🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 11.38

Chapter 11 · विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग · Viśvarūpa-Darśana-Yoga · "The Yoga of the Universal-Form Vision" · Verse 38 of 55

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त्वमादिदेवः पुरुषः पुराण

स्त्वमस्य विश्वस्य परं निधानम्।

वेत्तासि वेद्यं च परं च धाम

त्वया ततं विश्वमनन्तरूप।।11.38।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 11.38 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
11.38 Thou art the Primal God, the Ancient, the Supreme Abode of this universe, the Knower, the Knowledge and the Final Home. Thou fillest everything. Thy form is infinite.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
11.38 Thou art the primal God, the ancient Purusha, the supreme refuge of this universe, the knower, the knowable and the supreme Abode. By Thee is the universe pervaded, O Being of infinite forms.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
11.38 You are the adi-devah, primal Deity, because of being the creator of the Universe; the puranah, ancient, eternal; purusah, Person-(derived) in the sense of 'staying in the town (pura) that is the body'. You verily are the param, suprem; nidhanam, Resort, in which this entire Universe comes to rest at the time of final dissolution etc. Besides, You are the vetta, knower of all things to be known. You are also the vedyam, object of knowledge-that which is fit to be known; and the param, supreme; dhama, Abode, the supreme State of Visnu. Anantarupa, O You of infinite forms, who have no limit to Your own forms; the entire visvam, Universe; tatam, is pervaded; tvaya, by You. Further,
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
11.38 You alone are all the knowers and all that must be known. You alone, abiding thus as the Self of all, are the 'Dhaman' (abode), namely, the goal to be attained. By You, O infinite of form, is the universe pervaded. By You the universe, composed of conscient beings and non-conscient matter, is 'Tatam', pervaded. You are the Primal God, the Ancient Person. You are the supreme resting place of the universe. The meaning is that You are the supreme foundation of the universe which constitutes Your body, as You are its Self. [It is to be noted how Ramanuja derives here the meaning of 'individual self' for the word Aksara, which helps him to explain 'Kutasth'oksara ucchyate' in 15.16] Arjuna says: 'Therefore You alone are expressed by the terms Vayu etc.'
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
11.38. You are the Primal God; You are the Ancient Soul; You are the transcending place of rest for this universe; You are the knower and the knowable; You are the Highest Abode; and the universe with its infinite forms is pervaded by You.

🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद

For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · a high-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page for the 102-year-living Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī Mahātmā.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।11.38।। आप ही आदिदेव और पुराणपुरुष हैं तथा आप ही इस संसारके परम आश्रय हैं। आप ही सबको जाननेवाले, जाननेयोग्य और परमधाम हैं। हे अनन्तरूप ! आपसे ही सम्पूर्ण संसार व्याप्त है।

