must always be performed by an eminent man who is distinguished for his wisdom. Otherwise, the evil generated from the ruin of the large masses of the world (who neglect their duties by following his example), will bring him down, even if he were a follower of pure Jnana Yoga.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
3.21 See Comment under 3.22
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।3.21।। मनुष्य मूलत अनुकरण करने वाला प्राणी है। यह एक मनोवैज्ञानिक सत्य है। इतिहास के किसी काल में भी समाज का नैतिक पुनरुत्थान हुआ है तो उस केवल राष्ट्र के नेतृत्व करने वाले व्यक्तियों के आदर्शों के कारण। शिक्षकों के सद्व्यवहार से ही विद्यार्थियों को अनुशासित किया जा सकता है यदि किसी राष्ट्र का शासक भ्रष्ट और अत्याचारी हो तो निम्न पदों के अधिकारी सत्य और ईमानदार नहीं हो सकते। छोटे बालकों का व्यवहार पूर्णत उनके मातापिता के आचरण एवं संस्कृति द्वारा निर्भर और नियन्त्रित होता है।इस तथ्य को ध्यान में रखते हुये भगवान् कर्माचरण के लिए अर्जुन के समक्ष एक और कारण प्रस्तुत करते हैं। यदि वह कर्म नहीं करता तो सम्भव है समाज के अधिकांश लोग भी स्वकर्तव्यपराङमुख हो जायेंगे और अन्त में परिणाम होगा जीवन में संस्कृति का ह्रास।अब आगे इस बात पर बल देने तथा अब तक दिये गये उपदेश का प्रभाव दृढ़ करने के लिए भगवान् स्वयं का ही उदाहरण देते हैं। यद्यपि भगवान् स्वयं नित्यमुक्त हैं तथापि तमोगुण और रजोगुण की बुराइयों में पड़ी तत्कालीन पीढ़ी को उसमें से बाहर निकालने के लिए वे स्वयं अनासक्त भाव से कुशलतापूर्वक कर्म करते हुये सभी के लिये एक आदर्श स्थापित करते हैं।अधर्म का सक्रिय प्रतिकार यह श्रीकृष्ण का सिद्धांत है। उनकी अहिंसा उस दिवास्वप्न देखने वाले कायर के समान नहीं थी जो अन्याय का प्रतिकार न करके संस्कृति का रक्षण करने में असमर्थ होता है। अब अर्जुन मन में कर्मयोग के विषय में कोई संदेह नहीं रह सकता था।यदि लोकसंग्रह के विषय में तुम्हें कोई शंका हो तो तुम मुझे क्यों नहीं देखते मेरे अनुसार तुम भी लोगों को अधर्म के मार्ग से निवृत्त कर उन्हें धर्म मार्ग में प्रवृत्त होने के लिये अपना आदर्श क्यों नहीं स्थापित करते
🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या
Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
3.21।। व्याख्या--'यद्यदाचरति श्रेष्ठस्तत्तदेवेतरो जनः'-- श्रेष्ठ पुरुष वही है, जो संसार-(शरीरादि पदार्थों-) को और 'स्वयं'-(अपने स्वरूप-) को तत्त्वसे जानता है। उसका यह स्वाभाविक अनुभव होता है कि शरीर, इन्द्रियाँ, मन, बुद्धि, धन, कुटुम्ब, जमीन आदि पदार्थ संसारके हैं, अपने नहीं। इतना ही नहीं, वह श्रेष्ठ पुरुष त्याग, वैराग्य, प्रेम, ज्ञान, सद्गुण आदिको भी अपना नहीं मानता; क्योंकि उन्हें भी अपना माननेसे व्यक्तित्व पुष्ट होता है, जो तत्त्वप्राप्तिमें बाधक है। 'मैं त्यागी हूँ', 'मैं वैरागी हूँ', 'मैं सेवक हूँ', 'मैं भक्त हूँ' आदि भाव भी व्यक्तित्वको पुष्ट करनेवाले होनेके कारण तत्त्वप्राप्तिमें बाधक होते हैं। श्रेष्ठ पुरुषमें (जडताके सम्बन्धसे होनेवाला) 'व्यष्टि अहंकार' तो होता ही नहीं, और 'समष्टि अहंकार' व्यवहारमात्रके लिये होता है, जो संसारकी सेवामें लगा रहता है; क्योंकि अहंकार भी संसारका ही है (गीता 7। 4 13। 5)।
संसारसे मिले हुए शरीर, धन, परिवार, पद, योग्यता, अधिकार आदि सब पदार्थ सदुपयोग करने अर्थात् दूसरोंकी सेवामें लगानेके लिये ही मिले हैं; उपभोग करने अथवा अपना अधिकार जमानेके लिये नहीं। जो इन्हें अपना और अपने लिये मानकर इनका उपभोग करता है, उसको भगवान् चोर कहते हैं-- 'यो भुङ्क्ते स्तेन एव सः' (गीता 3। 12)। ये सब पदार्थ समष्टिके ही हैं, व्यष्टिके कभी किसी प्रकार नहीं। वास्तवमें इन पदार्थोंसे हमारा कोई सम्बन्ध नहीं है। श्रेष्ठ पुरुषके अपने कहलानेवाले शरीरादि पदार्थ (संसारके होनेसे) स्वतः-स्वाभाविक संसारकी सेवामें लगते हैं। सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंके हितमें उसकी स्वाभाविक प्रवृत्ति होती है। 'देने' के भावसे समाजमें एकता, प्रेम उत्पन्न होता है और 'लेने' के भावसे संघर्ष उत्पन्न होता है। 'देने' का भाव उद्धार करनेवाला और 'लेने' का भाव पतन करनेवाला होता है। शरीरको 'मैं', 'मेरा' अथवा 'मेरे लिये' माननेसे ही 'लेने' का भाव उत्पन्न होता है। शरीरसे अपना कोई सम्बन्ध न माननेके कारण श्रेष्ठ पुरुषमें 'लेने' का भाव किञ्चिन्मात्र भी नहीं होता। अतः उसकी प्रत्येक क्रिया दूसरोंका हित करनेवाली ही होती है। ऐसे श्रेष्ठ पुरुषके दर्शन, स्पर्श, वार्तालाप, चिन्तन आदिसे स्वतः लोगोंका हित होता है। इतना ही नहीं, उसके शरीरको स्पर्श करके बहनेवाली वायुतकसे लोगोंका हित होता है।
