🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 3.20
Chapter 3 · कर्मयोग · Karma-Yoga · "The Yoga of Action" · Verse 20 of 43
कर्मणैव हि संसिद्धिमास्थिता जनकादयः।
लोकसंग्रहमेवापि संपश्यन्कर्तुमर्हसि।।3.20।।
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
3.20 King Janaka and others attained perfection through action alone. Even for the sake of enlightening the world, it is thy duty to act;
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
3.20 Janaka and others attained perfection verily by action only; even with a view to the protection of the masses thou shouldst perform action.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
3.20 Hi, for; in the olden days, the leaned Ksatriyas, janakadayah, Janaka and others such as Asvapati; asthitah, strove to attain; samsiddim, Liberation; karmana eva, through action itself.
If it be that they were possessed of the fullest realization, then the meaning is that they remained established in Liberation whlile continuing, because of past momentum, to be associated with action itself-without renouncing it-with a veiw to preventing mankind from going astray. Again, if (it be that) Janaka and others had not attained fullest realization, then, they gradually became established in Liberation through action which is a means for the purification of the mind. The verse is to be explained thus.
On the other hand, if you think, 'Obligatory duty was performed even by Janaka and others of olden days who were surely unenlightened. [Ajanadbhih: This is also translated as, 'surely because they were unenlightened'.-Tr.] There by it does not follow that action has to be undertaken by somody else who has the fullest enlightenment and has reached his Goal', nevertheless, tvam, you, who are under the influence of past actions; arhasi, ought; kartum, to perform (your duties); sampasyan api, keeping also in view; loka-sangraham, [V.S.A gives the meanings of the phrase as 'the welfare of the world', and 'propitiation of mankind'.-Tr. ] the prevention of mankind from going astray; even that purpose.
By whom, and how, is mankind to be prevented from going astray? That is being stated: [In Ast. this introductory sentence is as follows:loka-samgrahah kimartham kartavyam iti ucyate.-Tr.]
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
3.20 It is also declared that Karma Yoga alone Janaka and others reached perfection.
Because, Karma Yoga is the best means for securing the vision of the self even for a person who is alified for Jnana Yoga, royal sages like Janaka and others, who are foremost among the Jnanins, preferred Karma Yoga as the means for attaining perfection.
Thus, having first declared previously that Karma Yoga must be practised by an aspirant for release who is alified for Karma Yoga alone, as he is unfit for Jnana Yoga, it was next stated with reasons that, even for one who is alified for Jnana Yoga, Karma Yoga is better than Jnana Yoga Now it is going to be declared (in verses 20-26) that Karma Yoga must be performed in every way by one who is virtuous.
At least for the guidance of the world, you should do work even if there is no need of it for yourself.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
3.20. It was by action alone that Janaka and others had attained emancipation. Further, at least having regard to hold the world (the society) together you should act.
🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद
For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।3.20।। राजा जनक-जैसे अनेक महापुरुष भी कर्मके द्वारा ही परमसिद्धिको प्राप्त हुए हैं। इसलिये लोकसंग्रहको देखते हुए भी तू (निष्कामभावसे) कर्म करनेके योग्य है।
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
3.20 कर्मणा by action? एव only? हि verily? संसिद्धिम् perfection? आस्थिताः attained? जनकादयः Janaka and others? लोकसंग्रहम् protection of the masses? एवापि only? संपश्यन् having in view? कर्तुम् to perform? अर्हसि thou shouldst.Commentary Samsiddhi is Moksha (perfection or liberation). Janaka? (Asvapati) and others had perfect knowledge of the Self? and yet they performed actions in order to set an example to the masses. They worked for the guidance of men.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
3.20 Hi, for; in the olden days, the leaned Ksatriyas, janakadayah, Janaka and others such as Asvapati; asthitah, strove to attain; samsiddim, Liberation; karmana eva, through action itself.
If it be that they were possessed of the fullest realization, then the meaning is that they remained established in Liberation whlile continuing, because of past momentum, to be associated with action itself-without renouncing it-with a veiw to preventing mankind from going astray. Again, if (it be that) Janaka and others had not attained fullest realization, then, they gradually became established in Liberation through action which is a means for the purification of the mind. The verse is to be explained thus.
On the other hand, if you think, 'Obligatory duty was performed even by Janaka and others of olden days who were surely unenlightened. [Ajanadbhih: This is also translated as, 'surely because they were unenlightened'.-Tr.] There by it does not follow that action has to be undertaken by somody else who has the fullest enlightenment and has reached his Goal', nevertheless, tvam, you, who are under the influence of past actions; arhasi, ought; kartum, to perform (your duties); sampasyan api, keeping also in view; loka-sangraham, [V.S.A gives the meanings of the phrase as 'the welfare of the world', and 'propitiation of mankind'.-Tr. ] the prevention of mankind from going astray; even that purpose.