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
11.38 त्वम् Thou? आदिदेवः the primal God? पुरुषः Purusha? पुराणः the ancient? त्वम् Thou? अस्य of (this)? विश्वस्य of Universe? परम् the Supreme? निधानम् Refuge? वेत्ता Knower? असि (Thou) art? वेद्यम् to be known? च and? परम् the Supreme? च and? धाम abode? त्वया by Thee? ततम् is pervaded? विश्वम् the Universe? अनन्तरूप O Being of infinite forms.Commentary Primal God? because the Lord is the creator of the universe.Purusha? because the Lord lies in the body (Puri Sayanat).Nidhaanam That in which the world rests during the great deluge or cosmic dissolution.The pot comes out of the clay and gets merged in clay. Even so the world has come out of the Lord and gets dissolved or involved in the Lord. So the Lord is the material cause of the world. Therefore? He is the primal God and the supreme refuge also.Vetta Knower of the knowable things. As the Lord is omniscient? He knows all about the world? and He is the instrumental or the efficient cause of this world.Param Dhama Supreme Abode of Vishnu. Just as the rope (the substratum for the superimposed snake) pervades the snake? so also Brahman or Vishnu through His Nature as ExistenceKnowledgeBliss Absolute pervades the whole universe.Moreover --
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
11.38 You are the adi-devah, primal Deity, because of being the creator of the Universe; the puranah, ancient, eternal; purusah, Person-(derived) in the sense of 'staying in the town (pura) that is the body'. You verily are the param, suprem; nidhanam, Resort, in which this entire Universe comes to rest at the time of final dissolution etc. Besides, You are the vetta, knower of all things to be known. You are also the vedyam, object of knowledge-that which is fit to be known; and the param, supreme; dhama, Abode, the supreme State of Visnu. Anantarupa, O You of infinite forms, who have no limit to Your own forms; the entire visvam, Universe; tatam, is pervaded; tvaya, by You. Further,
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
11.38 You alone are all the knowers and all that must be known. You alone, abiding thus as the Self of all, are the 'Dhaman' (abode), namely, the goal to be attained. By You, O infinite of form, is the universe pervaded. By You the universe, composed of conscient beings and non-conscient matter, is 'Tatam', pervaded. You are the Primal God, the Ancient Person. You are the supreme resting place of the universe. The meaning is that You are the supreme foundation of the universe which constitutes Your body, as You are its Self. [It is to be noted how Ramanuja derives here the meaning of 'individual self' for the word Aksara, which helps him to explain 'Kutasth'oksara ucchyate' in 15.16] Arjuna says: 'Therefore You alone are expressed by the terms Vayu etc.'
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
11.38 Sri Abhinavagupta did not comment upon this sloka.
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।11.38।। आदिदेव आत्मा ही आदिकर्ता है। चैतन्यस्वरूप आत्मा से ही सृष्टिकर्ता ब्रह्माजी की उत्पत्ति हुई है। समष्टि मन और बुद्धि से अविच्छिन्न (मर्यादित? सीमित) आत्मा ही ब्रह्माजी कहलाता है।विश्व के परम आश्रय सम्पूर्ण विश्व परमात्मा में निवास करता है? इसलिए उसे यहाँ विश्व का परम आश्रय कहा गया है। जैसा कि पहले भी कहा जा चुका है? विश्व शब्द से केवल स्थूल जगत् ही नहीं समझना चाहिए? वरन् पूर्व श्लोक में वर्णित सत् और असत् (व्यक्त और अव्यक्त) का सम्मिलित रूप ही विश्व कहलाता है।विश्व शब्द को इस प्रकार समझ लेने पर वेदान्त के विद्यार्थियों को इस जीवन का सम्पूर्ण अर्थ समझने में कोई कठिनाई नहीं होगी। हम शरीर? मन और बुद्धि की जड़ उपाधियों के द्वारा जगत् का अनुभव करते हैं। ये स्वत जड़ होने के कारण उनमें अपना चैतन्य नहीं है। आत्म चैतन्य के सम्बन्ध से ही वे चेतनवत् व्यवहार करने में सक्षम होती हैं।वस्तुत? इन जड़ पदार्थों अथवा उपाधियों की उत्पत्ति आत्मा से नहीं हो सकती? क्योंकि आत्मा अविकारी है। हम यह भी नहीं कह सकते कि जड़ जगत् की उत्पत्ति किसी अन्य स्वतन्त्र कारण से हुई है? क्योंकि आत्मा ही सर्वव्यापी? एकमेव अद्वितीय सत्य है। इसलिए? वेदान्त में कहा गया है कि यह विश्व परम सत्य ब्रह्म पर अध्यस्त (अध्यारोपित) है? जैसे भ्रान्तिकाल में प्रेत स्तम्भ में अध्यस्त होता है। इस प्रकार की भ्रान्ति में? वह स्तम्भ ही प्रेत और उसकी गति का तथा उससे उत्पन्न हुई प्रतिक्रियायों का विधान कहलायेगा। वस्तुत? स्तम्भ के अतिरिक्त भूत का कोई अस्तित्व या सत्यत्व नहीं है। इसी प्रकार यहाँ अर्जुन परमात्मा का निर्देश अत्यन्त सुन्दर प्रकार से विश्व के विधान कहकर करता है।आप ज्ञाता और ज्ञेय हैं चैतन्य ही वह तत्त्व है? जो हमारे अनुभवों को सत्यत्व प्रदान करता है। चैतन्य से प्रकाशित हुए बिना इस जड़ जगत् का ज्ञान सम्भव नहीं होता? इसलिए यहाँ चैतन्यस्वरूप भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण को ज्ञाता कहा गया है। आत्म साक्षात्कार हेतु उपदिष्ट सभी साधनाओं की प्रक्रिया यह है कि इन्द्रियादि के द्वारा विचलित होने वाला मन का ध्यान बाह्य विषयों से निवृत्त कर उसे आत्मस्वरूप में स्थिर किया जाय। जब यह मन वृत्तिशून्य हो जाता है? तब शुद्ध चैतन्य स्वरूप आत्मा का साक्षात् अनुभवगम्य बोध होता है। इसलिए आत्मा को यहाँ वेद्य अर्थात् जानने योग्य तत्त्व कहा गया है।सम्पूर्ण विश्व आपके द्वारा व्याप्त है जैसे समस्त मिष्ठानों में मधुरता व्याप्त है या तरंगों में जल व्याप्त है? वैसे ही विश्व में परमात्मा व्याप्त है। अभी कहा गया था कि अधिष्ठान के अतिरिक्त अध्यस्त वस्तु का कोई अस्तित्व नहीं होता। आत्मा ही वह अधिष्ठान है? जिस पर यह नानाविश्व सृष्टि की प्रतीति हो रही है। इसलिए यहाँ उचित ही कहा गया है कि आपके द्वारा यह विश्व व्याप्त है। यह केवल उपनिषद् प्रतिपादित उस सत्य की ही पुनरुक्ति है कि अनन्त ब्रह्म सबको व्याप्त करता है? परन्तु उसे कोई व्याप्त नहीं कर सकता है।

🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या

Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the great modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa. (→ Full Mahāpurusha-detail page · 1904-2005 · Corner 1 Mādhurya operational anchor · whose 6-lakṣaṇa-śaraṇāgati IS Constitutional Principle 24.)

🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
।।11.38।। व्याख्या--'त्वमादिदेवः पुरुषः पुराणः'-- आप सम्पूर्ण देवताओंके आदिदेव हैं; क्योंकि सबसे पहले आप ही प्रकट होते हैं। आप पुराणपुरुष हैं; क्योंकि आप सदासे हैं और सदा ही रहनेवाले हैं।

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BG 11.38local Bhagavad-Gītā verse route and source-anchor sectionChapter 11 hubViśvarūpa-Darśana-Yoga · The Yoga of the Universal-Form VisionMBh 6.33.38exact Bhīṣma-Parva source route for this Gītā verse/bhagavad-gitamaster index for all 18 chapters and 701 verse routesBhīṣma-ParvaMahābhārata narrative home where the Bhagavad-Gītā is received/mahabharatafull Itihāsa source spine for Vyāsa Maharṣi's MahābhārataBG 1 · Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Arjuna-Viṣāda YogaBG 2 · Sāṅkhya YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Sāṅkhya YogaBG 3 · Karma YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma YogaBG 4 · Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Jñāna-Karma-SannyāsaBG 5 · Karma-Sannyāsa YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Karma-Sannyāsa YogaBG 6 · Dhyāna YogaTVAM-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Dhyāna YogaBG 7 · Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)TAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Krishna-Tattva (Jñāna-Vijñāna)BG 8 · Akṣara-Brahma YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Akṣara-Brahma YogaBG 9 · Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Rāja-Vidyā Rāja-GuhyaBG 10 · Vibhūti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Vibhūti YogaBG 12 · Bhakti YogaTAT-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Bhakti YogaBG 13 · Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Kṣetra-Kṣetrajña YogaBG 14 · Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Guṇa-Traya-VibhāgaBG 15 · Puruṣottama YogaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Puruṣottama YogaBG 16 · Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Daivāsura-Sampad-VibhāgaBG 17 · Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Śraddhā-Traya-VibhāgaBG 18 · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)ANTYA-Ṣaṭka chapter hub for Mokṣa-Sannyāsa Yoga (Carama-Śloka)BG 2.47niṣkāma-karma-yoga action disciplineBG 4.34praṇipāta · paripraśna · sevā before tattva-darśī teachersBG 7.7mattaḥ parataraṁ nānyat · no source higher than KrishnaBG 9.17Krishna as father, mother, supporter, and grandfatherBG 10.30Krishna as Time among reckonersBG 13.23Paramātmā as witness, permitter, supporter, enjoyer, and LordBG 15.15Krishna seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetfulnessBG 18.61Īśvara situated in the heart of all beingsBG 18.66Carama-Śloka surrender discipline and final refuge/vishwaroopa-darshanaall 18 Gītā chapters rendered as one chart-aware darśana/vishvarupa-chartBG 11 chart-as-Viśvarūpa-darśana aperture/bija-sutrasfounder-curated bīja-pada exposition layer inside selected Gītā verse pages/binduDiamond of Darśanas frame for Gītā source recognition/philosophyKrishna = Paramaatma = Parabrahman constitutional foundation/llms.txtbrief AI-agent source map/llms-full.txtcomprehensive AI-agent access map
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APA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. (n.d.). Bhagavad-Gītā 11.38. Vidhyāmitra. Retrieved 2026-07-28, from https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/11/38
Chicago: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 11.38." Vidhyāmitra. Accessed 2026-07-28. https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/11/38.
MLA: Vyāsa Maharṣi. "Bhagavad-Gītā 11.38." Vidhyāmitra, 2026, https://vidhyamitra.com/bhagavad-gita/11/38.
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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)