🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 1.12
Chapter 1 · अर्जुनविषादयोग · Arjuna-Viṣāda-Yoga · "The Yoga of Arjuna's Despondency" · Verse 12 of 47
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
1.12 Then to enliven his spirits, the brave Grandfather Bheeshma, eldest of the Kuru-clan, blew his conch, till it sounded like a lion's roar.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
1.12. His glorious grandsire (Bhishma), the oldest of the Kauravas,
in order to cheer Duryodhana, now roared like a lion, and blew his conch.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
1.12 Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
1.1 - 1.19 Dhrtarastra said - Sanjaya said Duryodhana, after viewing the forces of Pandavas protected by Bhima, and his own forces protected by Bhisma conveyed his views thus to Drona, his teacher, about the adeacy of Bhima's forces for conering the Kaurava forces and the inadeacy of his own forces for victory against the Pandava forces. He was grief-stricken within.
Observing his (Duryodhana's) despondecny, Bhisma, in order to cheer him, roared like a lion, and then blowing his conch, made his side sound their conchs and kettle-drums, which made an uproar as a sign of victory. Then, having heard that great tumult, Arjuna and Sri Krsna the Lord of all lords, who was acting as the charioteer of Arjuna, sitting in their great chariot which was powerful enough to coner the three worlds; blew their divine conchs Srimad Pancajanya and Devadatta. Then, both Yudhisthira and Bhima blew their respective conchs separately. That tumult rent asunder the hearts of your sons, led by Duryodhana. The sons of Dhrtarastra then thought, 'Our cause is almost lost now itself.' So said Sanjaya to Dhrtarastra who was longing for their victory.
Sanjaya said to Dhrtarastra: Then, seeing the Kauravas, who were ready for battle, Arjuna, who had Hanuman, noted for his exploit of burning Lanka, as the emblem on his flag on his chariot, directed his charioteer Sri Krsna, the Supreme Lord-who is overcome by parental love for those who take shelter in Him who is the treasure-house of knowledge, power, lordship, energy, potency and splendour, whose sportive delight brings about the origin, sustentation and dissolution of the entire cosmos at His will, who is the Lord of the senses, who controls in all ways the senses inner and outer of all, superior and inferior - by saying, 'Station my chariot in an appropriate place in order that I may see exactly my enemies who are eager for battle.'
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
1.12. Generating joy in him, the powerful paternal grandfather (Bhisma), the seniormost among the Kurus, roared highly a lion-roar and blew his conchshell.
🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद
For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।1.12।। दुर्योधन के हृदय में हर्ष उत्पन्न करते हुए कुरुवृद्ध प्रभावशाली पितामह भीष्म ने सिंह के समान गरज कर जोर से शंख बजाया।
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
1.12 तस्य his (Duryodhanas)? संजयन् causing? हर्षम् joy? कुरुवृद्धः oldest of the Kurus? पितामहः grandfather? सिंहनादम् lions roar? विनद्य having sounded? उच्चैः loudly? शङ्खम् conch? दध्मौ blew? प्रतापवान् the glorious.No Commentary.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
1.12 Sri Sankaracharya did not comment on this sloka. The commentary starts from 2.10.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
1.1 - 1.19 Dhrtarastra said - Sanjaya said Duryodhana, after viewing the forces of Pandavas protected by Bhima, and his own forces protected by Bhisma conveyed his views thus to Drona, his teacher, about the adeacy of Bhima's forces for conering the Kaurava forces and the inadeacy of his own forces for victory against the Pandava forces. He was grief-stricken within.
Observing his (Duryodhana's) despondecny, Bhisma, in order to cheer him, roared like a lion, and then blowing his conch, made his side sound their conchs and kettle-drums, which made an uproar as a sign of victory. Then, having heard that great tumult, Arjuna and Sri Krsna the Lord of all lords, who was acting as the charioteer of Arjuna, sitting in their great chariot which was powerful enough to coner the three worlds; blew their divine conchs Srimad Pancajanya and Devadatta. Then, both Yudhisthira and Bhima blew their respective conchs separately. That tumult rent asunder the hearts of your sons, led by Duryodhana. The sons of Dhrtarastra then thought, 'Our cause is almost lost now itself.' So said Sanjaya to Dhrtarastra who was longing for their victory.
Sanjaya said to Dhrtarastra: Then, seeing the Kauravas, who were ready for battle, Arjuna, who had Hanuman, noted for his exploit of burning Lanka, as the emblem on his flag on his chariot, directed his charioteer Sri Krsna, the Supreme Lord-who is overcome by parental love for those who take shelter in Him who is the treasure-house of knowledge, power, lordship, energy, potency and splendour, whose sportive delight brings about the origin, sustentation and dissolution of the entire cosmos at His will, who is the Lord of the senses, who controls in all ways the senses inner and outer of all, superior and inferior - by saying, 'Station my chariot in an appropriate place in order that I may see exactly my enemies who are eager for battle.'
