🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 18.7

Chapter 18 · मोक्षसंन्यासयोग · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa-Yoga · "The Yoga of Liberation & Renunciation" · Verse 7 of 78

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नियतस्य तु संन्यासः कर्मणो नोपपद्यते।मोहात्तस्य परित्यागस्तामसः परिकीर्तितः।।18.7।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 18.7 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
18.7 It is not right to give up actions which are obligatory; and if they are misunderstood, it is the result of sheer ignorance.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
18.7 Verily the renunciation of obligatory action is not proper; the abandonment of the same from delusion is declared to be Tamasic.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
18.7 Therefore, sannyasah, the abandoning; niyatasya tu karmanah, of the daily obligatory acts, by the seeker of Liberation who is as yet unenlightened and is fit for rites and duites; na apapadyate, is not justifiable, because what is desired is the purification of unenlightened persons. Parityagah, giving up; tasya, of that, of the daily obligatory duty; mohat, through delusion, through ignorance; parikirtitah, is declared; to be tamasah, based on tamas. Niyata is that duty which must be performed. That an act is niyata (obligatory) and it is relinished is contradictory. Therefore the giving up of that through delusion is declared to be based on tamas, for delusion is tamas. Besides,
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
18.7 Obligatory acts consist of daily, and occasional ceremonies like the five great sacrifices; their abandonment is not proper, for without actions even the sustenance of the body would be impossible, as already stated: 'From no-work, not even the body can be sustained' (3.8). The sustenance of the body by eating the sacrificial remnants produces perfect knowledge. Otherwise, as declared in the statement, 'But the sinful ones eat sin' (3.13). The satisfaction that comes by eating food which is not the remnant of sacrifice and which is therefore of the form of sin, is productive of erroneous knowledge in the mind. For, as declared in the Sruti, 'The mind consists of food' (Cha. U., 6.5.4), the mind is sustained by food. Also, there is the Sruti text, 'When the food is pure, the mind becomes pure; when the mind is pure, remembrance becomes firmly fixed; and when remembrance is acired, there is release from all knots of the heart' (Ibid., 7.26.2). It is therefore proved by the Sruti that knowledge of the form of direct perception of Brahman, is dependent on the purity of food. Hence the great sacrifices and such other obligatory and occasional rites are worthy of adoption till one's death, as they help in the knowledge of the Brahman. The renunciation of these is therefore not proper. Thus, the relinishment of these acts which produce knowledge through the delusion that they bind the self, is rooted in Tamas. Tamasika renunciation has its roots in Tamas. Since such renunciation has its roots in ignorance which is the effect of Tamas, such renunciation is said to have its roots in Tamas. For Tamas is the root of ignorance as has been stated: 'From Tamas arise negligence and delusion, and also, ignorance' (14.17). Ignorance is erroneous knowledge which is antagonistic to right knowledge. So, it will be taught, 'That reason which, enveloped in Tamas, regards wrong as right, and which reverses every value, O Arjuna, is Tamasika' (18.32). It is for this reason that the renunciation of obligatory and occasional actions are said to have their roots in erroneous knowledge.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
18.7. The renunciation of the enjoined action does not stand to reason; and completely relinishing it, out of ignorance is proclaimed, on all sides, as an act of the Tamas (Strand).

