🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 3.2
Chapter 3 · कर्मयोग · Karma-Yoga · "The Yoga of Action" · Verse 2 of 43
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
3.2 Thy language perplexes me and confuses my reason. Therefore please tell me the only way by which I may, without doubt, secure my spiritual welfare.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
3.2 With this apparently perplexing speech, Thou confusest, as it were, my understanding; therefore tell me that one way for certain by which I may attain bliss.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
3.2 'Though the Lord speaks lucidly, still, to me who am of a dull understanding, the Lord's utterance appears to be conflicting.' 'Mohayasi, You bewilder; me, any; buddhim, understanding; iva, as it were; vyamisrena iva, by that seemingly conflicting; vakyena, statement! You have surely undertaken to dispel the confusion of my understanding; but why do You bewildered (it)? Hence I say, "You bewildered my understanding, as it were."'
However, if You [In some readings, 'tvam tu, however, you', is substituted by 'tatra, as to that'.-Tr.] think that it is impossible for a single person to pursue both Knowledge and action, which can be undertaken (only) by different persons then, that being the case, vada, tell me; niscitya, for certain; tadekam, one of these, either Knowledge or action: "This indeed is fit for Arjuna, according to his understanding, strength and situation"; yena, by which, by one of either Knowledge or action; aham, I; apnuyam, may attain; sreyah, the highest Good.'
Even if Knowledge had been spoken of at all by the Lord as being subsidiary to steadfastness in action, how then could there be the desire in Arjuna to know of only one of them, as expressed in 'Tell me one of these two?' Certainly the Lord did not say, 'I shall speak of only one among Knowledge and action, but surely not of both', owing to which, Arjuna, considering it impossible for himself to acire both, should have prayed for one only!
The answer was in accordance witht the estion:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
3.2 Conseently, it appears to me as if 'you confuse me with statements that seem to contradict each other.' For, firm devotion to knowledge which forms the means for the vision of the self and which is of the nature of stopping the operations of the senses on the one hand, and on the other exhortation to action which is of a nature opposite to it, i.e., knowledge, as a means to the same vision of that Atman - these statements are contradictory and confusing. Therefore tell me clearly the path following which I can take a determined course and win the Supreme Being.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
3.2. You appear to perplex my intellect with Your speech that looks confusing. Hence tell me, with certainty, that particular thing by which I may attain the good (emancipation).
🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद
For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · the highest-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition.
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।3.1 -- 3.2।। अर्जुन बोले -- हे जनार्दन! अगर आप कर्मसे बुद्धि- (ज्ञान-) को श्रेष्ठ मानते हैं, तो फिर हे केशव! मुझे घोर कर्ममें क्यों लगाते हैं ? आप अपने मिले हुए-से वचनोंसे मेरी बुद्धिको मोहित-सी कर रहे हैं। अतः आप निश्चय करके एक बात को कहिये, जिससे मैं कल्याणको प्राप्त हो जाऊँ।
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
3.2 व्यामिश्रेण perplexing? इव as it were? वाक्येन with speech? बुद्धिम् understanding? मोहयसि (Thou) confusest? इव as it were? मे my? तत् that? एकम् one? वद tell? निश्चित्य for certain? येन by which? श्रेयः bliss (the good or the highest)? अहम् I? आप्नुयाम् may attain.Commentary Arjuna says to Lord Krishna? Tecah me one of the two? knowledge or action? by which I may attain to the highest good or bliss or Moksha. (Cf.V.I).
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
3.2 'Though the Lord speaks lucidly, still, to me who am of a dull understanding, the Lord's utterance appears to be conflicting.' 'Mohayasi, You bewilder; me, any; buddhim, understanding; iva, as it were; vyamisrena iva, by that seemingly conflicting; vakyena, statement! You have surely undertaken to dispel the confusion of my understanding; but why do You bewildered (it)? Hence I say, "You bewildered my understanding, as it were."'
However, if You [In some readings, 'tvam tu, however, you', is substituted by 'tatra, as to that'.-Tr.] think that it is impossible for a single person to pursue both Knowledge and action, which can be undertaken (only) by different persons then, that being the case, vada, tell me; niscitya, for certain; tadekam, one of these, either Knowledge or action: "This indeed is fit for Arjuna, according to his understanding, strength and situation"; yena, by which, by one of either Knowledge or action; aham, I; apnuyam, may attain; sreyah, the highest Good.'