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
1.12 1.29 Sri Abhinavgupta did not comment upon this sloka.
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।1.12।। दुर्योधन की मूर्खतापूर्ण वाचालता के कारण उसकी सेना के योद्धाओं की स्थिति बड़ी विचित्र सी हो रही थी। उन पर भी उदासी का प्रभाव प्रकट होने लगा जिसे भीष्म वहीं निकट खड़े देख रहे थे। भीष्म पितामह ने कर्मशील द्रोणाचार्य के मौन में छिपे क्रोध को समझ लिया। उन्होंने यह जाना कि इन सबको इस मनस्थिति से बाहर निकालने की आवश्यकता है अन्यथा स्थिति को इसी प्रकार छोड़ देने पर आसन्न युद्ध के समय योद्धागण प्रभावहीन हो जायेंगे। योद्धाओं के इस मनोभाव को समझते हुये सेनापति भीष्म पितामह ने दुर्योधन के साथ सभी सैनिकों के मन में हर्ष और विश्वास की तरंगें उत्पन्न करने के लिये पूरी शक्ति से शंखनाद किया।यद्यपि भीष्माचार्य का यह शंखनाद दुर्योधन के प्रति करुणा से प्रेरित था तथापि उसका अर्थ युद्धारम्भ की घोषणा करने वाला सिद्ध हुआ जैसे कि आधुनिक युद्धों में पहली गोली चलाकर युद्ध प्ररम्भ होता है। शंख के इस सिंहनाद के साथ महाभारत के युद्ध का प्रारम्भ हुआ और इतिहास की दृष्टि से कौरव ही आक्रमणकारी सिद्ध होते हैं।
🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या
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🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।1.12।। व्याख्या--'तस्य संजनयन् हर्षम्'-- यद्यपि दुर्योधनके हृदयमें हर्ष होना शंखध्वनिका कार्य है और शंखध्वनि कारण है, इसलिये यहाँ शंखध्वनिका वर्णन पहले और हर्ष होनेका वर्णन पीछे होना चाहिये अर्थात् यहाँ 'शंख बजाते हुए दुर्योधनको हर्षित किया'--ऐसा कहा जाना चाहिये। परन्तु यहाँ ऐसा न कहकर यही कहा है कि 'दुर्योधनको हर्षित करते हुये भीष्मजीने शंख बजाया'। कारण कि ऐसा कहकर सञ्जय यह भाव प्रकट कर रहे हैं कि पितामह भीष्मकी शंखवादन क्रियामात्रसे दुर्योधनके हृदयमें हर्ष उत्पन्न हो ही जायगा। भीष्मजीके इस प्रभावको द्योतन करनेके लिये ही सञ्जय आगे 'प्रतापवान्' विशेषण देते हैं।
'कुरुवृद्धः'-- यद्यपि कुरुवंशियोंमें आयुकी दृष्टिसे भीष्मजीसे भी अधिक वृद्ध बाह्लीक थे (जो कि भीष्मजीके पिता शान्तनुके छोटे भाई थे), तथापि कुरुवंशियोंमें जितने बड़े-बूढ़े थे, उन सबमें भीष्मजी धर्म और ईश्वरको विशेषतासे जाननेवाले थे। अतः ज्ञानवृद्ध होनेके कारण सञ्जय भीष्मजीके लिये 'कुरुवृद्धः' विशेषण देते हैं।
'प्रतापवान्'-- भीष्मजीके त्यागका बड़ा प्रभाव था। वे कनक-कामिनीके त्यागी थे अर्थात् उन्होंने राज्य भी स्वीकार नहीं किया और विवाह भी नहीं किया। भीष्मजी अस्त्र-शस्त्रको चलानेमें बड़े निपुण थे और शास्त्रके भी बड़े जानकार थे। उनके इन दोनों गुणोंका भी लोगोंपर बड़ा प्रभाव था।
जब अकेले भीष्म अपने भाई विचित्रवीर्यके लिये काशिराजकी कन्याओंको स्वयंवरसे हरकर ला रहे थे तब वहाँ स्वयंवरके लिये इकट्ठे हुए सब क्षत्रिय उनपर टूट पड़े। परन्तु अकेले भीष्मजीने उन सबको हरा दिया। जिनसे भीष्म अस्त्र-शस्त्रकी विद्या पढ़े थे, उन गुरु परशुरामजीके सामने भी उन्होंने अपनी हार स्वीकार नहीं की। इस प्रकार शस्त्रके विषयमें उनका क्षत्रियोंपर बड़ा प्रभाव था।
जब भीष्म शरशय्यापर सोये थे, तब भगवान् श्रीकृष्णने धर्मराजसे कहा कि 'आपको धर्मके विषयमें कोई शंका हो तो भीष्मजीसे पूछ लें; क्योंकि शास्त्रज्ञानका सूर्य अस्ताचलको जा रहा है अर्थात् भीष्मजी इस लोकसे जा रहे
हैं (टिप्पणी प0 11) ।' इस प्रकार शास्त्रके विषयमें उनका दूसरोंपर बड़ा प्रभाव था।
'पितामहः' इस पदका आशय यह मालूम देता है कि दुर्योधनके द्वारा चालाकीसे कही गयी बातोंका द्रोणाचार्यने कोई उत्तर नहीं दिया। उन्होंने यही समझा कि दुर्योधन चालाकीसे मेरेको ठगना चाहता है इसलिये वे चुप ही रहे। परन्तु पितामह (दादा) होनेके नाते भीष्मजीको दुर्योधनकी चालाकीमें उसका बचपना दीखता है। अतः पितामह भीष्म द्रोणाचार्यके समान चुप न रहकर वात्सल्यभावके कारण दुर्योधनको हर्षित करते हुए शंख बजाते हैं।
'सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ'-- जैसे सिंहके गर्जना करनेपर हाथी आदि बड़े-बड़े पशु भी भयभीत हो जाते हैं ऐसे ही गर्जना करनेमात्रसे सभी भयभीत हो जायँ और दुर्योधन प्रसन्न हो जाय--इसी भावसे भीष्मजीने सिंहके समान गरजकर जोरसे शंख बजाया।
सम्बन्ध-- पितामह भीष्मके द्वारा शंख बजानेका परिणाम क्या हुआ इसको सञ्जय आगेके श्लोकमें कहते हैं।