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।18.7।।नियत कर्मका तो त्याग करना उचित नहीं है। उसका मोहपूर्वक त्याग करना तामस कहा गया है।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
18.7 नियतस्य obligatory? तु verily? संन्यासः renunciation? कर्मणः of action? न not? उपपद्यते is proper? मोहात् from delusion? तस्य of the same? परित्यागः abandonment? तामसः Tamasic? परिकीर्तितः is declared.Commentary Renunciation of obligatory action is not proper because it is purifying in the case of an ignorant man. Should a man renounce actions that he should perform as a duty? such renunciation can only be of the ality of darkness. Prescribed duties must not be abandoned and if anyone does so? he is certainly deluded by ignorance. Tamas is ignorance.Niyata Prescribed according to ones religion. To hold that a duty is obligatory and then to relinish it is indeed selfcontradictory.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
18.7 Therefore, sannyasah, the abandoning; niyatasya tu karmanah, of the daily obligatory acts, by the seeker of Liberation who is as yet unenlightened and is fit for rites and duites; na apapadyate, is not justifiable, because what is desired is the purification of unenlightened persons. Parityagah, giving up; tasya, of that, of the daily obligatory duty; mohat, through delusion, through ignorance; parikirtitah, is declared; to be tamasah, based on tamas. Niyata is that duty which must be performed. That an act is niyata (obligatory) and it is relinished is contradictory. Therefore the giving up of that through delusion is declared to be based on tamas, for delusion is tamas. Besides,
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
18.7 Obligatory acts consist of daily, and occasional ceremonies like the five great sacrifices; their abandonment is not proper, for without actions even the sustenance of the body would be impossible, as already stated: 'From no-work, not even the body can be sustained' (3.8). The sustenance of the body by eating the sacrificial remnants produces perfect knowledge. Otherwise, as declared in the statement, 'But the sinful ones eat sin' (3.13). The satisfaction that comes by eating food which is not the remnant of sacrifice and which is therefore of the form of sin, is productive of erroneous knowledge in the mind. For, as declared in the Sruti, 'The mind consists of food' (Cha. U., 6.5.4), the mind is sustained by food. Also, there is the Sruti text, 'When the food is pure, the mind becomes pure; when the mind is pure, remembrance becomes firmly fixed; and when remembrance is acired, there is release from all knots of the heart' (Ibid., 7.26.2). It is therefore proved by the Sruti that knowledge of the form of direct perception of Brahman, is dependent on the purity of food. Hence the great sacrifices and such other obligatory and occasional rites are worthy of adoption till one's death, as they help in the knowledge of the Brahman. The renunciation of these is therefore not proper. Thus, the relinishment of these acts which produce knowledge through the delusion that they bind the self, is rooted in Tamas. Tamasika renunciation has its roots in Tamas. Since such renunciation has its roots in ignorance which is the effect of Tamas, such renunciation is said to have its roots in Tamas. For Tamas is the root of ignorance as has been stated: 'From Tamas arise negligence and delusion, and also, ignorance' (14.17). Ignorance is erroneous knowledge which is antagonistic to right knowledge. So, it will be taught, 'That reason which, enveloped in Tamas, regards wrong as right, and which reverses every value, O Arjuna, is Tamasika' (18.32). It is for this reason that the renunciation of obligatory and occasional actions are said to have their roots in erroneous knowledge.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
18.7 See Comment under 18.11
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।18.7।। नियत अर्थात् कर्तव्य कर्मों का त्याग अत्यन्त निम्नस्तर का तामस त्याग माना गया है। नित्य और नैमित्तक कर्मों के सम्मिलित रूप को ही नियत कर्म कहते हैं। जब तक मनुष्य अपने समाज के एक सदस्य के रूप में जीवन यापन करता है? तब तक उसे वह समाज? सुरक्षा तथा उन्नति का लाभ भी प्रदान करता है। अत हिन्दू नीति के अनुसार? मनुष्य को अपने कर्तव्यों को त्यागने का कोई अधिकार नहीं है।यदि कोई व्यक्ति अज्ञानवश अपने नैतिक कर्तव्यों का त्याग करता है तब भी वह क्षम्य नहीं है। जैसे? संविधान के और भौतिक जगत् के प्राकृतिक नियमों के पालन के संबंध में नियम का अज्ञान क्षम्य नहीं माना जाता? वैसे ही आध्यात्मिक क्षेत्र में भी यही नियम लागू होता है। अज्ञान और अविवेक के कारण यदि कोई व्यक्ति अपने कर्तव्य पालन के द्वारा समाज सेवा नहीं करता है? तो उसका यह त्याग मूढ़ अर्थात् तामसिक त्याग है।

