🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 16.8
Chapter 16 · दैवासुरसम्पद्विभागयोग · Daivāsura-Sampad-Vibhāga-Yoga · "The Yoga of Divine & Demonic Endowment" · Verse 8 of 24
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
16.8 They say the universe is an accident with no purpose and no God. Life is created by sexual union, a product of lust and nothing else.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
16.8 They say, "This universe is without truth, without (moral) basis, without a God, brought about by mutual union, with lust for its cause; what else?"
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
16.8 Te, they, the domoniacal persons; ahuh, say; that the jagat, world; is asatyam, unreal-as we ourselves are prone to falsehood, so is this whole world unreal; apratistham, it has no basis, it does not have righteousness and unrighteousness as its basis; it is anisvaram, without a God-nor is there a God who rules this (world) according to rigtheousness and unrighteousness (of beings). Hence they say that the world is godless. Moreover, it is aparaspara-sambhutam, born of mutual union. The whole world is born of the union of the male and female impelled by passion. (That union is) kama-haitukam, brought about by passion. Kama-haitukam and kama-hetukam are the same. Kim anyat, what other (cause can there be)? There exists to other unseen cause such as righteousness, unrigtheousness, etc. Certainly, the passion of living beings is the cause of the world. This is the view of the materialists.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
16.8 They maintain that the universe is 'without truth,' viz., they do not accept that this universe, which is the effect of Brahman denoted by the term Satya, has Brahman for its Self. They contend that it is bereft of any 'foundation,' viz., they do not accept that it has Brahman for its foundation. Brahman as Ananta supports the earth and bears all the worlds, as declared in 'This earth, sustained upon the head of this great serpent, supports in its turn, this garland of worlds, along with their men, demons and gods' (V.P., 2.5.27). They say that it is 'without a Lord,' viz. they don't accept that this universe is controlled by Me, the Lord of all, the Supreme Brahman, whose will is always true. It has been already averred: 'I am the origin of all; from Me proceed everything' (10.8). And they also contend thus: 'What else can exist without mutual causation?' i.e., except by the union of the male and the female among men, beasts etc. What else exists apart from this nature? The meaning is that nothing else is seen. Therefore the entire world is rooted in sexual lust.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
16.8. They say that this world is without truth; has no basis; and has no Lord; this is born not on the basis of the mutual cause-and-effect-relation [of the things]; it has nothing [beyond] and has no cause.
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
16.8 असत्यम् without truth? अप्रतिष्ठम् without (moral) basis? ते they? जगत् the world? आहुः say? अनीश्वरम् without a God? अपरस्परसम्भूतम् brought about by mutual union? किम् what? अन्यत else? कामहैतुकम् with lust for its cause.Commentary They hold that the universe is without any substratum or support or an undying basic reality.This is a description of the opinion of atheists like the Charvakas and other materialists. They do not believe in the existence of Brahman Who is the support of this world. They do not even accept the existence of an Isvara in this world. They say We are unreal. Therefore this world also is unreal? the scriptures which declare the truth are also unreal. What else but lust can be the cause of this universe Sexual passion is the sole cause of all living creatures. There is no such thing as the theory of Karma. The whole world is caused by the mutual union of man and woman under the impulse of lust. There is neither virtue nor vice. There is no Lord Who dispenses the fruits of actions of the individuals according to virtue and vice. Dharma and Adharma are not the basis of this world. Sexual desire is the sole basis for this universe. This world is a world of chance. They are not endowed with the faculty of introspection. They are ignorant of the field (Nature) and knower of the field (God).Mutual union Sexual union it may mean the union of atoms. The world arose from the combination of atoms according to the Vaiseshikas.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
16.8 Te, they, the domoniacal persons; ahuh, say; that the jagat, world; is asatyam, unreal-as we ourselves are prone to falsehood, so is this whole world unreal; apratistham, it has no basis, it does not have righteousness and unrighteousness as its basis; it is anisvaram, without a God-nor is there a God who rules this (world) according to rigtheousness and unrighteousness (of beings). Hence they say that the world is godless. Moreover, it is aparaspara-sambhutam, born of mutual union. The whole world is born of the union of the male and female impelled by passion. (That union is) kama-haitukam, brought about by passion. Kama-haitukam and kama-hetukam are the same. Kim anyat, what other (cause can there be)? There exists to other unseen cause such as righteousness, unrigtheousness, etc. Certainly, the passion of living beings is the cause of the world. This is the view of the materialists.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
16.8 They maintain that the universe is 'without truth,' viz., they do not accept that this universe, which is the effect of Brahman denoted by the term Satya, has Brahman for its Self. They contend that it is bereft of any 'foundation,' viz., they do not accept that it has Brahman for its foundation. Brahman as Ananta supports the earth and bears all the worlds, as declared in 'This earth, sustained upon the head of this great serpent, supports in its turn, this garland of worlds, along with their men, demons and gods' (V.P., 2.5.27). They say that it is 'without a Lord,' viz. they don't accept that this universe is controlled by Me, the Lord of all, the Supreme Brahman, whose will is always true. It has been already averred: 'I am the origin of all; from Me proceed everything' (10.8). And they also contend thus: 'What else can exist without mutual causation?' i.e., except by the union of the male and the female among men, beasts etc. What else exists apart from this nature? The meaning is that nothing else is seen. Therefore the entire world is rooted in sexual lust.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
