🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 2.15

Chapter 2 · सांख्ययोग · Sāṅkhya-Yoga · "The Yoga of Knowledge" · Verse 15 of 72

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यं हि न व्यथयन्त्येते पुरुषं पुरुषर्षभ।

समदुःखसुखं धीरं सोऽमृतत्वाय कल्पते।।2.15।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 2.15 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
2.15 The hero whose soul is unmoved by circumstance, who accepts pleasure and pain with equanimity, only he is fit for immortality.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
2.15 That firm man whom, surely, these afflict not, O chief among men, to whom pleasure and pain are the same, is fit for attaining immortality.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
2.15 What will happen to one who bears cold and heat? Listen: Verily, the person৷৷.,'etc. (O Arjuna) hi, verily; yam purusam, the person whom; ete, these, cold and heat mentioned above; na, do not; vyathayanti, torment, do not perturb; dhiram, the wise man; sama-duhkha-sukham, to whom sorrow and happiness are the same, who is free from happiness and sorrow when subjected to pleasure and pain, because of his realization of the enternal Self; sah, he, who is established in the realization of the enternal Self, who forbears the opposites; kalpate, becomes fit; amrtattvaya, for Immortality, for the state of Immortality, i.e. for Liberation.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
2.15 That person endowed with courage, who considers pain as inevitable as pleasure, and who performs war and such other acts suited to his station in life without attachment to the results and only as a means of attaining immortality - one whom the impact of weapons in war etc., which involve soft or harsh contacts, do not trouble, that person only attains immortality, not a person like you, who cannnot bear grief. As the selves are immortal, what is to be done here, is this much only. This is the meaning. Because of the immortality of the selves and the natural destructibility of the bodies, there is no cause for grief. It was told (previously): 'The wise grieve neither for the dead nor for the living' (2. 11). Now the Lord elucidates the same view.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
2.15. O the best among persons ! That wise person becomes immortal whom these (situations) do not trouble and to whom the pleasure and pain are eal.