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।18.7।। व्याख्या -- [तीन तरहके त्यागका वर्णन भगवान् इसलिये करते हैं कि अर्जुन कर्मोंका स्वरूपसे त्याग करना चाहते थे -- श्रेयो भोक्तुं भैक्ष्यमपीह लोके (गीता 2। 5) अतः त्रिविध त्याग बताकर अर्जुनको चेत कराना था? और आगेके लिये मनुष्यमात्रको यह बताना था कि नियत कर्मोंका स्वरूपसे त्याग करना भगवान्को मान्य (अभीष्ट) नहीं है। भगवान् तो सात्त्विक त्यागको ही वास्तवमें त्याग मानते हैं। सात्त्विक त्यागसे संसारके सम्बन्धका सर्वथा विच्छेद हो जाता है।दूसरी बात? सत्रहवें अध्यायमें भी भगवान् गुणोंके अनुसार श्रद्धा? आहार आदिके तीनतीन भेद कहकर आये हैं? इसलिये यहाँ भी अर्जुनद्वारा त्यागका तत्त्व पूछनेपर भगवान्ने त्यागके तीन भेद कहे हैं।]नियतस्य तु संन्यासः कर्मणो नोपपद्यते -- पूर्वश्लोकमें भगवान्ने त्यागके विषयमें अपना जो निश्चित उत्तम मत बताया है? उससे यह तामस त्याग बिलकुल ही विपरीत है और सर्वथा निकृष्ट है? यह बतानेके लिये यहाँ तु पद आया है।नियत कर्मोंका त्याग करना कभी भी उचित नहीं है क्योंकि वे तो अवश्यकर्तव्य हैं। बलिवैश्वदेव आदि यज्ञ करना? कोई अतिथि आ जाय तो गृहस्थधर्मके अनुसार उसको अन्न? जल आदि देना? विशेष पर्वमें या श्राद्धतर्पणके दिन ब्राह्मणोंको भोजन कराना और दक्षिणा देना? अपने वर्णआश्रमके अनुसार प्रातः और सांयकालमें सन्ध्या करना आदि कर्मोंको न मानना और न करना ही नियत कर्मोंका त्याग है।मोहात्तस्य परित्यागस्तामसः परिकीर्तितः -- ऐसे नियत कर्मोंको मूढ़तासे अर्थात् बिना विवेकविचारके छोड़ देना तामस त्याग कहा जाता है। सत्सङ्ग? सभा? समिति आदिमें जाना आवश्यक था? पर आलस्यमें पड़े रहे? आराम करने लग गये अथवा सो गये घरमें मातापिता बीमार हैं? उनके लिये वैद्यको बुलाने या औषधि लानेके लिये जा रहे थे? रास्तेमें कहींपर लोग ताशचौपड़ आदि खेल रहे थे? उनको देखकर खुद भी खेलमें लग गये और वैद्यको बुलाना या ओषधि लाना भूल गये कोर्टमें मुकदमा चल रहा है? उसमें हाजिर होनेके समय हँसीदिल्लगी? खेलतमाशा आदिमें लग गये और समय बीत गया शरीरके लिये शौचस्नान आदि जो आवश्यक कर्तव्य हैं? उनको आलस्य और प्रमादके कारण छोड़ दिया -- यह सब तामस त्यागके उदाहरण हैं।विहित कर्म और नियत कर्ममें क्या अन्तर है शास्त्रोंने जिन कर्मोंको करनेकी आज्ञा दी है? वे सभी विहित कर्म कहलाते हैं। उन सम्पूर्ण विहित कर्मोंका पालन एक व्यक्ति कर ही नहीं सकता क्योंकि शास्त्रोंमें सम्पूर्ण वारों तथा तिथियोंके व्रतका विधान आता है। यदि एक ही मनुष्य सब वारोंमें या सब तिथियोंमें व्रत करेगा तो फिर वह भोजन कब करेगा इससे यह सिद्ध हुआ कि मनुष्यके लिये सभी विहित कर्म लागू नहीं होते। परन्तु उन विहित कर्मोंमें भी वर्ण? आश्रम और परिस्थितिके अनुसार जिसके लिये जो कर्तव्य आवश्यक होता है? उसके लिये वह नियत कर्म कहलाता है। जैसे ब्राह्मण? क्षत्रिय? वैश्य और शूद्र -- चारों वार्णोंमें जिसजिस वर्णके लिये जीविका और शरीरनिर्वाहसम्बन्धी जितने भी नियम हैं? उसउस वर्णके लिये वे सभी नियत कर्म हैं।नियत कर्मोंका मोहपूर्वक त्याग करनेसे वह त्याग तामस हो जाता है तथा सुख और आरामके लिये त्याग,करनेसे वह त्याग राजस हो जाता है। सुखेच्छा? फलेच्छा तथा आसक्तिका त्याग करके नियत कर्मोंको करनेसे वह त्याग सात्त्विक हो जाता है। तात्पर्य यह है कि मोहमें उलझ जाना तामस पुरुषका स्वभाव है? सुखआराममें उलझ जाना राजस पुरुषका स्वभाव है और इन दोनोंसे रहित होकर सावधानीपूर्वक निष्कामभावसे कर्तव्यकर्म करना सात्त्विक पुरुषका स्वभाव है। इस सात्त्विक स्वभाव अथवा सात्त्विक त्यागसे ही कर्म और कर्मफलसे सम्बन्धविच्छेद होता है। राजस और तामस त्यागसे नहीं क्योंकि राजस और तामस त्याग वास्तवमें त्याग है ही नहीं।लोग सामान्य रीतिसे स्वरूपसे कर्मोंको छोड़ देनेको ही त्याग मानते हैं क्योंकि उन्हें प्रत्यक्षमें वही त्याग दीखता है। कौन व्यक्ति कौनसा काम किस भावसे कर रहा है? इसका उन्हें पता नहीं लगता। परन्तु भगवान् भीतरकी कामनाममताआसक्तिके त्यागको ही त्याग मानते हैं क्योंकि ये ही जन्ममरणके कारण हैं (गीता 13। 21)।यदि बाहरके त्यागको ही असली त्याग माना जाय तो सभी मरनेवालोंका कल्याण हो जाना चाहिये क्योंकि उनकी तो सम्पूर्ण वस्तुएँ छूट जाती हैं और तो क्या? अपना कहलानेवाला शरीर भी छूट जाता है और उनको वे वस्तुएँ प्रायः यादतक नहीं रहतीं अतः भीतरका त्याग ही असली त्याग है। भीतरका त्याग होनेसे बाहरसे वस्तुएँ अपने पास रहें या न रहें? मनुष्य उनसे बँधता नहीं।

