🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 12.11
Chapter 12 · भक्तियोग · Bhakti-Yoga · "The Yoga of Devotion" · Verse 11 of 20
अथैतदप्यशक्तोऽसि कर्तुं मद्योगमाश्रितः।सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं ततः कुरु यतात्मवान्।।12.11।।
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
12.11 And if thou art too weak even for this, then seek refuge in union with Me, and with perfect self-control renounce the fruit of thy action.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
12.11 If thou art unable to do even this, then, resorting to union with Me, renounce the fruits of all actions with the self controlled.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
12.11 Atha, if, again; asaktah asi, you are unable; kartum, to do; etat api, even this-what was stated as being 'intent on doing works for Me'; in that case, mad-yogam-asritah, having resorted to the Yoga for Me-the performance of those works that are being done by dedicating them to Me is madyogah; by resorting to that Yoga for Me; tatah, thereafter; sarva-karma-phala-tyagam kuru, renounce, give up, the results of all works; by becoming yata-atmavan, controlled in mind. [In the earlier verse it was enjoined that all works, be they Vedic or secular, are to be considered as belonging to God and should be done for Him-not for oneself-, as a soldier would do for his king. In the present verse it is stated that the attitude should be, 'May this work of mine please God.' This very attitude involves dedicating of results to God. See S.
According to M.S., mat-karma in the earlier verse means bhagavata-dharma, i.e. hearing, singing, etc. about God. In the present verse, sarva-karma means all works in general.-Tr.]
Now the Lord praises the renunciation of the results of all works:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
12.11 If you are unable to do even this 'taking refuge in My Yoga,' i.e., if you are unable even to do actions for My sake, which forms the sprout of Bhakti Yoga, wherein through meditation I am made the exclusive and sole object of love - then you should resort to Aksara Yoga described in the first six chapters. It consists in contemplation on the nature of the individual self. This engenders devotion to the Lord. As a means for practice of this (Aksara Yoga), renounce the fruit of every action.
The state of mind that holds Me as the only worthy object of attainment and love arises only when all the sins of an aspirant are destroyed without exception. 'One with a controlled mind' means one with the mind subdued. When the individual self is visualised to be of the nature of a Sesa (subsidiary) to the Lord, and when the veil of nescience consisting in identifying the self with the body is removed by contemplation on the self generated through the performance of works without attachment to the fruits and with My propitiation as the sole objective - then supreme Bhakti to Me will originate by itself. [The point driven home is this: It is nescience that stands between the Jiva and the Lord. This nescience consists in identification of the self with the body. It is through works done without an eye on their fruits but exclusively as an offering to the Lord, that this nescience is removed. Thus Karma Yoga is the sprout of self-realisation, and of Bhakti. On the nescience being removed, the knowledge that one (i.e., the Jiva) is a Sesa (an absolutely dependent liege) of the Lord, dawns on the Jiva. Such knowledge generates exclusive devotion or Bhakti accompanied by Prapatti. Or if the Jiva gets immersed in Its own bliss, It will attain Kaivalya.]
In the same manner, Sri Krsna will further show in the text beginning with 'By worshipping Him with his work will a man reach perfection' (18.46) and ending with 'Forsaking the feeling of "I" and with no feeling of "mine" and tranil, one becomes worthy of the state of Brahman. Having realised the state of Brahman, tranil, he neither grieves nor craves. Regarding all beings alike, he attains supreme devotion to Me' (18.53-54).
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
12.11. Now, if you are not capable of doing this too, then taking resort to My Yoga renounce the fruit of all action, with your self (mind) subdued.
🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद
For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।12.11।।अगर मेरे योग-(समता-) के आश्रित हुआ तू इस(पूर्वश्लोकमें कहे गये साधन-) को भी करनेमें असमर्थ है, तो मन-इन्द्रियोंको वशमें करके सम्पूर्ण कर्मोंके फलका त्याग कर।
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
12.11 अथ if? एतत् this? अपि also? अशक्तः unable? असि (thou) art? कर्तुम् to do? मद्योगम् My Yoga? आश्रितः resorting to? सर्वकर्मफलत्यागम् the renunciation of the fruits of all actions? ततः then? कुरु do? यतात्मवान् selfcontrolled.Commentary This is the easiest path. If thou art unable to perform actions for My sake? if thou canst not even be intent on My service? if thou art unable to practise the Bhagavata Dharmas? if thous wishest to do actions impelled by personal desires? then do thou perform them (for your sake from a sense of duty) renouncing them all in Me and also abandon the fruits of all actions? at the same time practising selfcontrol.In verse 8 the Yoga of meditation is prescribed for advanced students in verse 9 the Yoga of constant practice if one finds that? too? to be difficult? the performance of actions for the sake of the Lord alone has been taught in verse 10 and those who cannot do even this are asked to abandon the fruits of all actions.Madyogam My Yoga. Surrendering all actions and their fruits to Me is My Yoga.Yatatmavan The man of discrimination who has controlled all the senses? who has withdrawn the senses from sound? touch? form? taste and smell.Now the Lord eulogises the renunciation of the fruits of all actions in order to encourage the aspirants to practise the Yoga of renunciation of the fruits of actions.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
12.11 Atha, if, again; asaktah asi, you are unable; kartum, to do; etat api, even this-what was stated as being 'intent on doing works for Me'; in that case, mad-yogam-asritah, having resorted to the Yoga for Me-the performance of those works that are being done by dedicating them to Me is madyogah; by resorting to that Yoga for Me; tatah, thereafter; sarva-karma-phala-tyagam kuru, renounce, give up, the results of all works; by becoming yata-atmavan, controlled in mind. [In the earlier verse it was enjoined that all works, be they Vedic or secular, are to be considered as belonging to God and should be done for Him-not for oneself-, as a soldier would do for his king. In the present verse it is stated that the attitude should be, 'May this work of mine please God.' This very attitude involves dedicating of results to God. See S.
According to M.S., mat-karma in the earlier verse means bhagavata-dharma, i.e. hearing, singing, etc. about God. In the present verse, sarva-karma means all works in general.-Tr.]
Now the Lord praises the renunciation of the results of all works:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
12.11 If you are unable to do even this 'taking refuge in My Yoga,' i.e., if you are unable even to do actions for My sake, which forms the sprout of Bhakti Yoga, wherein through meditation I am made the exclusive and sole object of love - then you should resort to Aksara Yoga described in the first six chapters. It consists in contemplation on the nature of the individual self. This engenders devotion to the Lord. As a means for practice of this (Aksara Yoga), renounce the fruit of every action.
The state of mind that holds Me as the only worthy object of attainment and love arises only when all the sins of an aspirant are destroyed without exception. 'One with a controlled mind' means one with the mind subdued. When the individual self is visualised to be of the nature of a Sesa (subsidiary) to the Lord, and when the veil of nescience consisting in identifying the self with the body is removed by contemplation on the self generated through the performance of works without attachment to the fruits and with My propitiation as the sole objective - then supreme Bhakti to Me will originate by itself. [The point driven home is this: It is nescience that stands between the Jiva and the Lord. This nescience consists in identification of the self with the body. It is through works done without an eye on their fruits but exclusively as an offering to the Lord, that this nescience is removed. Thus Karma Yoga is the sprout of self-realisation, and of Bhakti. On the nescience being removed, the knowledge that one (i.e., the Jiva) is a Sesa (an absolutely dependent liege) of the Lord, dawns on the Jiva. Such knowledge generates exclusive devotion or Bhakti accompanied by Prapatti. Or if the Jiva gets immersed in Its own bliss, It will attain Kaivalya.]
In the same manner, Sri Krsna will further show in the text beginning with 'By worshipping Him with his work will a man reach perfection' (18.46) and ending with 'Forsaking the feeling of "I" and with no feeling of "mine" and tranil, one becomes worthy of the state of Brahman. Having realised the state of Brahman, tranil, he neither grieves nor craves. Regarding all beings alike, he attains supreme devotion to Me' (18.53-54).
