🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 13.10

13.10 असक्तिः nonattachment? अनभिष्वङ्गः nonidentification of the Self? पुत्रदारगृहादिषु in son? wife? home and the rest? नित्यम् constant? च and?समचित्तत्वम् evenmindedness? इष्टानिष्टोपपत्तिषु on the attainment of the desirable and the undesirable.Commentary When a man thinks? This object is mine? the idea of mineness enters his mind. He develops Abhimana (false identification). Then he begins to love the objects. He clings to them and gets attached to them. Asakti is nonattachment to objects. There is absence of liking for the objects.Anabhishvangah There is intense attachment to wife? son or mother? etc. There is complete identification of the Self with another. He feels happy or miserable when that person is happy or miserable. Govindan feels miserable when his wife is dead because he was very much attached to her but he does not feel anything when his neighbours wife is dead. A man of wisdom has no attachment to his home. He considers his home as a public inn on the side of a public road.And the rest Others who are very dear relatives or other dependants.Constant evenmindedness or eanimity is an index of knowledge. The man of wisdom is neither elated when he gets the desirable or pleasant objects? nor grieves when he attains the undesriable or painful objects.Nonattachment? absence of affection and eanimity are all conducive to the attainment of knowledge of the Self. They are designated as knowledge because they are the means of attaining knowledge.

13.10 Asaktih, non-attachment-attachment means merely the kind for things arising from association; the absence of that is asaktih; and anabhisvangah, absence of fondness-abhisvangah, is in fact a special kind of attachment consisting of the idea of self-identification; as for instance, thinking 'I myself am happy,' or, 'I am sorrowful,' when somody else is happy or unhappy, and thinking 'I live', or, 'I shall die,' when some- body else lives or dies-With regard to what? In answer the Lord says: putra-dara-grhadisu, with regard to sons, wives, homes, etc. From the use of 'etc.' (it is understood that this fondness is) even with regard to others who are liked very much-retinue of sevants and so on. And since both these (absence of attachment and fondness) lead to Knowledge, therefore they are called Knowledge. And nityam, constant; sama-cittatvam, eanimity of mind, mental eipoise;-with regard to what?-ista-anista-upapattisu, the attainment of the desirable and the undesirable; mental eipoise with regard to them, always, without exception. One does not become happy on the attainment of the desirable, nor does he become angry on the attainment of the undesirable. And that constant eanimity of mind which is of this kind is Knowledge Further,

13.10 'Non-attachment' means freedom from attachment to things other than the self. 'Absecne of clinging' to son, wife, home and the like means absence of excessive affection for these beyond the limits allowed by the Sastras. 'Constant even-mindedness' to all desirable and undesriable events means the state of freedom from joy and grief with regard to occurrences springing from desire.

13.10 See Comment under 13.12

।।13.10।। असक्ति अर्जित की हुयी वस्तुओं से होने वाली सामान्य प्रीति को सक्ति अर्थात् संग कहते हैं। उसका अभाव असक्ति कहलाता है। हमें जो दुख होता है? वह विषयों के कारण नहीं? हमारे उसके साथ के मानसिक संग के कारण होता है। जैसै? अग्नि स्वयं किसी को नहीं जला सकती? जब तक कि कोई उसे स्पर्श न करे।पुत्र? भार्या और गृहादिक में अनभिष्वंग अति स्नेह को अभिष्वंग कहते हैं। अत उसका अभाव ही अनभिष्वंग कहलाता है। जब किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति के प्रति सामान्य प्रीति बढ़कर आसक्ति का रूप ले लेती है? तब उसे अभिष्वंग कहते हैं। इस आसक्ति का लक्षण है यह है कि मनुष्य को अपनी प्रिय वस्तु या व्यक्ति के साथ इतना तादात्म्य हो जाता है कि उनके सुखदुख उसे अपने ही अनुभव होते हैं। इसका स्पष्ट उदाहरण है पुत्र के प्रति माता की आसक्ति का। इस प्रकार की आसक्ति के कारण व्यक्ति के मन में सदा विक्षेप बना रहता है और वह कार्य करने में भी अकुशल हो जाता है।हमें अपने आन्तरिक व्यक्तित्व के चारों ओर विवेक की ऐसी दीवार खड़ी करनी चाहिये कि ये सभी विक्षेप हमसे दूर रहें और मन का सन्तुलन सदा बना रहे जिसके बिना किसी प्रकार की प्रगति या समृद्धि कदापि संभव नहीं होती।प्रिय और अप्रिय परिस्थितियों में चित्त की समता को सतत अभ्यास करते रहने से प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। यदि मनुष्य अपनी मूढ़ प्रीति और आसक्ति के बन्धनों से मुक्त हो जाये? तो उसे अपने में ही अतिरिक्त शक्ति का भण्डार प्राप्त होता है? जिसका उसे सही दिशा में सदुपयोग करना चाहिये? अन्यथा वही शक्ति आत्मघातक सिद्ध हो सकती है।वह सही दिशा क्या है इसे अगले श्लोक में बताते हैं