🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 3.42
Chapter 3 · कर्मयोग · Karma-Yoga · "The Yoga of Action" · Verse 42 of 43
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
3.42 It is said that the senses are powerful. But beyond the senses is the mind, beyond the mind is the intellect, and beyond and greater than intellect is He.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
3.42 They say that the senses are superior (to the body); superior to the senses is the mind; superior to the mind is the intellect; one who is superior even to the intellect is He (the Self).
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
3.42 The learned ones ahuh, say; that indriyani, the five [Five sense-organs: of vision, hearning, taste, smell and touch; five motor-organs: hands, feet, speech, and for excretion and generation-these latter five are also understood in the present context.] organs-ear etc., are parani, superior, to the external, gross and limited body, from the point of view of subtlety, inner position, pervasiveness, etc. So also, manah, the mind, having the nature of thinking and doubting; [Sankalpa: will, volition, intention, thought, reflection, imangination, etc. vikalpa:doubt, uncertainly, indecision, suspicion, error, etc.-V.S.A.] is param, superior; indriyhyah, to the organs. Similarly, buddhih, the intellect, having the nature of determination; is para, superior; manasah, to the mind. And yah, the one who is innermost as compared with all the objects of perception ending with the intellect, and with regard to which Dweller in the body it has been said that desire, in association with its 'abodes' counting from the organs, deludes It by shrouding Knowledge; sah, that one; is tu, however; paratah, superior; buddheh, to the intellect- He, the supreme Self, is the witness of the intellect. [The portion, 'with regard to which Dweller৷৷.the supreme Self,' is translated from Ast. Which has the same reading here as the A.A. The G1. Pr. Makes the "abode''
counting from the organs' an adjective of 'the Dweller in the body', and omits the portion, 'is tu, however৷৷.buddheh, to the intellect'.-Tr.]
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
3.42 The senses are called the important obstacles of knowledge, because when the senses keep operating on their objects, the knowledge of the self cannot arise. 'The mind is higher than the senses': even if the senses are withdrawn, if the Manas (mind) ruminates over sense objects, knowledge of the self cannot be had. 'The intellect (Buddhi) is greater than the mind', i.e., even if the mind is indifferent to sense objects, a perverted decision by the intellect can obstruct the dawn of the knowledge of the self. But even if all of them upto the intellect are ietened from their activity, still when desire, identified with will, originating from Rajas, is operating, it by itself obstructs the knowledge of the self by inducing the senses etc., to operate in their fields. Thus it is said here: 'But what is greater than intellect is that.' What is greater than the intellect - is desire. Such is the sense of the last sentence here.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
3.42. Different are the sense-organs [from their objects], they say; from the sense-organs different is the mind; from the mind too the intellect is different; what is different from the intellect is That (Self).
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
3.42 इन्द्रियाणि the senses? पराणि superior? आहुः (they) say? इन्द्रियेभ्यः than the senses? परम् superior? मनः the mind? मनसः than the mind? तु but? परा superior? बुद्धिः intellect? यः who? बुद्धेः than the intellect? परतः greater? तु but? सः He.Commentary When compared with the physical body which is gross? external and limited? the senses are certainly superior as they are more subtle? internal and have a wider range of activity. The mind is superior to the senses? as the senses cannot do anything independently without the help of the mind. The mind can perform the functions of the five senses. The intellect is superior to the mind because it is endowed with the faculty of discrimination. When the mind is in a state of doubt? the intellect comes to its resuce. The Self? the Witness? is superior even to the intellect? as the intellect borrows its light from the Self.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
3.42 The learned ones ahuh, say; that indriyani, the five [Five sense-organs: of vision, hearning, taste, smell and touch; five motor-organs: hands, feet, speech, and for excretion and generation-these latter five are also understood in the present context.] organs-ear etc., are parani, superior, to the external, gross and limited body, from the point of view of subtlety, inner position, pervasiveness, etc. So also, manah, the mind, having the nature of thinking and doubting; [Sankalpa: will, volition, intention, thought, reflection, imangination, etc. vikalpa:doubt, uncertainly, indecision, suspicion, error, etc.-V.S.A.] is param, superior; indriyhyah, to the organs. Similarly, buddhih, the intellect, having the nature of determination; is para, superior; manasah, to the mind. And yah, the one who is innermost as compared with all the objects of perception ending with the intellect, and with regard to which Dweller in the body it has been said that desire, in association with its 'abodes' counting from the organs, deludes It by shrouding Knowledge; sah, that one; is tu, however; paratah, superior; buddheh, to the intellect- He, the supreme Self, is the witness of the intellect. [The portion, 'with regard to which Dweller৷৷.the supreme Self,' is translated from Ast. Which has the same reading here as the A.A. The G1. Pr. Makes the "abode''
counting from the organs' an adjective of 'the Dweller in the body', and omits the portion, 'is tu, however৷৷.buddheh, to the intellect'.-Tr.]
