🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 2.46
Chapter 2 · सांख्ययोग · Sāṅkhya-Yoga · "The Yoga of Knowledge" · Verse 46 of 72
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
2.46 As a man can drink water from any side of a full tank, so the skilled theologian can wrest from any scripture that which will serve his purpose.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
2.46 To the Brahmana who has known the Self, all the Vedas are of as much use as is a reservoir of water in a place where there is a flood.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
2.46 If there be no need for the infinite results of all the rites and duties mentioned in the Vedas, then why should they be performed as a dedication to God? Listen to the answer being given:
In the world, yavan, whatever; arthah, utility, use, like bathing, drinking, etc.; one has udapane, in a well, pond and other numerous limited reservoirs; all that, indeed, is achieved, i.e. all those needs are fulfilled to that very extent; sampluhtodake, when there is a flood; sarvatah, all arount. In a similar manner, whatever utility, result of action, there is sarvesu, in all; the vedesu, Vedas, i.e. in the rites and duties mentioned in the Vedas; all that utility is achieved, i.e. gets fulfilled; tavan, to that very extent; in that result of realization which comes brahmanasya, to a Brahmana, a sannyasin; vijanatah, who knows the Reality that is the supreme Goal that result being comparable to the flood all around. For there is the Upanisadic text, '৷৷.so all virtuous deeds performed by people get included in this one৷৷.who knows what he (Raikva) knows৷৷.' (Ch. 4.1.4). The Lord also will say, 'all actions in their totality culminate in Knowledge' (4.33). [The Commentators otation from the Ch. relates to meditation on the alified Brahman. Lest it be concluded that the present verse relates to knowledge of the alified Brahman only, he otes again from the Gita toshow that the conclusion holds good in the case of knowledge of the absolute Brahman as well.]
Therefore, before one attains the fitness for steadfastness in Knowledge, rites and duties, even though they have (limited) utility as that of a well, pond, etc., have to be undertaken by one who is fit for rites and duties.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
2.46 Whatever use, a thirsty person has for a reservoir, which is flooded with water on all sides and which has been constructed for all kinds of purposes like irrigation, only to that extent of it, i.e., enough to drink will be of use to the thirsty person and not all the water. Likewise, whatever in all the Vedas from the means for release to a knowing Brahmana, i.e., one who is established in the study of the Vedas and who aspires for release only to that extent is it to be accepted by him and not anything else.
Sri Krsna now says that this much alone is to be accepted by an aspirant, established in Sattva:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
2.46. What portion in a reservoir, flooded with water everywhere, is useful [for a man in thirst], that much portion [alone] in all the Vedas is useful for an intelligent student of the Vedas.
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
2.46 यावान् as much? अर्थः use? उदपाने in a reservoir? सर्वतः everywhere? संप्लुतोदके being flooded? तावान्,so much (use)? सर्वेषु in all? वेदेषु in the Vedas? ब्राह्मणस्य of the Brahmana? विजानतः of the knowing.Commentary Only for a sage who has realised the Self? the Vedas are of no use? because he is in possession of the infinite knowledge of the Self. This does not? however? mean that the Vedas are useless. They are useful for the neophytes or the aspirants who have just started on the spiritual path.All the transient pleasures derivable from the proper performance of all actions enjoined in the Vedas are comprehended in the infinite bliss of Selfknowledge.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
2.46 If there be no need for the infinite results of all the rites and duties mentioned in the Vedas, then why should they be performed as a dedication to God? Listen to the answer being given:
In the world, yavan, whatever; arthah, utility, use, like bathing, drinking, etc.; one has udapane, in a well, pond and other numerous limited reservoirs; all that, indeed, is achieved, i.e. all those needs are fulfilled to that very extent; sampluhtodake, when there is a flood; sarvatah, all arount. In a similar manner, whatever utility, result of action, there is sarvesu, in all; the vedesu, Vedas, i.e. in the rites and duties mentioned in the Vedas; all that utility is achieved, i.e. gets fulfilled; tavan, to that very extent; in that result of realization which comes brahmanasya, to a Brahmana, a sannyasin; vijanatah, who knows the Reality that is the supreme Goal that result being comparable to the flood all around. For there is the Upanisadic text, '৷৷.so all virtuous deeds performed by people get included in this one৷৷.who knows what he (Raikva) knows৷৷.' (Ch. 4.1.4). The Lord also will say, 'all actions in their totality culminate in Knowledge' (4.33). [The Commentators otation from the Ch. relates to meditation on the alified Brahman. Lest it be concluded that the present verse relates to knowledge of the alified Brahman only, he otes again from the Gita toshow that the conclusion holds good in the case of knowledge of the absolute Brahman as well.]
