5 received English translations are available for this śloka. Each voice is labelled; no single rendering is presented as the Sanskrit itself.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 edition attribution in the received data
2.45 The Vedic Scriptures tell of the three constituents of life - the Qualities. Rise above all of them, O Arjuna, above all the pairs of opposing sensations; be steady in truth, free from worldly anxieties and centered in the Self.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
2.45 The Vedas deal with the three attributes (of Nature); be thou above these three attributes. O Arjuna, free yourself from the pairs of opposites, and ever remain in the ality of Sattva (goodness), freed from (the thought of) acisition and preservation, and be established in the Self.
2.45 To those who are thus devoid of discriminating wisdom, who indulge in pleasure, [Here Ast. adds 'yat phalam tad aha, what result accrues, that the Lord states:'-Tr.] O Arjuna, vedah, the Vedas; traigunya-visayah, have the three alities as their object, have the three gunas, [Traigunya means the collection of the three alities, viz sattva (purity), rajas (energy) and tamas (darkness); i.e. the collection of virtuous, vicious and mixed activities, as also their results. In this derivative sense traigunya means the worldly life.] i.e. the worldly life, as the object to be revealed. But you bhava, become; nistraigunyah, free from the three alities, i.e. be free from desires. [There is a seeming conflict between the advices to be free from the three alities and to be ever-poised in the ality of sattva. Hence, the Commentator takes the phrase nistraigunya to mean niskama, free from desires.] (Be) nirdvandvah, free from the pairs of duality by the word dvandva, duality, are meant the conflicting pairs [Of heat and cold, etc.] which are the causes of happiness and sorrow; you become free from them. [From heat, cold, etc. That is, forbear them.]
You become nitya-sattvasthah, ever-poised in the ality of sattva; (and) so also niryoga-ksemah, without (desire for) acisition and protection. Yoga means acisition of what one has not, and ksema means the protection of what one has. For one who as 'acisition and protection' foremost in his mind, it is difficult to seek Liberation. Hence, you be free from acisition and protection. And also be atmavan, self-collected, vigilant. This is the advice given to you while you are engaged in your own duty. [And not from the point of view of seeking Liberation.]
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
2.45 The word Traigunya means the three Gunas - Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. Here the term Traigunya denotes persons in whom Sattva, Rajas and Tamas are in abundance. The Vedas in prescribing desire-oriented rituals (Kamya-karmas) have such persons in view. Because of their great love, the Vedas teach what is good to those in whom Tamas, Rajas and Sattva preponderate. If the Vedas had not explained to these persons the means for the attainment of heaven etc., according to the Gunas, then those persons who are not interested in liberation owing to absence of Sattva and preponderance of Rajas and Tamas in them, would get completely lost amidst what should not be resorted to, without knowing the means for attaining the results they desire. Hence the Vedas are concerned with the Gunas. Be you free from the three Gunas. Try to acire Sattva in abundance; increase that alone. The purport is: do not nurse the preponderance of the three Gunas in their state of inter-mixture; do not cultivate such preponderance.
Be free from the pairs of opposites; be free from all the characteristics of worldly life. Abide in pure Sattva; be established in Sattva, in its state of purity without the admixture of the other two Gunas. If it is estioned how that is possible, the reply is as follows. Never care to acire things nor protect what has been acired. While abandoning the acisition of what is not reired for self-realisation, abandon also the conservation of such things already acired. You can thus be established in self-control and thery become an aspirant after the essentail nature of the self. 'Yoga' is acisition of what has not been acired; 'Ksema' is preservation of things already acired. Abandoning these is a must for an aspirant after the essential nature of the self. If you conduct yourself in this way, the preponderance of Rajas and Tamas will be annihilated, and pure Sattva will develop.
Besides, all that is taught in the Vedas is not fit to be utilised by all.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
2.45. The Vedas bind by means of the three Strands. [Hence] O Arjuna, you must be free from the three Strands, free from the pairs [of opposites]; be established in this eternal Being; be free from [the idea of] acisition and preservation; and be possessed of the Self.
🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद
Received Hindi rendering attributed in the source data to Swami Rāmsukhdās ji.
