🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 18.1

Chapter 18 · मोक्षसंन्यासयोग · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa-Yoga · "The Yoga of Liberation & Renunciation" · Verse 1 of 78

अर्जुन उवाच

संन्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम्।

त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश पृथक्केशिनिषूदन।।18.1।।
— Bhagavad-Gītā 18.1 · Devanāgarī root text

🪷 English Translations

5 received English translations are available for this śloka. Each voice is labelled; no single rendering is presented as the Sanskrit itself.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 edition attribution in the received data
18.1 "Arjuna asked: O mighty One! I desire to know how relinquishment is distinguished from renunciation.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
18.1 Arjuna said I desire to know severally, O mighty-armed, the essence or truth of renunciation, O Hrishikesa, as also of abandonment, O slayer of Kesi.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
18.1 O mighty-armed Hrsikesa, kesi-nisudana, O slayer of (the demon) Kesi; icchami, I want; veditum, to know; prthak, severally, through their mutual distinctions; tattvam, the truth, the intrinsic nature, i.e. the real meaning; sannyasasya, of sannyasa, i.e. the meaning of the word sannyasa, ca, as also; tyagasya, of tyaga, i.e. the meaning of the word tyaga. Kesi was a demon who had assumed the form of a horse, and Lord Vasudeva had killed him. Hence He is addressed by that name (Kesi-nisudana) by Arjuna. The word sannyasa and tyaga, used in various places in the preceding chapters, are not explicit in their implications. Therefore, in order to determine them for Arjuna who had put the estion,-
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
18.1 Arjuna said Both Sannyasa and Tyaga as a means for release are enjoined in such Srutis: 'Not by rituals, nor by progeny, nor by rituals, nor by progeny, nor by wealth but by Tyaga alone do some attain immortality ৷৷.' (Ma. Na., 5.14). Ascertaining the truth about the Supreme Reality from a knowledge of Vedanta, and becoming purified in mind by the means of Sannyasa Yoga, these Yatis (ascetics), at the dissolution of their bodies, attain the Lord who is higher than the freed selves and become liberated from bondage' (Man. U., 3.2.6). I want to know separately the truth, viz., whether Tyaga and Sannyasa are synonymous or not. The import is this. Do these two terms Sannyasa and Tyaga have different meanings or do they signify the same thing? If they signify different things, I want to know their different natures. If they are synonymous, their identical nature should be elucidated. Then, in order to prove that the nature of both is identical and that it is such and such, the Lord explains, showing the disagreements among some disputants:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
18.1. Arjuna said O Mighty-armed ! I desire to know severally the distinctive nature of renunciation and of relinishment, O Hrsikesa ! O Slayer of Kesin !

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

Received Hindi rendering attributed in the source data to Swami Rāmsukhdās ji.

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Hindi rendering · source-data attribution
।।18.1।। अर्जुन बोले -- हे महाबाहो ! हे हृषीकेश ! हे केशिनिषूदन ! मैं संन्यास और त्यागका तत्त्व अलग-अलग जानना चाहता हूँ।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