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।2.15।। कारण कि हे पुरुषोंमें श्रेष्ठ अर्जुन! सुख-दुःखमें सम रहनेवाले जिस धीर मनुष्यको ये मात्रास्पर्श (पदार्थ) व्यथित (सुखी-दुःखी) नहीं कर पाते, वह अमर होनेमें समर्थ हो जाता है अर्थात् वह अमर हो जाता है।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
2.15 यम् whom? हि surely? न व्यथयन्ति afflict not? एते these? पुरुषम् man? पुरुषर्षभ chief among men? समदुःखसुखम् same in pleasure and pain? धीरम् firm man? सः he? अमृतत्वाय for immortality? कल्पते is fit.Commentary -- Dehadhyasa or identification of the Self with the body is the cause of pleasure and pain. The more you are able to identify yourself with the immortal? allpervading Self? the less will you be affected by the pairs of opposites (Dvandvas? pleasure and pain? etc.)Titiksha or the power of endurance develops the willpower. Calm endurance in pleasure and pain? and heat and cold is one of the alifications of an aspirant on the path of Jnana Yoga. It is one of the Shatsampat or sixfold virtues. It is a condition of right knowledge. Titiksha by itself cannot give you Moksha or liberation? but still? when coupled with discrimination and dispassion? it becomes a means to the attainment of Immortality or knowledge of the Self. (Cf.XVII.53)
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
2.15 What will happen to one who bears cold and heat? Listen: Verily, the person৷৷.,'etc. (O Arjuna) hi, verily; yam purusam, the person whom; ete, these, cold and heat mentioned above; na, do not; vyathayanti, torment, do not perturb; dhiram, the wise man; sama-duhkha-sukham, to whom sorrow and happiness are the same, who is free from happiness and sorrow when subjected to pleasure and pain, because of his realization of the enternal Self; sah, he, who is established in the realization of the enternal Self, who forbears the opposites; kalpate, becomes fit; amrtattvaya, for Immortality, for the state of Immortality, i.e. for Liberation.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
2.15 That person endowed with courage, who considers pain as inevitable as pleasure, and who performs war and such other acts suited to his station in life without attachment to the results and only as a means of attaining immortality - one whom the impact of weapons in war etc., which involve soft or harsh contacts, do not trouble, that person only attains immortality, not a person like you, who cannnot bear grief. As the selves are immortal, what is to be done here, is this much only. This is the meaning. Because of the immortality of the selves and the natural destructibility of the bodies, there is no cause for grief. It was told (previously): 'The wise grieve neither for the dead nor for the living' (2. 11). Now the Lord elucidates the same view.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
2.15 But, because all these different situations are of the nature of coming and going, on that account itself are they not to be lamented on ? It is not so. As for instance : What is this which is termed 'coming' ? If it is 'birth', what is that 'birth' itself ? It is wrong to say that is the same as gaining the self by what is non-existent. For, to be of the nature of non-existence, is indeed to be devoid of every inherent nature and to be devoid of the very self. If a thing is devoid of the self and devoid of every nature, how is it possible to convert it into what has an intrinsic nature ? Surely, it is impossible to convert the non-blue into blue. For, it is faulty and undesirable to covert the non-blue into blue. For, it is faulty and undesirable to conclude that a thing with certain in nature changes to be of a different nature. Hence the scritpure goes - 'The intrinsic nature of beings would not cease to exist, e.g., the heat of the sun'. On the other hand, if the 'birth' signifies the gaining of self just by what [really] exists, even then, why the lamentability on its coming ? For, what has gained a self, could never be non-existent and conseently it would be eternal. Likewise, is the act of 'going' also meant for the existent or the non-existent ? What is non-existent is just non-existent [for ever.] How can there be a non-existence-nature even in the case of that which is of the existence-nature ? If it is said that it is of the non-existence-nature in the second moment; [since its birth], then it should be so even in the first moment; and so nothing would be existent. For, the intrinsic nature [ever] remains unabandoned. But is it not that the destruction of it (i.e., of a given thing, like a pot) is brought about by the stroke of a hammer etc.? Yet, if that destruction is altogether different [from the existent one i.e. the pot], then what does it matter for what is existent ? But, it is not be seen [at that time] ? Yet, what is actually existent (pot) may not be seen just as when it is covered with a cloth; but it has not turned to be altogether different. In fact, it has been said [in the scriptures] that this is not different [from the existent]. Summarising all these, [the Lord] says -
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।2.15।। सुख और दुख को शान्त भाव से सहन करने का नाम तितिक्षा है जो उपनिषदों के अनुसार आत्मसाक्षात्कार के लिये एक आवश्यक गुण है। इसी को ध्यान में रखकर भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण कहते हैं कि इस प्रकार की तितिक्षा से सम्पन्न व्यक्ति मोक्ष का अधिकारी बन जाता है।यहाँ मोक्ष का तात्पर्य अमृतत्व शब्द से किया है। इस शब्द से स्थूल शरीर का मोक्ष नहीं समझना चाहिये। यहाँ इस शब्द का उपयोग उसके व्यापक अर्थ में किया गया है। शरीर मन और बुद्धि तथा इनके द्वारा प्राप्त सभी अनुभव र्मत्य और अनित्य ही हैं। इन उपाधियों के साथ हमारा तादात्म्य होने से इनके जन्ममरणादि धर्मों से हम प्रभावित होकर दुखी होते हैं। अमृतत्व का अर्थ है जो पुरुष अपने नित्य आत्मस्वरूप को पहचान लेता है वह इन सब अनुभवों को प्राप्त कर उनके मध्य रहता हुआ भी शोकमोह को प्राप्त नहीं होता। उसे अपने अमृतस्वरूप का विस्मरण नहीं होता।गीता के द्वारा महान् कवि व्यास जी भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण के माध्यम से हमें हमारे जीवन का लक्ष्य बताते हैं पूर्णत्व की प्राप्ति। अल्पकाल के लिये प्राप्त इस जीवन में हमको इस लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के लिये प्रयत्न करना चाहिये। चिन्तित हुये बिना प्रसन्नतापूर्वक जीवन में आने वाले सुखदुखादि कष्टों को सहन करने की सर्वोच्च साधना करने का इन परिस्थितियों में हमें अवसर मिलता है।तितिक्षा का अर्थ निराश उदास भाव से जो हो रहा है उसको सहन करना ऐसा नहीं है। यहाँ विशेष रूप से कहा है कि शीतोष्णादि द्वन्द्वों में जिसका मन समभाव में स्थित रहता है वह धीर पुरुष मोक्ष का अधिकारी होता है। यहाँ प्रयोजन निराश व्यक्ति की सहनशक्ति से नहीं बल्कि जगत् के परिर्वतनशील स्वभाव को अच्छी प्रकार समझ लेने से है। विवेकी पुरुष में यह सार्मथ्य आ जाती है कि सुख में उसे हर्षातिरेक नहीं होता और न दुख में अत्यन्त विषाद।जब तक देह के साथ हमारी अत्यन्त आसक्ति रहती है तब तक उसमें होने वाली पीड़ाओं से हम विलग नहीं हो सकते और हम व्यथित हो जाते हैं। हृदय में प्रेम अथवा घृणा के भाव के प्रादुर्भाव से यदि शारीरिक कष्ट सहने की आवश्यकता पड़ती है तो वह क्षमता हममें आ जाती है। पुत्र के प्रति प्रेम के कारण उसको शिक्षा आदि देने के लिए आवश्यकता पड़ने पर हम बड़ी प्रसन्नता से अपनी शारीरिक सुख सुविधाओं का त्याग करने के लिए तैयार हो जाते हैं। वह असुविधा हमें कष्ट नहीं पहुँचाती। इसी प्रकार बुद्धिनिष्ठ आदर्शों की प्राप्ति के लिए शरीर और मन के आरामों को भी हम त्याग देते हैं। विश्व के अनेक देशभक्त क्रान्तिकारियों ने अपने देश की स्वतन्त्र्ाता के आदर्शों को प्राप्त करने के लिए अनेक कष्ट सहन करके अपने प्राणों की आहुति दी है।निम्नलिखित कारणों से भी तुम्हारे लिए उचित है कि शोक और मोह को छोड़ कर तुम शान्तिपूर्वक शीतादि को सहन करो। क्योंकि

