🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 7.5

Chapter 7 · ज्ञानविज्ञानयोग · Jñāna-Vijñāna-Yoga · "The Yoga of Knowledge & Realization" · Verse 5 of 30

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अपरेयमितस्त्वन्यां प्रकृतिं विद्धि मे पराम्।

जीवभूतां महाबाहो ययेदं धार्यते जगत्।।7.5।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 7.5 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
7.5 This is My inferior Nature; but distinct from this, O Valiant One, know thou that my Superior Nature is the very Life which sustains the universe.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
7.5 This is the inferior Prakriti, O mighty-armed (Arjuna); know thou as different from it My higher Prakriti (Nature), the very life-element, by which this world is upheld.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
7.5 O mighty-armed one, iyam, this; is apara, the inferior (Prakrti)-not the higher, (but)-the impure, the source of evil and having the nature of worldly bondage. Viddhi, know; anyam, the other, pure; prakrtim, Prakrti; me, of Mine, which is essentially Myself; which, tu, however;is param, higher, more exalted; itah, than this (Prakrti) already spoken of; Jiva-bhutam, which has taken the form of the individual souls, which is characterized as 'the Knower of the body (field)', and which is the cause of sustenance of life; and yaya, by which Prakriti; idam, this; jagat, world; dharyate, is upheld, by permeating it.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
7.5 This is My lower Prakrti. But know My higher Prakrti which is different from this, i.e., whose nature is different from this inanimate Prakrti constituting the objects of enjoyment to animate beings. It is 'higher', i.e., is more pre-eminent compared to the lower Prakrti which is constituted only of inanimate substances. This higher Nature of Mine is the individual self. Know this as My higher Prakrti through which the whole inanimate universe is sustained.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
7.5. This is the lower [nature of Mine]. Not different from this is My superior nature which has become the individual Soul and by which this world is maintained. O mighty armed (Arjuna), you must know this.

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।7.4 -- 7.5।। पृथ्वी, जल, तेज, वायु, आकाश -- ये पञ्चमहाभूत और मन, बुद्धि तथा अहंकार -- यह आठ प्रकारके भेदोंवाली मेरी अपरा प्रकृति है। हे महाबाहो ! इस 'अपरा' प्रकृतिसे भिन्न मेरी जीवरूपा बनी हुुई मेरी 'परा' प्रकृतिको जान, जिसके द्वारा यह जगत् धारण किया जाता है।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
7.5 अपरा lower? इयम् this? इतः from this? तु but? अन्याम् different? प्रकृतिम् nature? विद्धि know? मे My? पराम् higher? जीवभूताम् the very lifeelement? महाबाहो O mightyarmed? यया by which? इदम् this? धार्यते is upheld? जगत् world.Commentary The eightfold Nature described in the previous verse is the inferior Nature. It constitutes the Kshetra or the field or matter. It is impure. It generates evil and causes bondage. But the superior Nature is pure. It is My very Self? Kshetrajna (knower of the field or Spirit) by which life is sustained? and that which enters within the whole world and upholds it. It is the very lifeelement or the principle of Selfconsciousness? by which this universe is sustained.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
7.5 O mighty-armed one, iyam, this; is apara, the inferior (Prakrti)-not the higher, (but)-the impure, the source of evil and having the nature of worldly bondage. Viddhi, know; anyam, the other, pure; prakrtim, Prakrti; me, of Mine, which is essentially Myself; which, tu, however;is param, higher, more exalted; itah, than this (Prakrti) already spoken of; Jiva-bhutam, which has taken the form of the individual souls, which is characterized as 'the Knower of the body (field)', and which is the cause of sustenance of life; and yaya, by which Prakriti; idam, this; jagat, world; dharyate, is upheld, by permeating it.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
7.5 This is My lower Prakrti. But know My higher Prakrti which is different from this, i.e., whose nature is different from this inanimate Prakrti constituting the objects of enjoyment to animate beings. It is 'higher', i.e., is more pre-eminent compared to the lower Prakrti which is constituted only of inanimate substances. This higher Nature of Mine is the individual self. Know this as My higher Prakrti through which the whole inanimate universe is sustained.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
7.4-5 Bhumih etc. Apard etc. [The demonstrative] 'this' denotes what is being perceived [as objects] through sense-organs by all men at the stage of mundane life. This is only one and at the same time is divided eigth-fold. Therefore the universe is one and unitary, because it is made of one single material cause. By this statement, monism is demonstrated even while following the Prakrti theory. The selfsame Prakrti has become the living one i.e., the personal Soul. Hence it is superior [to what has become eight-fold]. It also belongs to Me alone and not to anybody else. This Prakrti is [thus] two-fold and varied in the form of the universe consisting of the knowables and the knower. That is why this Prakrti (the basic material nature), being the substratum of all beings reflected on the surface of the clean mirror, viz., the Self , is nothing but Self's own nature and [hence] never leaves Him. This world : the Earth etc. [mentioned in the 4th verse].
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।7.5।। अष्टधा प्रकृति अपरा जड़ है। उसे बताने के पश्चात् उससे भिन्न अपनी परा प्रकृति को भगवान् बताते हैं। वह परा प्रकृति जीवरूप अर्थात् चेतन रूप है जिसके कारण ही शरीर मन और बुद्धि अपनेअपने कार्य इस प्रकार करते हैं मानो वे स्वयं ही चेतन हों।इस चेतन की विद्यमानता में ही उपाधियाँ अपना व्यापार कर सकती हैं अन्यथा नहीं। चैतन्य के बिना हमें न बाह्य स्थूल जगत् का और न आन्तरिक सूक्ष्म विचार रूप जगत् का ही अनुभव और ज्ञान हो सकता है। वही जगत् को धारण किये हुए है। उसके अभाव में हमारी दशा एक पाषाण के समान हो जायेगी जिसमें न चेननता है और न बुद्धिमत्ता।भगवान् के इस कथन को कि परा प्रकृति जगत् का आधार है भौतिक विज्ञान की दृष्टि से विचार करके भी सिद्ध किया जा सकता है। हम अपने घर में रहते हैं जिसका आधार है भूमि। उस भूमिभाग का आधार है शहर शहर का राष्ट्र और राष्ट्र का आधार विश्व है विश्व घिरा हुआ है समुद्र के जल से जिसकी स्थिति वायुमण्डल पर निर्भर करती है। यह वायुमण्डल तो सौरमण्डल अथवा ग्रहमण्डल का एक भाग है। सम्पूर्ण विश्व आकाश में स्थित है और आकाश स्थित है मन में स्थित आकाश की कल्पना पर। मन का आधार है बुद्धि का निर्णय। और क्योंकि बुद्धिवृत्तियों का ज्ञान चैतन्य के कारण ही संभव है इसलिए यह चैतन्य ही सम्पूर्ण जगत् का आधार सिद्ध होता है। व्ाही जगत् का अधिष्ठान है।दर्शनशास्त्र में जगत् का अर्थ केवल इन्द्रियगोचर जगत् ही नहीं वरन् मन तथा बुद्धि के द्वारा अनुभूयमान जगत् भी उस शब्द की परिभाषा मे समाविष्ट है। इस प्रकार बाह्य विषय भावनाएं और विचार ये सब जगत् ही हैं। यह सम्पूर्ण जगत् चेतनस्वरूप परा प्रकृति के द्वारा धारण किया जाता है।