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
3.42 The senses are called the important obstacles of knowledge, because when the senses keep operating on their objects, the knowledge of the self cannot arise. 'The mind is higher than the senses': even if the senses are withdrawn, if the Manas (mind) ruminates over sense objects, knowledge of the self cannot be had. 'The intellect (Buddhi) is greater than the mind', i.e., even if the mind is indifferent to sense objects, a perverted decision by the intellect can obstruct the dawn of the knowledge of the self. But even if all of them upto the intellect are ietened from their activity, still when desire, identified with will, originating from Rajas, is operating, it by itself obstructs the knowledge of the self by inducing the senses etc., to operate in their fields. Thus it is said here: 'But what is greater than intellect is that.' What is greater than the intellect - is desire. Such is the sense of the last sentence here.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
3.42 See Comment under 3.43
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।3.42।। तृतीय अध्याय के अन्तिम दो श्लोकों में व्यास जी ने उस परिपूर्ण साधना की ओर संकेत किया है जिसके अभ्यास से कोई भी साधक सफलतापूर्वक अपने शत्रु काम को खोजकर उसका नाश कर सकता है।यद्यपि भगवद्गीता के प्रारम्भ के अध्यायों में ही हम ध्यानविधि के विस्तृत विवेचन की अपेक्षा नहीं कर सकते फिर भी इन श्लोकों में भगवान् आत्मप्राप्ति के उपाय रूप ध्यानविधि की रूपरेखा प्रस्तुत करते हैं।बाह्य जगत् की वस्तुओं की तुलना में हमारे लिए अपनी इन्द्रियाँ अधिक महत्त्व की होती हैं। कर्मेन्द्रियों की अपेक्षा ज्ञानेन्द्रियाँ अधिक श्रेष्ठ और सूक्ष्म हैं। हमारा सबका अनुभव है कि मन ही इन्द्रियों को नियन्त्रित करता है अत यहाँ मन को इन्द्रियों से सूक्ष्म और परे कहा गया है।निसन्देह मन के विचरण का क्षेत्र पर्याप्त विस्तृत है फिर भी उसकी अपनी सीमाएँ हैं। एक ज्ञान के पश्चात् अन्य ज्ञान को प्राप्त कर हम अपने मन की सीमा बढ़ाते हैं और विजय के इस अभियान में बुद्धि ही सर्वप्रथम मन के वर्तमान ज्ञान की सीमा रेखा को पार करके उसके लिए ज्ञान के नये राज्यों को विजित करती है। इस दृष्टि से बुद्धि की व्यापकता और भी अधिक विस्तृत है इसलिए बुद्धि को मन से श्रेष्ठतर कहा गया है। जो बुद्धि के भी परे तत्त्व है उसे ही आत्मा कहते हैं।बुद्धिवृत्तियों को प्रकाशित करने वाला चैतन्य बुद्धि से भी सूक्ष्म होना ही चाहिये। उपनिषदों में कहा गया है कि इस चैतन्यस्वरूप आत्मा के परे और कुछ नहीं है। ध्यानसाधनामें शरीर मन और बुद्धि उपाधियों से अपने तादात्म्य को हटाकर आत्मस्वरूप में स्थित होने का सजग प्रयत्न किया जाता है। ये सभी प्रयत्न तब समाप्त हो जाते हैं जब सब मिथ्या वस्तुओं की ओर से अपना ध्यान हटाकर हम निर्विषय चैतन्यस्वरूप बनकर स्थित हो जाते हैं।भगवान् आगे कहते हैं
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 42 of 43 in Chapter 3 · Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)
- Chapter theme: Action as worship · the yajña-cycle · sva-dharma over para-dharma
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /karma-yoga
🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)