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
12.11 Atha etc. In case due to ignorance, you do not know the method, enjoined in the scriptures and hence you are not able to perform actions for the Lord, then renounce (dedicate) all that to Me, through offering your own self [to Me]. This is the intention [here]. Holding the same intention, I have myself declared in the Laghuprakriya as :
'Whatever action I have done, whether it is incomplete or superfluous, not properly understood, bereft of a proper order of precedence, devoid of [good] care, and full of slip of intellect;
O Lord of All ! Please, with mercy forgive all these of me, the afflicted and foolish devotee of Yours; for you are compassionate;
With this prayer-Yoga, I offer myself to You [so that] I do not become a receptacle of miseries again unnecessarily.'
the same idea may be observed in the scriptural texts of the Siddhanta [system] - that have the Supreme Lord as their subject matter - while they speak of offering oneself [to the Lord].
The same purport is summed up -
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।12.11।। पूर्व श्लोक में? हमें अहंकार का सर्वथा त्याग करके जगत् में कर्म करने का उपदेश दिया गया था। अत्यन्त अहंकारी और मानी पुरुष के लिए यह कार्य़ इतना सरल नहीं है। ऐसा पुरुष रजोगुण के कारण अत्यन्त क्षुब्ध रहता है तथा तमोगुण की निम्नस्तरीय प्रवृत्तियों के कारण उसका व्यक्तित्व विषाक्त रहता है। ऐसे निम्न स्तर के व्यक्ति के लिए भी गीता में साधन मार्ग बताया गया है। प्राय ऐसा पुरुष सभी धर्मों के लिए निराशा का ही विषय बन जाता है। परन्तु? गीता में ऐसे दीर्घस्थायी रोग से पीड़ित रोगियों के लिये भी विचारपूर्वक उपचार बताया गया है। वह उपचार सरल किन्तु ऐसा प्रभावी है कि उसके द्वारा उस रोगी को रोग से सर्वथा मुक्त कर उस्ो सर्वोच्च व्यक्तित्व की आभा तथा कार्यकुशलता प्रदान की जा सकती है।यदि समस्त कर्मों को ईश्वरार्पण बुद्धि से कर पाना असंभव है? तो उस साधक के लिए उतना ही प्रभावी अन्य उपाय यहाँ बताया गया है कि? आत्मसंयम से युक्त होकर? मेरी प्राप्ति रूप योग का आश्रय लेकर? तुम समस्त कर्मों के फलों का त्याग करो।ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण को वे लोग अप्रिय हैं? जो केवल वेतनार्थी होते हैं। परन्तु उनका यह द्वेष मध्यमवर्गीय अथवा उच्चवर्गीय लोगों के मन में पसीना बहाने वाले मजदूरों के प्रति तिरस्कार नहीं समझना चाहिए। समाजवाद की प्रणाली वाले राष्ट्र में प्रत्येक शिक्षित व्यक्ति के मन में श्रीकृष्ण की यह अधीरता उठती है। वे अपने राष्ट्र में ऐसे लोगों को सहन नहीं कर सकते? जो केवल वेतन या व्यक्तिगत लाभ के लिए ही कर्म करते हैं। ऐसे समादवादी राष्ट्र में ऐसा प्रत्येक कर्मचारी दण्ड के योग्य अपराधी माना जायेगा जो अधिकतम अकुशलता से किये गये? न्यूनतम समय के कार्य के लिए उच्चतम वेतन की मांग करता है। इस प्रकार के वेतनार्थियों के प्रति भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण की अप्रियता उनके उपदेशों में स्पष्ट दिखाई देती है।