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।2.15।। व्याख्या-- 'पुरुषर्षभ'-- मनुष्य प्रायः परिस्थितियोंको बदलनेका ही विचार करता है, जो कभी बदली नहीं जा सकतीं और जिनको बदलना सम्भव ही नहीं। युद्धरूपी परिस्थितिके प्राप्त होनेपर अर्जुनने उसको बदलनेका विचार न करके अपने कल्याणका विचार कर लिया है। यह कल्याणका विचार करना ही मनुष्योंमें उनकी श्रेष्ठता है। 'समदुःखसुखं धीरम्'-- धीर मनुष्य सुखदुःखमें सम होता है। अन्तःकरणकी वृत्तिसे ही सुख और दुःख ये दोनों अलगअलग दीखते हैं। सुख-दुःखके भोगनेमें पुरुष (चेतन) हेतु है और वह हेतु बनता है प्रकृतिमें स्थित होनेसे (गीता 13। 2021)। जब वह अपने स्वरूपमें स्थित हो जाता है तब सुख-दुःखको भोगनेवाला कोई नहीं रहता। अतः अपने-आपमें स्थित होनेसे वह सुख-दुःखमें स्वाभाविक ही सम हो जाता है।

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BG 2.15local Bhagavad-Gītā verse route and source-anchor sectionChapter 2 hubSāṅkhya-Yoga · The Yoga of KnowledgeMBh 6.24.15exact Bhīṣma-Parva source route for this Gītā verse/bhagavad-gitamaster index for all 18 chapters and 701 verse routesBhīṣma-ParvaMahābhārata narrative home where the Bhagavad-Gītā is received/mahabharatafull Itihāsa source spine for Vyāsa Maharṣi's MahābhārataBG 1 · Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaBG 3 · Karma YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma YogaBG 4 · Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaBG 5 · Karma-Sannyāsa YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma-Sannyāsa YogaBG 6 · Dhyāna YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Dhyāna YogaBG 7 · Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)TAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)BG 8 · Akṣara-Brahma YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Akṣara-Brahma YogaBG 9 · Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaBG 10 · Vibhūti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Vibhūti YogaBG 11 · Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaBG 12 · Bhakti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Bhakti YogaBG 13 · Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaBG 14 · Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaBG 15 · Puruṣottama YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Puruṣottama YogaBG 16 · Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaBG 17 · Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaBG 18 · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)ANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)BG 2.47niṣkāma-karma-yoga action disciplineBG 4.34praṇipāta · paripraśna · sevā before tattva-darśī teachersBG 7.7mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat · no source higher than KrishnaBG 9.17Krishna as father, mother, supporter, and grandfatherBG 10.30Krishna as Time among reckonersBG 13.23Paramātmā as witness, permitter, supporter, enjoyer, and LordBG 15.15Krishna seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetfulnessBG 18.61Īśvara situated in the heart of all beingsBG 18.66Carama-Śloka surrender discipline and final refuge/vishwaroopa-darshanaall 18 Gītā chapters rendered as one chart-aware darśana/vishvarupa-chartBG 11 chart-as-Viśvarūpa-darśana aperture/bija-sutrasfounder-curated bīja-pada exposition layer inside selected Gītā verse pages/binduDiamond of Darśanas frame for Gītā source recognition/philosophyKrishna = Paramaatma = Parabrahman constitutional foundation/llms.txtbrief AI-agent source map/llms-full.txtcomprehensive AI-agent access map
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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)