Therefore, before one attains the fitness for steadfastness in Knowledge, rites and duties, even though they have (limited) utility as that of a well, pond, etc., have to be undertaken by one who is fit for rites and duties.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
2.46 Whatever use, a thirsty person has for a reservoir, which is flooded with water on all sides and which has been constructed for all kinds of purposes like irrigation, only to that extent of it, i.e., enough to drink will be of use to the thirsty person and not all the water. Likewise, whatever in all the Vedas from the means for release to a knowing Brahmana, i.e., one who is established in the study of the Vedas and who aspires for release only to that extent is it to be accepted by him and not anything else.
Sri Krsna now says that this much alone is to be accepted by an aspirant, established in Sattva:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
2.46 Yavan etc. He, according to whom the importance lies in his own duty alone or in the knowledge - for him the purpose is served even from a limited portion of the Vedic teaching
Therefore-
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।2.46।। जलराशि का जो सुन्दर दृष्टान्त यहाँ दिया गया है वह सन्दर्भ को देखते हुये अत्यन्त समीचीन है। भीषण गर्मियों के दिनों में सरिताओं के सूख जाने पर समीप के किसी कुएँ से ही जल लेने लोगों को जाना पड़ता है। यद्यपि पैरों के नीचे पृथ्वी के गर्भ में जल स्रोत रहता है परन्तु वह उपयोग के लिये उपलब्ध नहीं होता। वर्षा ऋतु में सर्वत्र नदियों में बाढ़ आने पर छोटेछोटे जलाशय उसी में समा जाते हैं और तब उनका अलग से न अस्तित्व होता है और न प्रयोजन।उसी प्रकार जब तक मनुष्य अपने आनन्दस्वरूप को पहचानता नहीं तब तक मोहवश विषयों में ही वह सुख खोजा करता है। उस समय वेद अर्थात् कर्मकाण्ड उसे अत्यन्त उपयोगी प्रतीत होते हैं क्योंकि उसमें स्वर्गादि सुख पाने के अनेक साधन बताये गये हैं। परन्तु जब एक जिज्ञासु साधक उपनिषद् प्रतिपादित आनन्दस्वरूप आत्मा का अपरोक्ष रूप से ज्ञान प्राप्त कर लेता है तब उसे कर्मकान्ड में कोई प्रयोजन नहीं रह जाता। उपभोगजन्य सभी छोटेछोटे सुख उसके आनन्दस्वरूप में ही समाविष्ट होते हैं।इसका अर्थ यह नहीं हुआ कि व्यास जी द्वारा यहाँ वेदों के कर्मकाण्ड की निन्दा की गयी है। जो अविवेकी लोग साधन को ही साध्य समझ लेते हैं और अनन्त की प्राप्ति की आशा अनित्य कर्मों के द्वारा करते हैं गोपाल कृष्ण उनको इस प्रकार से प्रताड़ित कर रहे हैं फलासक्ति न रखकर किये गये कर्मों से मनुष्य का व्यक्तित्व विकसित होता है और ऐसे शुद्ध अन्तकरण वाले मनुष्य को अनन्त असीम आत्मतत्त्व का अनुभव सहज सुलभ हो जाता है। तत्पश्चात् उसे अनित्य सुखों का कोई आकर्षण नहीं रह जाता।वेद हमें अपने ही शुद्ध चैतन्यस्वरूप का बोध कराते हैं। जब तक अविद्यायुक्त अहंकार का अस्तित्व है तब तक वेदाध्ययन की आवश्यकता अपरिहार्य है। आत्मबोध के होने पर उस ज्ञानी पुरुष के कारण वेदों का भी प्रामाण्य सिद्ध होता है। गणित की सर्वोच्च शिक्षा प्राप्त कर लेने पर उस व्यक्ति को पहाड़े रटने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं रह जाती क्योंकि उसके पूर्ण ज्ञान में इस प्रारम्भिक ज्ञान का समावेश रहता है। जहाँ तक तुम्हारा सम्बन्ध है
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 46 of 72 in Chapter 2 · Sāṅkhya-Yoga (The Yoga of Knowledge)
- Chapter theme: Krishna's first teaching · the niṣkāma-karma sūtra · BG 2.47
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /sankhya-yoga
🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)