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Hindi rendering · source-data attribution
।।2.45।। वेद तीनों गुणोंके कार्यका ही वर्णन करनेवाले हैं; हे अर्जुन! तू तीनों गुणोंसे रहित हो जा, निर्द्वन्द्व हो जा, निरन्तर नित्य वस्तु परमात्मा में स्थित हो जा, योगक्षेमकी चाहना भी मत रख और परमात्मपरायण हो जा।
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
5 received English commentary layers are available for this śloka. Open only the voice you wish to study.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
2.45 त्रैगुण्यविषयाः deal with the three attributes? वेदाः the Vedas? निस्त्रैगुण्यः without these three attributes? भव be? अर्जुन O Arjuna निर्द्वन्द्वः free from the pairs of opposites? नित्यसत्त्वस्थः ever remaining in the Sattva (goodness)? निर्योगक्षेमः free from (the thought of) acisition and preservation? आत्मवान् established in the Self.Commentary Guna means attribute or ality. It is substance as well as ality. Nature (Prakriti) is made up of three Gunas? viz.? Sattva (purity? light or harmony)? Rajas (passion or motion) and Tamas (darkness or inertia). The pairs of opposites are heat and cold? pleasure and pain? gain and loss? victory and defeat? honour and dishonour? praise and censure. He who is anxious about new acuqisitions or about the preservation of his old possessions cannot have peace of mind. He is ever restless. He cannot concentrate or meditate on the Self. He cannot practise virtue. Therefore? Lord Krishna advises Arjuna that he should be free from the thought of acisition and preservation of things. (Cf.IX.20?21).
2.45 To those who are thus devoid of discriminating wisdom, who indulge in pleasure, [Here Ast. adds 'yat phalam tad aha, what result accrues, that the Lord states:'-Tr.] O Arjuna, vedah, the Vedas; traigunya-visayah, have the three alities as their object, have the three gunas, [Traigunya means the collection of the three alities, viz sattva (purity), rajas (energy) and tamas (darkness); i.e. the collection of virtuous, vicious and mixed activities, as also their results. In this derivative sense traigunya means the worldly life.] i.e. the worldly life, as the object to be revealed. But you bhava, become; nistraigunyah, free from the three alities, i.e. be free from desires. [There is a seeming conflict between the advices to be free from the three alities and to be ever-poised in the ality of sattva. Hence, the Commentator takes the phrase nistraigunya to mean niskama, free from desires.] (Be) nirdvandvah, free from the pairs of duality by the word dvandva, duality, are meant the conflicting pairs [Of heat and cold, etc.] which are the causes of happiness and sorrow; you become free from them. [From heat, cold, etc. That is, forbear them.]
You become nitya-sattvasthah, ever-poised in the ality of sattva; (and) so also niryoga-ksemah, without (desire for) acisition and protection. Yoga means acisition of what one has not, and ksema means the protection of what one has. For one who as 'acisition and protection' foremost in his mind, it is difficult to seek Liberation. Hence, you be free from acisition and protection. And also be atmavan, self-collected, vigilant. This is the advice given to you while you are engaged in your own duty. [And not from the point of view of seeking Liberation.]
2.45 The word Traigunya means the three Gunas - Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. Here the term Traigunya denotes persons in whom Sattva, Rajas and Tamas are in abundance. The Vedas in prescribing desire-oriented rituals (Kamya-karmas) have such persons in view. Because of their great love, the Vedas teach what is good to those in whom Tamas, Rajas and Sattva preponderate. If the Vedas had not explained to these persons the means for the attainment of heaven etc., according to the Gunas, then those persons who are not interested in liberation owing to absence of Sattva and preponderance of Rajas and Tamas in them, would get completely lost amidst what should not be resorted to, without knowing the means for attaining the results they desire. Hence the Vedas are concerned with the Gunas. Be you free from the three Gunas. Try to acire Sattva in abundance; increase that alone. The purport is: do not nurse the preponderance of the three Gunas in their state of inter-mixture; do not cultivate such preponderance.
Be free from the pairs of opposites; be free from all the characteristics of worldly life. Abide in pure Sattva; be established in Sattva, in its state of purity without the admixture of the other two Gunas. If it is estioned how that is possible, the reply is as follows. Never care to acire things nor protect what has been acired. While abandoning the acisition of what is not reired for self-realisation, abandon also the conservation of such things already acired. You can thus be established in self-control and thery become an aspirant after the essentail nature of the self. 'Yoga' is acisition of what has not been acired; 'Ksema' is preservation of things already acired. Abandoning these is a must for an aspirant after the essential nature of the self. If you conduct yourself in this way, the preponderance of Rajas and Tamas will be annihilated, and pure Sattva will develop.
