🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 8.2

8.2 अधियज्ञः Adhiyajna? कथम् how? कः who? अत्र here? देहे in body? अस्मिन् this? मधुसूदन O Madhusudana? प्रयाणकाले at the time of death? च and? कथम् how? ज्ञेयः knowable? असि art? नियतात्मभिः by the selfcontrolled.Commentary Arjuna put seven estions to the Lord1. What is that Brahman Is it Brahman with the Upadhis (limiting adjuncts) or Brahman without them2. Is it the aggregate of the senses or individual consciousness (PratyakChaitanya) or distinct? pure consciousness3. What is Karma Is it Yajna Or? is it distinct from Yajna4. Adhibhuta is knowledge of the Bhutas. Is this the knowledge of the elements or something else5. Adhidaiva is that which is associated with the gods. Is this the meditation on the gods Or? is it the consciousness associated with the Suryamandala? etc.6. Adhiyajna is that which is associated with Yajnas or Vedic rituals. Is this the Para Brahman (Supreme Being) or any special god Is it of the same form (Tadatmyarupa) or is it entirely nondifferent (Abheda) Does it exist in the body or outside it If it exists in the body? is it the intellect (Buddhi) or distinct from it7. At the time of death? when the memory is lost and when the senses become cold (i.e.? whenthey lose their vitality) how can the man of onepointedness and of steadfast mind know the LordO Lord Madhusudana Thou art allmerciful. Thou hast killed Madhu and removed the miseries of the people. Even so Thou canst remove my difficulties and doubts very easily. This is nothing for Thee? the omniscient Lord. (This is the reason why Arjuna addresses the Lord by the name Madhusudana.)

8.2 In order to settle these estions seriatim -

8.1 8.2 Arjuna said What are that brahman, Adhyatma and Karma which have been mentioned as what should be known by those who aspire for release from old age and death while they take refuge with the Lord? What are Adhibuta and Adhidaiva, which should be known by the aspirants for wealth? Who is Adhiyajna that is to be known by the three groups as their dying hour. In what manner are You to be known by these three groups who are self-controlled?

8.1-2 What has been introduced by the Bhagavat by saying 'They know that Brahmn etc.,' [at the end of the last chapter], the same [the Sage] decides by raising nine estions [as follows] : Kim tad Brahman etc. Adhiyajnah etc. Who and how is the adhiyajna ? Who in this body ? : 'does reside' may be supplimented.

।।8.2।। पूर्व अध्याय के अन्तिम दो श्लोकों में अकस्मात् ब्रह्म अध्यात्म अधिभूत आदि जैसे नवीन पारिभाषिक शब्दों का प्रयोग किया गया है और कहा है कि ज्ञानी पुरुष मरण काल में भी चित्त युक्त होकर मुझे इनके सहित जानते हैं। इससे अर्जुन कुछ भ्रमित हो गया।इस अध्याय का प्रारम्भ अर्जुन के प्रश्न के साथ होता है जिसमें वह उन शास्त्रीय शब्दों की निश्चित परिभाषायें जानना चाहता है जिनका प्रयोग भगवान् ने अपने उपदेश में किया था। वह यह भी जानने को उत्सुक है कि जीवन काल में सतत आध्यात्मिक साधना के अभ्यास के फलस्वरूप प्राप्त पूर्ण आत्मसंयम के द्वारा मरणकाल में भी आत्मा का अनुभव किस प्रकार प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण प्रत्येक शब्द की परिभाषा देते हुए कहते हैं --