5 received English commentary layers are available for this śloka. Open only the voice you wish to study.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
18.1 संन्यासस्य of renunciation? महाबाहो O mightyarmed? तत्त्वम् the essence of truth? इच्छामि (I) wish? वेदितुम् to know? त्यागस्य of Tyaga or abandonment? च and? हृषीकेशः O Krishna? पृथक् severally? केशिनिषूदन् slayer of Kesi.Commentary The teaching of the whole of the GitaSastra is summed up beautifully in this discourse. This last discourse is a brief masterly summary of all that is told in the previous chapters. Arjuna wishes to know the distinction between Sannyasa and Tyaga.Kesi was an Asura whom Lord Krishna slew. So Lord Krishna is addressed as Kesinishudana by Arjuna.The words Sannyasa and Tyaga have been used here and there in the preceding discourses but their connotations are not lucidly distinguished. Therefore Lord Krishna clearly explains to Arjuna the right significance of the two terms in the following verse.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
18.1 O mighty-armed Hrsikesa, kesi-nisudana, O slayer of (the demon) Kesi; icchami, I want; veditum, to know; prthak, severally, through their mutual distinctions; tattvam, the truth, the intrinsic nature, i.e. the real meaning; sannyasasya, of sannyasa, i.e. the meaning of the word sannyasa, ca, as also; tyagasya, of tyaga, i.e. the meaning of the word tyaga. Kesi was a demon who had assumed the form of a horse, and Lord Vasudeva had killed him. Hence He is addressed by that name (Kesi-nisudana) by Arjuna. The word sannyasa and tyaga, used in various places in the preceding chapters, are not explicit in their implications. Therefore, in order to determine them for Arjuna who had put the estion,-
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
18.1 Arjuna said Both Sannyasa and Tyaga as a means for release are enjoined in such Srutis: 'Not by rituals, nor by progeny, nor by rituals, nor by progeny, nor by wealth but by Tyaga alone do some attain immortality ৷৷.' (Ma. Na., 5.14). Ascertaining the truth about the Supreme Reality from a knowledge of Vedanta, and becoming purified in mind by the means of Sannyasa Yoga, these Yatis (ascetics), at the dissolution of their bodies, attain the Lord who is higher than the freed selves and become liberated from bondage' (Man. U., 3.2.6). I want to know separately the truth, viz., whether Tyaga and Sannyasa are synonymous or not. The import is this. Do these two terms Sannyasa and Tyaga have different meanings or do they signify the same thing? If they signify different things, I want to know their different natures. If they are synonymous, their identical nature should be elucidated. Then, in order to prove that the nature of both is identical and that it is such and such, the Lord explains, showing the disagreements among some disputants:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
18.1 Samnyasaya etc. It has been delcared earlier that 'He [alone] is a man of relinishment and is also a man of wisdom' (II, 50); and 'He [alone] is a man of renunciation and a man of Yoga; but not he who remains without his fires (VI, 1)', and so on. Thus, becuase a man of relinishment and a man of renunciation are both found mentioned, now arises this estion from a person (Arjuna) who is desirous of understanding their difference. Now [by giving] the answer -
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।18.1।। यद्यपि अर्जुन की जिज्ञासा शैक्षणिक रुचि की है? तथापि भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण पूर्ण गम्भीरता के साथ उसका उत्तर देते हैं। जब शिष्य अपना सन्देह या जिज्ञासा प्रकट करता है? तब निश्चय ही वह स्वयं अपनी कठिनाई नहीं जान पाता है। अत गुरु का यह कर्तव्य हो जाता है कि शिष्य की कठिनाई को समझकर उसका समाधान करे। यहाँ भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण का यही प्रयत्न है।यह सम्पूर्ण अध्याय त्याग और संन्यास के अर्थ के चारों ओर घूमता रहता है। त्याग के बिना संन्यास अनाकलनीय है? असम्भव है? और यदि कोई ऐसा प्रयत्न करता है? तो उसका संन्यास केवल पाखण्ड ही कहा जायेगा। यह अध्याय हमारी उन वासनाओं? प्रवृत्तियों? उद्देश्यों आदि का वर्णन करता है? जो सर्वथा त्याज्य है। इनके ज्ञान से अवांछनीय गुणों का वास्तविक त्याग संभव हो सकता है। इस तथ्य को ध्यान में रखकर इस अध्याय का अध्ययन करना चाहिए? अन्यथा? निश्चय ही? यह हमें प्रभावित नहीं कर पायेगा।केशनिषूदन केशि नामक एक असुर अश्व का रूप धारण करके बालकृष्ण की हत्या करने आया था? परन्तु भगवान् ने उसे ही दो भागों में विदीर्ण कर दिया था। अत वे केशिनिषूदन के नाम से प्रसिद्ध हुए।इन शब्दों के तत्त्वनिर्णय हेतु

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Received Hindi vyākhyā attributed in the source data to Swami Rāmsukhdās ji.