Besides, all that is taught in the Vedas is not fit to be utilised by all.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
2.45 Traigunya-etc. The Vedas bind very much [only] by means of the three Strands and they do not bind on their own accord. For, the rituals prescribed in the Vedas, create bondage if they are performed with an intention of pleasure, or of (avoiding) pain, or with an illlusion of attachment. Hence the traid of Strands in the form of desire (or in a pleasing form) must be abandoned.
If the present passage were intended to condemn the Vedas, then the act of fighting the battle in estion would be spoiled, because there is nothing other than the Vedas do not bind those, from whom the desire for fruit has completely gone.
Because the Vedas alone are useful for proper knowledge in the case of those persons [free from the Strands] hence [the Lord] says-
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।2.45।। विभिन्न अनुपातों में सत्त्व रज और तम इन तीन गुणों के संयोग से प्राणियों का निर्माण हुआ है। अन्तकरण (मन और बुद्धि) इन तीन गुणों का ही कार्य है। तीन गुणों के परे जाने का अर्थ है मन के परे जाना। तांबा जस्ता और टिन से निर्मित किसी मिश्र धातु का पात्र बना हो और यदि उसमें से इन तीनों धातुओं को विलग करने के लिये कहा जाय तो उसका अर्थ उस पात्र को ही नष्ट करना होगा। उपनिषद् साधक को मन के परे जाने का उपदेश देते हैं जिससे साधक को आत्मस्वरूप से ईश्वर का परिचय होगा। उपनिषदों के इस स्पष्ट उपदेश को यथार्थ में नहीं समझने के कारण अनेक हिन्दू लोग अपने धर्म से अलग हो गये और इसलिये गीता में पुनर्जागरण का आवाहन किया गया। औपनिषदिक अर्थ को ही यहां दूसरे शब्दों में कहा अर्जुन तुम त्रिगुणातीत बनो।यदि कोई चिकित्सक किसी रोगी के लिये ऐसी औषधि लिख देता है जो विश्व में कहीं भी उपलब्ध न हो तो उस चिकित्सक का लिखा हुआ उपचार व्यर्थ है। इसी प्रकार आत्मसाक्षात्कार के लिये त्रिगुणों के परे जाने का उपदेश भले ही श्रेष्ठ हो परन्तु कौन सी साधना के अभ्यास से उसे सम्पादित किया जाय इसका स्पष्टीकरण यदि नहीं किया गया है तो वह उपदेश निरर्थक है। ज्ञान क्रिया और निष्क्रियता ये क्रमश सत्त्व रज और तमोगुण के लक्षण हैं।इस श्लोक की दूसरी पंक्ति में त्रिगुणों के ऊपर उठकर असीम आनन्द में स्थित होने की साधना बतायी गयी है। पूर्व उपदिष्ट समत्व भाव का ही उपदेश यहाँ दूसरे शब्दों में किया गया है।परस्पर भिन्न एवं विपरीत लक्षणों वाले सुखदुख शीतउष्ण लाभहानि इत्यादि जीवन के द्वन्द्वात्मक अनुभव हैं। इन सब में समभाव में रहने का अर्थ ही निर्द्वन्द्व होना है इनसे मुक्त होना है। यही उपदेश श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुन को दे रहे हैं। नित्यसत्त्वस्थ तीनों गुणों में सत्व गुण सूक्ष्मतम एवं स्वभाव से शुद्ध है तथापि शोकात्मक रजोगुण और मोहात्मक तमोगुण के सम्बन्ध से उसमें अशुद्धि भी आ जाती है। मोह का अर्थ है वस्तु को यथार्थ रूप में न पहचानना (आवरण)। जिसके कारण वस्तु का अनुभव किसी अन्य रूप मे ही होता है जिसे विक्षेप कहते हैं और जिसका परिणाम हैशोक। अत सत्वगुण में स्थित होने का अर्थ विवेकजनित शान्ति में स्थित होना है। सत्त्वस्थ बनने के लिए सतत् सजग प्रयत्न की अपेक्षा