Even if Knowledge had been spoken of at all by the Lord as being subsidiary to steadfastness in action, how then could there be the desire in Arjuna to know of only one of them, as expressed in 'Tell me one of these two?' Certainly the Lord did not say, 'I shall speak of only one among Knowledge and action, but surely not of both', owing to which, Arjuna, considering it impossible for himself to acire both, should have prayed for one only!
The answer was in accordance witht the estion:
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
3.2 Conseently, it appears to me as if 'you confuse me with statements that seem to contradict each other.' For, firm devotion to knowledge which forms the means for the vision of the self and which is of the nature of stopping the operations of the senses on the one hand, and on the other exhortation to action which is of a nature opposite to it, i.e., knowledge, as a means to the same vision of that Atman - these statements are contradictory and confusing. Therefore tell me clearly the path following which I can take a determined course and win the Supreme Being.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
3.1-2 Jyayasi etc. and Vyamisrena etc. Action has been taught and knowledge too. Now it is proper [to attach] importance not to both, but only to knowledge. Now if with the strenght of knowledge the action is to be destroyed from its very root, according to the instruction 'The man of wisdom casts off [both the good and the bad action]', then what is the autility of action ? This is idea of [Arjuna's] estion.
But the Bhagavat gives the answer :
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।3.2।। पहले से ही मोहितमन अर्जुन में सामान्य मनुष्य होने के नाते वह सूक्ष्म बुद्धि नहीं थी जिसके द्वारा विवेकपूर्वक भगवान् के सूक्ष्म तर्कों को समझ कर वह निश्चित कर सके कि परम श्रेय की प्राप्ति के लिए कर्म मार्ग सरल था अथवा ज्ञान मार्ग। इसलिए वह यहाँ भगवान् से नम्र निवेदन करता है आप उस मार्ग को निश्चित कर आदेश करिये जिससे मैं परम श्रेय को प्राप्त कर सकूँ।अर्जुन को इसमें संदेह नहीं था कि जीवन केवल धन के उपार्जन परिग्रह और व्यय के लिए नहीं है। वह जानता था कि उसका जीवन श्रेष्ठ सांस्कृतिक एवं आध्यात्मिक लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति के लिए था जिसके लिए भौतिक उन्नति केवल साधन थी साध्य नहीं। अर्जुन मात्र यह जानना चाहता था कि वह उपलब्ध परिस्थितियों का जीवन की लक्ष्य प्राप्ति और भविष्य निर्माण में किस प्रकार सदुपयोग करे।प्रश्न के अनुरूप भगवान् उत्तर देते हैं
🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या
Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the greatest modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa.
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।3.2।। व्याख्या-- 'जनार्दन'-- इस पदसे अर्जुन मानो यह भाव प्रकट करते हैं कि हे श्री कृष्ण! आप सभीकी याचना पूरी करनेवाले हैं; अतः मेरी याचना तो अवश्य ही पूरी करेंगे।'ज्यायसी चेत्कर्मणस्ते ৷৷. नियोजयसि केशव'-- मनुष्यके अन्तःकरणमें एक कमजोरी रहती है कि वह प्रश्न करके उत्तरके रूपमें भी वक्तासे अपनी बात अथवा सिद्धान्तका ही समर्थन चाहता है। इसे कमजोरी इसलिये कहा गया है कि वक्ताके निर्देशका चाहे वह मनोऽनुकूल हो या सर्वथा प्रतिकूल, पालन करनेका निश्चय ही शूरवीरता है, शेष सब कमजोरी या कायरता ही कही जायगी। इस कमजोरीके कारण ही मनुष्यको प्रतिकूलता सहनेमें कठिनाईका अनुभव होता है। जब वह प्रतिकूलताको सह नहीं सकता, तब वह अच्छाईका चोला पहन लेता है अर्थात् तब भलाईकी वेशमें बुराई आती है। जो बुराई भलाईके वशमें आती है, उसका त्याग करना बड़ा कठिन होता है। यहाँ अर्जुनमें भी हिंसा-त्यागरूप भलाईके वशेमें कर्तव्य-त्यागरूप बुराई आयी है। अतः वे कर्तव्य-कर्मसे ज्ञानको श्रेष्ठ मान रहे हैं। इसी कारण वे यहाँ प्रश्न करते हैं कि यदि आप कर्मसे ज्ञानको श्रेष्ठ मानते हैं, तो फिर मुझे युद्धरूप घोर कर्ममें क्यों लगाते हैं?
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 2 of 43 in Chapter 3 · Karma-Yoga (The Yoga of Action)
- Chapter theme: Action as worship · the yajña-cycle · sva-dharma over para-dharma
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /karma-yoga
🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)