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।7.5।। व्याख्या--'भूमिरापोऽनलो वायुः ৷৷. विद्धि मे पराम्'--परमात्मा सबके कारण हैं। वे प्रकृतिको लेकर सृष्टिकी रचना करते हैं (टिप्पणी प0 397.1)। जिस प्रकृतिको लेकर रचना करते हैं, उसका नाम 'अपरा प्रकृति' है और अपना अंश जो जीव है, उसको भगवान् 'परा प्रकृति' कहते हैं। अपरा प्रकृति निकृष्ट, जड और परिवर्तनशील है तथा परा प्रकृति श्रेष्ठ, चेतन और परिवर्तनशील है।प्रत्येक मनुष्यका भिन्न-भिन्न स्वभाव होता है। जैसे स्वभावको मनुष्यसे अलग सिद्ध नहीं कर सकते, ऐसे ही परमात्माकी प्रकृतिको परमात्मासे अलग (स्वतन्त्र) सिद्ध नहीं कर सकते। यह प्रकृति प्रभुका ही एक स्वभाव है; इसलिये इसका नाम 'प्रकृति' है। इसी प्रकार परमात्माका अंश होनेसे जीवको परमात्मासे भिन्न सिद्ध नहीं कर सकते; क्योंकि यह परमात्माका स्वरूप है। परमात्माका स्वरूप होनेपर भी केवल अपरा प्रकृतिके साथ सम्बन्ध जोड़नेके कारण इस जीवात्माको प्रकृति कहा गया है। अपरा प्रकृतिके सम्बन्धसे अपनेमें कृति (करना) माननेके कारण ही यह जीवरूप है। अगर यह अपनेमें कृति न माने तो यह परमात्मस्वरूप ही है; फिर इसकी जीव या प्रकृति संज्ञा नहीं रहती अर्थात् इसमें बन्धनकारक कर्तृत्व और भोक्तृत्व नहीं रहता (गीता 18। 17)।

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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)