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 21 of 43 in Chapter 3 · Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)
- Chapter theme: Action as worship · the yajña-cycle · sva-dharma over para-dharma
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /karma-yoga
- ⭐ Mahābhārata anchor: this verse is also MBh 6.25.21 (Bhīṣma-Parva · the BG in its full narrative home)
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BG 3.21local Bhagavad-Gītā verse route and source-anchor sectionChapter 3 hubKarma-Yoga · The Yoga of ActionMBh 6.25.21exact Bhīṣma-Parva source route for this Gītā verse/bhagavad-gitamaster index for all 18 chapters and 701 verse routesBhīṣma-ParvaMahābhārata narrative home where the Bhagavad-Gītā is received/mahabharatafull Itihāsa source spine for Vyāsa Maharṣi's MahābhārataBG 1 · Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaBG 2 · Sāṅkhya YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Sāṅkhya YogaBG 4 · Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaBG 5 · Karma-Sannyāsa YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma-Sannyāsa YogaBG 6 · Dhyāna YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Dhyāna YogaBG 7 · Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)TAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)BG 8 · Akṣara-Brahma YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Akṣara-Brahma YogaBG 9 · Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaBG 10 · Vibhūti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Vibhūti YogaBG 11 · Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaBG 12 · Bhakti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Bhakti YogaBG 13 · Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaBG 14 · Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaBG 15 · Puruṣottama YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Puruṣottama YogaBG 16 · Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaBG 17 · Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaBG 18 · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)ANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)BG 2.47niṣkāma-karma-yoga action disciplineBG 4.34praṇipāta · paripraśna · sevā before tattva-darśī teachersBG 7.7mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat · no source higher than KrishnaBG 9.17Krishna as father, mother, supporter, and grandfatherBG 10.30Krishna as Time among reckonersBG 13.23Paramātmā as witness, permitter, supporter, enjoyer, and LordBG 15.15Krishna seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetfulnessBG 18.61Īśvara situated in the heart of all beingsBG 18.66Carama-Śloka surrender discipline and final refuge/vishwaroopa-darshanaall 18 Gītā chapters rendered as one chart-aware darśana/vishvarupa-chartBG 11 chart-as-Viśvarūpa-darśana aperture/bija-sutrasfounder-curated bīja-pada exposition layer inside selected Gītā verse pages/binduDiamond of Darśanas frame for Gītā source recognition/philosophyKrishna = Paramaatma = Parabrahman constitutional foundation/llms.txtbrief AI-agent source map/llms-full.txtcomprehensive AI-agent access map
📚 Cite this verse · Academic citation formats
APA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. (n.d.). Bhagavad-Gītā 3.21. Vidhyāmitra. Retrieved 2026-07-28, from https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/3/21
Chicago: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 3.21." Vidhyāmitra. Accessed 2026-07-28. https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/3/21.
MLA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 3.21." Vidhyāmitra, 2026, https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/3/21.
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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)