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Hindi vyākhyā · source-data attribution
।।18.1।। व्याख्या -- संन्यासस्य महाबाहो ৷৷. पृथक्केशिनिषूदन -- यहाँ महाबाहो सम्बोधन सामर्थ्यका सूचक है। अर्जुनद्वारा इस सम्बोधनका प्रयोग करनेका भाव यह है कि आप सम्पूर्ण विषयोंको कहनेमें समर्थ हैं अतः मेरी जिज्ञासाका समाधान आप इस प्रकार करें? जिससे मैं विषयको सरलतासे समझ सकूँ। हृषीकेश सम्बोधन अन्तर्यामीका वाचक है। इसके प्रयोगमें अर्जुनका भाव यह है कि मैं संन्यास और त्यागका तत्त्व जानना चाहता हूँ अतः इस विषयमें जोजो आवश्यक बातें हों? उनको आप (मेरे पूछे बिना भी) कह दें।केशिनिषूदन सम्बोधन विघ्नोंको दूर करनेवालेका सूचक है। इसके प्रयोगमें अर्जुनका भाव यह है कि जिस प्रकार आप अपने भक्तोंके सम्पूर्ण विघ्नोंको दूर कर देते हैं? उसी प्रकार मेरे भी सम्पूर्ण विघ्नोंको अर्थात् शङ्काओँ और संशयोंको दूर कर दें।जिज्ञासा प्रायः दो प्रकारसे प्रकट की जाती है --,(1) अपने आचरणमें लानेके लिये और (2) सिद्धान्तको समझनेके लिये। जो केवल पढ़ाई करनेके लिये (सीखनेके लिये) सिद्धान्तको समझते हैं? वे केवल पुस्तकोंके विद्वान् बन सकते हैं और नयी पुस्तक भी बना सकते हैं? पर अपना कल्याण नहीं कर सकते (टिप्पणी प0 869)। अपना कल्याण तो वे ही कर सकते हैं? जो सिद्धान्तको समझकर उसके अनुसार अपना जीवन बनानेके लिये तत्पर हो जाते हैं।यहाँ अर्जुनकी जिज्ञासा भी केवल सिद्धान्तको जाननेके लिये ही नहीं है? प्रत्युत सिद्धान्तको जानकर उसके अनुसार अपना जीवन बनानेके लिये है। एषा तेऽभिहिता सांख्ये (गीता 2। 39) में आये सांख्य पदको ही यहाँ संन्यास पदसे कहा गया है। भगवान्ने भी सांख्य और संन्यासको पर्यायवाची माना है जैसे -- पाँचवें अध्यायके दूसरे श्लोकमें संन्यासः? चौथे श्लोकमें सांख्ययोगौ? पाँचवें श्लोकमें यत्सांख्यैः और छठे श्लोकमें संन्यासस्तु पदोंका एक ही अर्थमें प्रयोग हुआ है। इसलिये यहाँ अर्जुनने सांख्यको ही संन्यास कहा है। इसी प्रकार बुद्धिर्योगे त्विमां श्रृणु (गीता 2। 39) में आये योग पदको ही यहाँ त्याग पदसे कहा गया है। भगवान्ने भी योग (कर्मयोग) और त्यागको पर्यायवाची माना है जैसे -- दूसरे अध्यायके अड़तालीसवें श्लोकमें सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा तथा इक्यावनवें श्लोकमें फलं त्यक्त्वा? तीसरे अध्यायके तीसरे श्लोकमें कर्मयोगेन योगिनाम्? चौथे अध्यायके बीसवें श्लोकमें त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गम्? पाँचवें श्लोकमें तद्योगैरपि गम्यते? ग्यारहवें श्लोकमें सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा तथा बारहवें श्लोकमें त्यागात् पदोंका एक ही अर्थमें प्रयोग हुआ है। इसलिये यहाँ अर्जुनने कर्मयोगको ही त्याग कहा है।अच्छी तरहसे रखनेका नाम संन्यास है -- सम्यक् न्यासः संन्यासः। तात्पर्य है कि प्रकृतिकी चीज सर्वथा प्रकृतिमें देने (छोड़ देने) और विवेकद्वारा प्रकृतिसे अपना सर्वथा सम्बन्धविच्छेद कर लेनेका नाम संन्यास है।कर्म और फलकी आसक्तिको छोड़नेका नाम त्याग है। छठे अध्यायके चौथे श्लोकमें आया है कि जो कर्म और फलमें आसक्त नहीं होता? वह योगारूढ़ हो जाता है। सम्बन्ध -- अर्जुनकी जिज्ञासाके उत्तरमें पहले भगवान् आगेके दो श्लोकोंमें अन्य दार्शनिक विद्वानोंके चार मत बताते हैं।

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APA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. (n.d.). Bhagavad-Gītā 18.1. Vidhyāmitra. Retrieved 2026-08-18, from https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/18/1
Chicago: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 18.1." Vidhyāmitra. Accessed 2026-08-18. https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/18/1.
MLA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 18.1." Vidhyāmitra, 2026, https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/18/1.
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🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷

सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)