🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 3.21

Chapter 3 · कर्मयोग · Karma-Yoga · "The Yoga of Action" · Verse 21 of 43

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यद्यदाचरति श्रेष्ठस्तत्तदेवेतरो जनः।

स यत्प्रमाणं कुरुते लोकस्तदनुवर्तते।।3.21।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 3.21 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
3.21 For whatever a great man does, others imitate. People conform to the standard which he has set.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
3.21 Whatsoever a great man does, that the other men also do; whatever he sets up as the standard, that the world (mankind) follows.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
3.21 Yat yat, [This is according to the Ast. The G1. Pr. reads, yat yat yesu yesu.-Tr.] whatever action; a sresthah, superior person, a leader; acarati, does; itarah, another; janah, person, who follows him; does tat tat eva, that very action. Further, yat, whatever; sah, he, the superior person; kurute, upholds; as pramanam, authority, be it Vedic or secular; lokah, an ordinary person; anuvartate, follows; tat, that, i.e. he accepts that very thing as authoritative. 'If you have a doubt here with regard to the duty of preventing people from straying, then why do you not observe Me?'
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
3.21 Whatever 'an eminent man,' i.e., he, who is famous for his knowledge of all the scriptures and for his observance of the scriptural dictates, performs, others who have incomplete knowledge of the scriptures will also perform, following his example. With regard to any duty which is being performed with all its ancillaries by an eminent personage, the people with incomplete knowledge will do it with the same ancillaries. Therefore for the protection of the world, all acts that are appropriate to one's station and stage in life must always be performed by an eminent man who is distinguished for his wisdom. Otherwise, the evil generated from the ruin of the large masses of the world (who neglect their duties by following his example), will bring him down, even if he were a follower of pure Jnana Yoga.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
3.21. Whatsoever a great man does, other commoners do the same; whatever standard he sets up, the world follows that.

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
3.21 यद्यत् whatsoever? आचरति does? श्रेष्ठः the best? तत्तत् that? एव only? इतरः the other? जनः people? सः he (that great man)? यत् what? प्रमाणम् standard (authority? demonstration)? कुरुते does? लोकः the world (people)? तत् that? अनुवर्तते follows.Commentary Man is a social animal. He is an imitating animal too. He takes his ideas of right and wrong from those whom he regards as his moral superior. Whatever a great man follows? the same is considered as an authority by his followers. They try to follow him. They endeavour to walk in his footsteps.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
3.21 Yat yat, [This is according to the Ast. The G1. Pr. reads, yat yat yesu yesu.-Tr.] whatever action; a sresthah, superior person, a leader; acarati, does; itarah, another; janah, person, who follows him; does tat tat eva, that very action. Further, yat, whatever; sah, he, the superior person; kurute, upholds; as pramanam, authority, be it Vedic or secular; lokah, an ordinary person; anuvartate, follows; tat, that, i.e. he accepts that very thing as authoritative. 'If you have a doubt here with regard to the duty of preventing people from straying, then why do you not observe Me?'
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
3.21 Whatever 'an eminent man,' i.e., he, who is famous for his knowledge of all the scriptures and for his observance of the scriptural dictates, performs, others who have incomplete knowledge of the scriptures will also perform, following his example. With regard to any duty which is being performed with all its ancillaries by an eminent personage, the people with incomplete knowledge will do it with the same ancillaries. Therefore for the protection of the world, all acts that are appropriate to one's station and stage in life must always be performed by an eminent man who is distinguished for his wisdom. Otherwise, the evil generated from the ruin of the large masses of the world (who neglect their duties by following his example), will bring him down, even if he were a follower of pure Jnana Yoga.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
3.21 See Comment under 3.22
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।3.21।। मनुष्य मूलत अनुकरण करने वाला प्राणी है। यह एक मनोवैज्ञानिक सत्य है। इतिहास के किसी काल में भी समाज का नैतिक पुनरुत्थान हुआ है तो उस केवल राष्ट्र के नेतृत्व करने वाले व्यक्तियों के आदर्शों के कारण। शिक्षकों के सद्व्यवहार से ही विद्यार्थियों को अनुशासित किया जा सकता है यदि किसी राष्ट्र का शासक भ्रष्ट और अत्याचारी हो तो निम्न पदों के अधिकारी सत्य और ईमानदार नहीं हो सकते। छोटे बालकों का व्यवहार पूर्णत उनके मातापिता के आचरण एवं संस्कृति द्वारा निर्भर और नियन्त्रित होता है।इस तथ्य को ध्यान में रखते हुये भगवान् कर्माचरण के लिए अर्जुन के समक्ष एक और कारण प्रस्तुत करते हैं। यदि वह कर्म नहीं करता तो सम्भव है समाज के अधिकांश लोग भी स्वकर्तव्यपराङमुख हो जायेंगे और अन्त में परिणाम होगा जीवन में संस्कृति का ह्रास।अब आगे इस बात पर बल देने तथा अब तक दिये गये उपदेश का प्रभाव दृढ़ करने के लिए भगवान् स्वयं का ही उदाहरण देते हैं। यद्यपि भगवान् स्वयं नित्यमुक्त हैं तथापि तमोगुण और रजोगुण की बुराइयों में पड़ी तत्कालीन पीढ़ी को उसमें से बाहर निकालने के लिए वे स्वयं अनासक्त भाव से कुशलतापूर्वक कर्म करते हुये सभी के लिये एक आदर्श स्थापित करते हैं।अधर्म का सक्रिय प्रतिकार यह श्रीकृष्ण का सिद्धांत है। उनकी अहिंसा उस दिवास्वप्न देखने वाले कायर के समान नहीं थी जो अन्याय का प्रतिकार न करके संस्कृति का रक्षण करने में असमर्थ होता है। अब अर्जुन मन में कर्मयोग के विषय में कोई संदेह नहीं रह सकता था।यदि लोकसंग्रह के विषय में तुम्हें कोई शंका हो तो तुम मुझे क्यों नहीं देखते मेरे अनुसार तुम भी लोगों को अधर्म के मार्ग से निवृत्त कर उन्हें धर्म मार्ग में प्रवृत्त होने के लिये अपना आदर्श क्यों नहीं स्थापित करते

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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)