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 12 of 47 in Chapter 1 · Arjuna-Viṣāda-Yoga (The Yoga of Arjuna's Despondency)
- Chapter theme: The seeker's collapse at the threshold of dharma
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /arjuna-vishada
- ⭐ Mahābhārata anchor: this verse is also MBh 6.23.12 (Bhīṣma-Parva · the BG in its full narrative home)
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BG 1.12local Bhagavad-Gītā verse route and source-anchor sectionChapter 1 hubArjuna-Viṣāda-Yoga · The Yoga of Arjuna's DespondencyMBh 6.23.12exact Bhīṣma-Parva source route for this Gītā verse/bhagavad-gitamaster index for all 18 chapters and 701 verse routesBhīṣma-ParvaMahābhārata narrative home where the Bhagavad-Gītā is received/mahabharatafull Itihāsa source spine for Vyāsa Maharṣi's MahābhārataBG 2 · Sāṅkhya YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Sāṅkhya YogaBG 3 · Karma YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma YogaBG 4 · Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaBG 5 · Karma-Sannyāsa YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma-Sannyāsa YogaBG 6 · Dhyāna YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Dhyāna YogaBG 7 · Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)TAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)BG 8 · Akṣara-Brahma YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Akṣara-Brahma YogaBG 9 · Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaBG 10 · Vibhūti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Vibhūti YogaBG 11 · Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaBG 12 · Bhakti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Bhakti YogaBG 13 · Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaBG 14 · Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaBG 15 · Puruṣottama YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Puruṣottama YogaBG 16 · Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaBG 17 · Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaBG 18 · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)ANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)BG 2.47niṣkāma-karma-yoga action disciplineBG 4.34praṇipāta · paripraśna · sevā before tattva-darśī teachersBG 7.7mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat · no source higher than KrishnaBG 9.17Krishna as father, mother, supporter, and grandfatherBG 10.30Krishna as Time among reckonersBG 13.23Paramātmā as witness, permitter, supporter, enjoyer, and LordBG 15.15Krishna seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetfulnessBG 18.61Īśvara situated in the heart of all beingsBG 18.66Carama-Śloka surrender discipline and final refuge/vishwaroopa-darshanaall 18 Gītā chapters rendered as one chart-aware darśana/vishvarupa-chartBG 11 chart-as-Viśvarūpa-darśana aperture/bija-sutrasfounder-curated bīja-pada exposition layer inside selected Gītā verse pages/binduDiamond of Darśanas frame for Gītā source recognition/philosophyKrishna = Paramaatma = Parabrahman constitutional foundation/llms.txtbrief AI-agent source map/llms-full.txtcomprehensive AI-agent access map
📚 Cite this verse · Academic citation formats
APA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. (n.d.). Bhagavad-Gītā 1.12. Vidhyāmitra. Retrieved 2026-07-28, from https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/1/12
Chicago: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 1.12." Vidhyāmitra. Accessed 2026-07-28. https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/1/12.
MLA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 1.12." Vidhyāmitra, 2026, https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/1/12.
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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)