है। निर्योगक्षेमयहाँ योग का अर्थ है अप्राप्त वस्तु को प्राप्त करना और प्राप्त वस्तु के रक्षण का नाम हैक्षेम। मनुष्य के सभी प्रयत्न योग और क्षेम के लिये होते हैं। अत इन दो शब्दों में विश्व के सभी प्राणियों के कर्म समाविष्ट हैं। दूसरे शब्दों में कहा जा सकता है कि अहंकार और स्वार्थ से प्रेरित कर्मों का निर्देश योग और क्षेम के द्वारा किया गया है। मनुष्य की चिन्ताओं और विक्षेपों का कारण भी ये दो ही हैं। निर्योगक्षेम बनने का अर्थ है इन दोनों को त्याग देना जिससे चिन्ताओं से मुक्ति तत्काल ही मिलती हैं।निर्द्वन्द और निर्योगक्षेम बनने का उपदेश देना सरल है किन्तु साधक के लिये तत्त्वज्ञान का उपयोग तभी है जब इस ज्ञान को जीवन में उतारने की व्यावहारिक विधि का भी उपदेश दिया गया हो। इस श्लोक में ऐसी विधि का निर्देश आत्मवान भव इन शब्दों में किया गया है। द्वन्द्वों तथा योगक्षेम के कारण उत्पन्न दुख और पीड़ा केवल तभी सताते हैं जब हमारा तादात्म्य शरीर मन और बुद्धि के साथ होकर अहंकार और स्वार्थ की अधिकता होती है।इन अनात्म उपाधियों के साथ विद्यमान तादात्म्य को छोड़कर इनसे भिन्न अपने शुद्ध चैतन्य स्वरूप के प्रति सतत जागरूक रहने का अभ्यास ही आत्मवान अर्थात् आत्मस्वरूप में स्थित होने का उपाय है। इसकी सिद्धि होने पर अहंकार नष्ट हो जाता है और वह साधक त्रिगुणों के परे आत्मा में स्थित हो जाता है। ऐसे सिद्ध पुरुष को वेदों का कोई प्रयोजन नहीं रह जाता। वास्तव में ज्ञानी पुरुष के होने के कारण वेदवाक्यों का प्रामाण्य सिद्ध होता है।यदि वैदिक यज्ञों के फलों की कामना त्यागनी चाहिये तो उनका अनुष्ठान किस लिये करें इसका उत्तर है
🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या
Received Hindi vyākhyā attributed in the source data to Swami Rāmsukhdās ji.
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Hindi vyākhyā · source-data attribution
2.45।। व्याख्या-- 'त्रैगुण्यविषया वेदाः'-- यहाँ वेदोंसे तात्पर्य वेदोंके उस अंशसे है, जिसमें तीनों गुणोंका और तीनों गुणोँके कार्य स्वर्गादि भोग-भूमियोंका वर्णन है।
यहाँ उपर्युक्त पदोंका तात्पर्य वेदोंकी निन्दामें नहीं है, प्रत्युत निष्कामभावकी महिमामें है। जैसे हीरेके वर्णनके साथ-साथ काँचका वर्णन किया जाय तो उसका तात्पर्य काँचकी निन्दा करनेमें नहीं है, प्रत्युत हीरेकी महिमा बतानेमें है। ऐसे ही यहाँ निष्कामभावकी महिमा बतानेके लिये ही वेदोंके सकामभावका वर्णन आया है, निन्दाके लिये नहीं। वेद केवल तीनों गुणोंका कार्य संसारका ही वर्णन करनेवाले हैं, ऐसी बात भी नहीं है। वेदोंमें परमात्मा और उनकी प्राप्तिके साधनोंका भी वर्णन हुआ है।
'निस्त्रैगुण्यो भवार्जुन'-- हे अर्जुन! तू तीनों गुणोंके कार्यरूप संसारकी इच्छाका त्याग करके असंसारी बन जा अर्थात् संसारसे ऊँचा उठ जा।
'निर्द्वन्द्वः'-- संसारसे ऊँचा उठनेके लिये राग-द्वेष आदि द्वन्द्वोंसे रहित होनेकी बड़ी भारी आवश्यकता है; क्योंकि ये ही वास्तवमें मनुष्यके शत्रु हैं अर्थात् उसको संसारमें फँसानेवाले हैं (गीता 3।34) (टिप्पणी प0 81) । इसलिये तू सम्पूर्ण द्वन्द्वोंसे रहित हो जा।
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
This is verse 45 of 72 in Chapter 2 · Sāṅkhya-Yoga (The Yoga of Knowledge)
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🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)