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BG 18.7local Bhagavad-Gītā verse route and source-anchor sectionChapter 18 hubMokṣa-Sannyāsa-Yoga · The Yoga of Liberation & RenunciationMBh 6.40.7exact Bhīṣma-Parva source route for this Gītā verse/bhagavad-gitamaster index for all 18 chapters and 701 verse routesBhīṣma-ParvaMahābhārata narrative home where the Bhagavad-Gītā is received/mahabharatafull Itihāsa source spine for Vyāsa Maharṣi's MahābhārataBG 1 · Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaBG 2 · Sāṅkhya YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Sāṅkhya YogaBG 3 · Karma YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma YogaBG 4 · Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaBG 5 · Karma-Sannyāsa YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma-Sannyāsa YogaBG 6 · Dhyāna YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Dhyāna YogaBG 7 · Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)TAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)BG 8 · Akṣara-Brahma YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Akṣara-Brahma YogaBG 9 · Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaBG 10 · Vibhūti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Vibhūti YogaBG 11 · Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Viśvarūpa-Darśana YogaBG 12 · Bhakti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Bhakti YogaBG 13 · Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaBG 14 · Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaBG 15 · Puruṣottama YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Puruṣottama YogaBG 16 · Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaBG 17 · Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaBG 2.47niṣkāma-karma-yoga action disciplineBG 4.34praṇipāta · paripraśna · sevā before tattva-darśī teachersBG 7.7mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat · no source higher than KrishnaBG 9.17Krishna as father, mother, supporter, and grandfatherBG 10.30Krishna as Time among reckonersBG 13.23Paramātmā as witness, permitter, supporter, enjoyer, and LordBG 15.15Krishna seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetfulnessBG 18.61Īśvara situated in the heart of all beingsBG 18.66Carama-Śloka surrender discipline and final refuge/vishwaroopa-darshanaall 18 Gītā chapters rendered as one chart-aware darśana/vishvarupa-chartBG 11 chart-as-Viśvarūpa-darśana aperture/bija-sutrasfounder-curated bīja-pada exposition layer inside selected Gītā verse pages/binduDiamond of Darśanas frame for Gītā source recognition/philosophyKrishna = Paramaatma = Parabrahman constitutional foundation/llms.txtbrief AI-agent source map/llms-full.txtcomprehensive AI-agent access map
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📚 Cite this verse · Academic citation formats
APA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. (n.d.). Bhagavad-Gītā 18.7. Vidhyāmitra. Retrieved 2026-07-28, from https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/18/7
Chicago: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 18.7." Vidhyāmitra. Accessed 2026-07-28. https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/18/7.
MLA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 18.7." Vidhyāmitra, 2026, https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/18/7.
Canonical URL: https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/18/7 · Persistent · all 701 BG verses indexed per-URL · the Vedic content is public-domain by Sanātana tradition · Vidhyāmitra-specific structure © Vidhyāmitra (self-hosted prasāda model · /about)

🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷

सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)