वर्तमान क्षण में किया गया कर्म ही परिपक्व होकर भविष्य के क्षण में फल बनकर प्रकट होता है। आज? यदि कोई कृषक भूमि को जोतकर बीज बोता है? तो उसे वह फसल दोतीन महीनों के पश्चात् ही प्राप्त होगी। और यदि वह कृषक वर्तमान में करने योग्य कार्य को त्यागकर भविष्य में आने वाले फल की ही चिन्ता करने में समय का अपव्यय करे? तो निश्चय ही उसे कभी लाभ प्राप्त नहीं हो सकता। यद्यपि यह एक सुविदित तथ्य है? तथापि बहुसंख्यक लोग वर्तमान में प्राप्त अवसरों को केवल भविष्य की चिन्ता करने में ही खो देते हैं। भविष्य की चिन्ता एवं भय के कारण हमारी समस्त क्षमताएं नष्ट हो जाती हैं? और वह मनकल्पित अन्धकारमय भविष्य तो अभी आया ही नहीं हैं? और सम्भवत कभी आये भी नहीं यहाँ भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण केवल हमें इस बात के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं कि हम भविष्य विषयक इन व्यर्थ कल्पनाओं को त्याग दें और वर्तमान काल में ही सजग परिपूर्ण और प्रभावी जीवन जियें। इस प्रकार का जीवन जीने से भी हमारा व्यक्तित्व सुगठित और मन एकाग्र और समर्थ बन सकता है।उपर्युक्त तीन श्लोकों में तीन प्रकार के साधकों के लिए तीन भिन्नभिन्न साधनाएं बतायी गयी हैं। सभी मनुष्य किसी सीमा तक बहिर्मुखी होते ही हैं। दो मनुष्यों के बीच जो अन्तर होता है? वह उन दोनों के अन्तकरण में स्थित वासनाओं की परतों की मोटाई के कारण होता है। यदि एक पीतल का पात्र हल्कासा मैला हुआ हो? तो उसे चमकाने के लिए केवल राख से मांजना ही पर्याप्त होता है यदि वह मैल अधिक घना हो तो उसकी स्वच्छता के लिए कुछ अम्ल की आवश्यकता होती है। इसी प्रकार? यदि मन में वासनाओं की पतली परत ही है तो उससे उत्पन्न होने वाले विक्षेपों को अभ्यासयोग के द्वारा नियन्त्रित किया जा सकता है। परन्तु वासनाधिक्य होने पर कर्मयोग की आवश्यकता होगी? जिसमें साधक को समस्त कर्म ईश्वर को अर्पण करने का उपदेश दिया गया है। यदि किसी पुरुष के अन्तकरण में वासनाओं की परतें और भी घनी हों? तो उसे कर्मफल का त्याग करने को कहा जाता है। यहाँ कर्मफल त्याग का अर्थ यह है कि भविष्य में आने वाले फलों की व्यर्थ की चिन्ताओं और कल्पनाओं का सर्वथा त्याग कर देना और वर्तमान में कर्म करते रहना। जैसा कि मैंने पहले भी कहा है? विश्व के किसी भी आध्यात्मिक ग्रन्थ में आत्मविकास के लिए इतने विविध और विस्तृत मार्गों का विवेचन नहीं किया गया है? जितना भगवद्गीता में हैं।उपर्य़ुक्त तीन साधनों का अभ्यास एक साथ नहीं हो सकता है। उन्हें क्रमवार करना है। इस बात को दर्शाते हुए? अगले श्लोक में? भगवान् सर्वकर्मफल त्याग की प्रशंसा करते हैं
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।।12.11।। व्याख्या--'अथैतदप्यशक्तोऽसि कर्तुं मद्योगमाश्रितः'--पूर्वश्लोकमें भगवान्ने अपने लिये ही सम्पूर्ण कर्म करनेसे अपनी प्राप्ति बतायी और अब इस श्लोकमें वे सम्पूर्ण कर्मोंके फलत्यागरूप साधनकी बात बता रहे हैं। वहाँ भगवान्के लिये समस्त कर्म करनेमें भक्तिकी प्रधानता होनेसे उसे 'भक्तियोग' कहेंगे और यहाँ सर्वकर्मफलत्यागमें केवल फलत्यागकी मुख्यता होनेसे इसे 'कर्मयोग' कहेंगे। इस प्रकार भगवत्प्राप्तिके ये दोनों ही स्वतन्त्र (पृथक्-पृथक्) साधन हैं।
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 11 of 20 in Chapter 12 · Bhakti-Yoga (The Yoga of Devotion)
- Chapter theme: Supreme devotion · the 39 qualities of the dear-bhakta · na cirāt rescue
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TAT-Ṣaṭka (BG 7-12 · the Lord)
- Chapter hub: /bhakti-yoga
- ⭐ Mahābhārata anchor: this verse is also MBh 6.34.11 (Bhīṣma-Parva · the BG in its full narrative home)
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🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)