By whom, and how, is mankind to be prevented from going astray? That is being stated: [In Ast. this introductory sentence is as follows:loka-samgrahah kimartham kartavyam iti ucyate.-Tr.]
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
3.20 It is also declared that Karma Yoga alone Janaka and others reached perfection.
Because, Karma Yoga is the best means for securing the vision of the self even for a person who is alified for Jnana Yoga, royal sages like Janaka and others, who are foremost among the Jnanins, preferred Karma Yoga as the means for attaining perfection.
Thus, having first declared previously that Karma Yoga must be practised by an aspirant for release who is alified for Karma Yoga alone, as he is unfit for Jnana Yoga, it was next stated with reasons that, even for one who is alified for Jnana Yoga, Karma Yoga is better than Jnana Yoga Now it is going to be declared (in verses 20-26) that Karma Yoga must be performed in every way by one who is virtuous.
At least for the guidance of the world, you should do work even if there is no need of it for yourself.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
3.20 Karman=aiva etc. Therefore, janaka and others are examples for the fact that emancipation is even for those who perform action.
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।3.20।। प्राचीन काल में जनक और अश्वपति आदि ज्ञानी राजाओं ने भी कर्म द्वारा संसिद्धि प्राप्त की थी। कर्मयोग के द्वारा सम्यक् ज्ञानपूर्वक अनासक्ति और अर्पण की भावना से कर्म करते हुए वे बन्धनों से मुक्त हो गये। सेवा के पवित्र जीवन को जी कर जगत् के लिये उन्होंने एक आदर्श स्थापित किया।श्रीकृष्ण का कहना है कि अर्जुन पर भी जन्मजात राजकुमार होने के कारण प्रजा तथा धर्म के रक्षण का उत्तरदायित्व था जिसका निर्वाह करना उसका कर्तव्य था। प्रारब्धवशात् आसन्न युद्ध से पलायन न करके कर्तव्य का सम्मान करते हुए उसको कुशलतापूर्वक युद्ध करना चाहिए। उसकी बन्धनकारक वासनाओं के क्षय का एक मात्र यही उपाय था। राजपरिवार में जन्म लेने के कारण सामान्य व्यक्ति की अपेक्षा अर्जुन पर समाज रक्षण का उत्तरदायित्व अधिक था। इसलिए उस समय उसे युद्ध रूप कर्तव्य का निर्वाह करना अत्यावश्यक था।मरुस्थल में लता उत्पन्न नहीं होती। प्रकृति के नियमानुसार प्रत्येक प्राणी अपने लिए अनुकूल वातावरण में ही स्वयं को उपयुक्त पाता है। इस दृष्टि से अर्जुन का जन्म क्षत्रिय राज परिवार में हुआ तो स्वाभाविक है वही उसके लिये अनुकूल रहा होगा। संकटों और शत्रुओं का साहसपूर्वक सामना करने और समाज में शांति और विकास के लिये प्रयत्न करने के जीवन के लिए वह योग्य था।लोक संग्रह क्यों करना चाहिये इसका उत्तर है
🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या
Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।3.20।। व्याख्या--'कर्मणैव हि संसिद्धिमास्थिता जनकादयः'--'आदि' पद 'प्रभृति' (आरम्भ) तथा 'प्रकार' दोनोंका वाचक माना जाता है। यदि यहाँ आये 'आदि' पदको 'प्रभृति' का वाचक माना जाय तो 'जनकादयः' पदका अर्थ होगा--जिनके आदि-(आरम्भ-) में राजा जनक हैं अर्थात् राजा जनक तथा उनके बादमें होनेवाले महापुरुष। परन्तु यहाँ ऐसा अर्थ मानना ठीक नहीं प्रतीत होता; क्योंकि राजा जनकसे पहले भी अनेक महापुरुष कर्मोंके द्वारा परमसिद्धिको प्राप्त हो चुके थे; जैसे सूर्य, वैवस्वत मनु, राजा इक्ष्वाकु आदि (गीता 4। 12)। इसलिये यहाँ 'आदि' पदको 'प्रकार' का वाचक मानना ही उचित है, जिसके अनुसार 'जनकादयः'पदका अर्थ है--राजा जनक-जैसे गृहस्थाश्रममें रहकर निष्कामभावसे सब कर्म करते हुए परमसिद्धिको प्राप्त हुए महापुरुष, जो राजा जनकसे पहले तथा बादमें (आजतक) हो चुके हैं।