16.8 Asatyam etc. [It] has nothing beyond : Here there is no other thing beyond what is seen.
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।16.8।। आसुरी लोगों के वर्णन में हम ऐसे नितान्त संशयी और भौतिकवादी पुरुष को पहचान सकते हैं? जो जीवन की ओर केवल अपनी सीमित बुद्धि के दृष्टिकोण से ही देखता है। इसलिए? स्वाभाविक ही है कि वह न जीवन का कोई चरम लक्ष्य देख पाता है? और न ही इस अनित्य और परस्पर असंबद्ध प्रतीत होने वाली घटनाओं से पूर्ण जगत् का कोई नित्य अधिष्ठान स्वीकार कर पाता है। इन भौतिकवादियों की बुद्धि प्रखर होती है और वे स्वतन्त्र और मौलिक विचार करने में समर्थ होते हैं। इन लोगों को अल्प मार्गदर्शन की आवश्यकता होती है? जिससे कि वे अपनी सीमित बुद्धि के परे भी देख सकें। इस श्लोक में भौतिकवादी दृष्टिकोण का वर्णन किया गया है।भौतिकवादी वैज्ञानिक पद्धति से जगत् का निरीक्षण और विश्लेषण करते हैं? फिर भी वे उस सत्य को नहीं पहचान पाते? जो इस विश्व को धारण किये हुए है। वे परिवर्तनों को देखतें हैं? और इस सतत परिवर्तन को ही वे जगत् समझ लेते हैं? जिसके लिए किसी नित्य? अविकारी अधिष्ठान का होना वे नहीं मानते हैं। परन्तु? वैज्ञानिक भी अब स्वीकार करते हैं कि नित्य? अपरिवर्तनशील अधिष्ठान के बिना न जगत् में परिवर्तन हो सकता है और न ही वह ज्ञात हो सकता है। परिवर्तन तो एक सापेक्ष घटना मात्र है। एक स्थिर और गतिशून्य पर्दे के बिना चलचित्र का प्रक्षेपण नहीं किया जा सकता और नदी के स्थिर तल के बिना जल का अखण्ड प्रवाह नहीं बना रह सकता। उसी प्रकार अधिष्ठान के बिना आभास नहीं हो सकता। सम्पूर्ण जगत् का यह आश्रय ही सत्य कहलाता है परन्तु आसुरी स्वभाव के लोगों के अनुसार? जगत् निराश्रय है? सत्यरहित है।अनीश्वरम् जगत् का कोई अधिष्ठान नहीं है तब कमसेकम? क्या कोई सर्वज्ञ सर्वशासक है? जो जगत् की घटनाओं को नियन्त्रित करता है भोगवादी लोगों के अनुसार ऐसा कोई नियन्ता और निर्माता नहीं है। न सृष्टिकर्ता है और न पालनकर्ता ही है।इनके मतानुसार यह सम्पूर्ण चराचर जगत् केवल महाभूतों के परम्पर संबंध से उत्पन्न हुआ है और यह संबंध जिस किसी रूप में परिणित होता है? वह केवल संयोग की बात है? और न कि उसके पार्श्व में कोई नियम है। प्राणियों की उत्पत्ति का एकमात्र कारण है? कामवासना। आधुनिक मनोवैज्ञानिक भी इस बात पर बल देते हैं कि कामवासना ही अन्य समस्त वृत्तियों की जननी है? जिसके कारण समस्त घटनाएं घट रही हैं और जीवन की समस्त उपलब्धियाँ संभव,होती हैं।आसुरी लोगों के दृष्टिकोण को दर्शाने के पश्चात् भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण ऐसे लोगों के भाग्य के प्रति सहानुभूति अनुभव करते हुए उनके कर्मों को बताते हैं
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 8 of 24 in Chapter 16 · Daivāsura-Sampad-Vibhāga-Yoga (The Yoga of Divine & Demonic Endowment)
- Chapter theme: The 26 daivī qualities vs 6 āsurī · the three gates to hell
- Ṣaṭka grouping: ANTYA-Ṣaṭka (BG 13-18 · the resolution)
- Chapter hub: /daivasura-sampada
🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)