कर्मयोग बहुत पुरातन योग है, जिसके द्वारा राजा जनक-जैसे अनेक महापुरुष परमात्माको प्राप्त हो चुके हैं। अतः वर्तमानमें तथा भविष्यमें भी यदि कोई कर्मयोगके द्वारा परमात्माको प्राप्त करना चाहे तो उसे चाहिये कि वह मिली हुई प्राकृत वस्तुओं-(शरीरादि-) को कभी अपनी और अपने लिये न माने। कारण कि वास्तवमें वे अपनी और अपने लिये हैं ही नहीं, प्रत्युत संसारकी और संसारके लिये ही हैं। इस वास्तविकताको मानकर संसारसे मिली वस्तुओंको संसारकी ही सेवामें लगा देनेसे सुगमतापूर्वक संसारसे सम्बन्ध-विच्छेद होकर परमात्मप्राप्ति हो जाती है। इसलिये कर्मयोग परमात्मप्राप्तिका सुगम, श्रेष्ठ और स्वतन्त्र साधन है--इसमें कोई सन्देह नहीं।
यहाँ 'कर्मणा एव' पदोंका सम्बन्ध पूर्वश्लोकके 'असक्तो ह्याचरन्कर्म' पदोंसे अर्थात् आसक्तिरहित होकर कर्म करनेसे है; क्योंकि आसक्तिरहित होकर कर्म करनेसे ही मनुष्य कर्मबन्धनसे मुक्त होता है, केवल कर्म करनेसे नहीं। केवल कर्म करनेसे तो प्राणी बँधता है--'कर्मणा बध्यते जन्तुः' (महा0 शान्ति0 241। 7)।गीताकी यह शैली है कि भगवान् पीछेके श्लोकमें वर्णित विषयकी मुख्य बातको (जो साधकोंके लिये विशेष उपयोगी होती है) संक्षेपसे आगेके श्लोकमें पुनः कह देते हैं, जैसे पीछेके (उन्नीसवें) श्लोकमें आसक्तिरहित होकर कर्म करनेकी आज्ञा देकर इस बीसवें श्लोकमें उसी बातको संक्षेपसे 'कर्मणा एव' पदोंसे कहते हैं। इसी प्रकार आगे बारहवें अध्यायके छठे श्लोकमें वर्णित विषयकी मुख्य बातको सातवें श्लोकमें संक्षेपसे 'मय्यावेशितचेतसाम्' (मुझमें चित्त लगानेवाले भक्त) पदसे पुनः कहेंगे।यहाँ भगवान् 'कर्मणा एव' के स्थानपर 'योगेन एव' भी कह सकते थे। परन्तु अर्जुनका आग्रह कर्मोंका स्वरूपसे त्याग करनेका होने तथा (आसक्तिरहित होकर किये जानेवाले) कर्मका ही प्रसङ्ग चलनेके कारण 'कर्मणा एव' पदोंका प्रयोग किया गया है। अतः यहाँ इन पदोंका अभिप्राय (पूर्वश्लोकके अनुसार) आसक्तिरहित होकर किये गये कर्मयोगसे ही है।वास्तवमें चिन्मय परमात्माकी प्राप्ति जड कर्मोंसे नहीं होती। नित्यप्राप्त परमात्माका अनुभव होनेमें जो बाधाएँ हैं, वे आसक्तिरहित होकर कर्म करनेसे दूर हो जाती हैं। फिर सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण स्वतःसिद्ध परमात्माका अनुभव हो जाता है। इस प्रकार परमात्मतत्त्वके अनुभवमें आनेवाली बाधाओंको दूर करनेके कारण यहाँ कर्मके द्वारा परमसिद्धि(परमात्मतत्त्व) की प्राप्तिकी बात कही गयी है।
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 20 of 43 in Chapter 3 · Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)
- Chapter theme: Action as worship · the yajña-cycle · sva-dharma over para-dharma
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /karma-yoga
- ⭐ Mahābhārata anchor: this verse is also MBh 6.25.20 (Bhīṣma-Parva · the BG in its full narrative home)
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📚 Cite this verse · Academic citation formats
APA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. (n.d.). Bhagavad-Gītā 3.20. Vidhyāmitra. Retrieved 2026-07-28, from https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/3/20 Chicago: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 3.20." Vidhyāmitra. Accessed 2026-07-28. https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/3/20. MLA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 3.20." Vidhyāmitra, 2026, https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/3/20. Canonical URL:
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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)