🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 2.34
Chapter 2 · सांख्ययोग · Sāṅkhya-Yoga · "The Yoga of Knowledge" · Verse 34 of 72
🪷 English Translations
Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.
Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
2.34 Men will talk forever of thy disgrace; and to the noble, dishonour is worse than death.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
2.34 People, too, will recount thy everlasting dishonour; and to one who has been honoured, dishonour is worse than death.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
2.34 Not only will there be the giving up of your duty and fame, but bhutani, people; ca api, also; kathayisyanti, will speak; te, of your; avyayam, unending, perpetual; akrtim, infamy. Ca, and; sambhavitasya, to an honoured person, to a person honoured with such epithets as 'virtuous', 'heroic', etc.; akirtih, infamy; atiricyate, is worse than; maranat, death. The meaning is that, to an honoured person death is perferable to infamy.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
2.34 You will then incur not merely the loss of all happiness and honour but will be the object of disrespect by all people, the alifies and even the unalified, for all time. They will ridicule you saying, 'When the battle began, Arjuna ran away.' It it be asked, 'What if it be so?", the reply is: 'To one who is honoured by all for courage, prowess, valour, etc., this kind of dishonour arising from the reverse of these attributes, is worse than death? The meaning is that itself would be better for you than this kind of dishonour.
If it is said, 'How could dishonour accrue to me, who am a hero, but have withdrawn from the battle only out of love and compassion for my relatives?' the reply is as follows:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
2.34. The creatures will speak of your endless ill-fame; and for the one who has been highly esteemed the illfame is worse than death.
🪷 Hindi Translation · हिन्दी अनुवाद
For the Hindi-aware seer · Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's translation · the highest-readability modern Hindi rendering · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur tradition.
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī tradition · Gītā-Press Gorakhpur · highest modern Hindi reading
।।2.34।। और सब प्राणी भी तेरी सदा रहनेवाली अपकीर्तिका कथन अर्थात निंदा करेंगे। वह अपकीर्ति सम्मानित मनुष्यके लिये मृत्युसे भी बढ़कर दुःखदायी होती है।
🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices
The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.
Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
2.34 अकीर्तिम् dishonour? च and? अपि also? भूतानि beings? कथयिष्यन्ति will tell? ते thy? अव्ययाम् everlasting? संभावितस्य of the honoured? च and? अकीर्तिः dishonour? मरणात् than death? अतिरिच्यते exceeds.Commentary The world also will ever recount thy infamy which will survive thee for a long time. Death is really preferable to disgrace to one who has been honoured as a great hero and mighty warrior with noble alities.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
2.34 Not only will there be the giving up of your duty and fame, but bhutani, people; ca api, also; kathayisyanti, will speak; te, of your; avyayam, unending, perpetual; akrtim, infamy. Ca, and; sambhavitasya, to an honoured person, to a person honoured with such epithets as 'virtuous', 'heroic', etc.; akirtih, infamy; atiricyate, is worse than; maranat, death. The meaning is that, to an honoured person death is perferable to infamy.
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
2.34 You will then incur not merely the loss of all happiness and honour but will be the object of disrespect by all people, the alifies and even the unalified, for all time. They will ridicule you saying, 'When the battle began, Arjuna ran away.' It it be asked, 'What if it be so?", the reply is: 'To one who is honoured by all for courage, prowess, valour, etc., this kind of dishonour arising from the reverse of these attributes, is worse than death? The meaning is that itself would be better for you than this kind of dishonour.
If it is said, 'How could dishonour accrue to me, who am a hero, but have withdrawn from the battle only out of love and compassion for my relatives?' the reply is as follows:
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
2.34 See Comment under 2.37
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।2.34।। एक प्रसिद्ध सम्मानित वीर के लिए अपकीर्ति मरण से भी अधिक होती है। श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुन को दुविधा त्याग कर युद्ध में प्रवृत्त करने के लिए एक और तर्क प्रस्तुत करते हैं। अर्जुन का पक्ष धर्म और न्याय का होने पर भी उसका युद्ध से पलायन कायरता का लक्षण है। भगवान् के शब्दों में अर्जुन के प्रति सहानुभूति अन्तर्निहित है क्योंकि वे जानते हैं कि भावावेग में शूरवीर अर्जुन भी मन से दुर्बल होकर हतोत्साहित हो सकता है। आगे
🪷 Hindi Vyākhyā · हिन्दी व्याख्या
Pūjya Swami Rāmsukhdās ji's Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · one of the greatest modern Hindi vyākhyās of the Gītā · direct, pure, deeply Vedāntic · the modern Sanātana-jāgaraṇa.
🪷 Swami Rāmsukhdās · Sādhaka-Sañjīvanī · Hindi vyākhyā · the modern bilingual anchor
2.34।। व्याख्या--'अकीर्तिं चापि भूतानि कथयिष्यन्ति तेऽव्ययाम्' -- मनुष्य, देवता, यक्ष, राक्षस आदि जिन प्राणियोंका तेरे साथ कोई सम्बन्ध नहीं है अर्थात् जिनकी तेरे साथ न मित्रता है और न शत्रुता, ऐसे साधारण प्राणी भी तेरी अपकीर्ति, अपयशका कथन करेंगे कि देखो ! अर्जुन कैसा भीरू था, जो कि अपने क्षात्र-धर्मसे विमुख हो गया। वह कितना शूरवीर था, पर युद्धके मौकेपर उसकी कायरता प्रकट हो गयी, जिसका कि दूसरोंको पता ही नहीं था; आदि-आदि।
'ते' कहनेका भाव है कि स्वर्ग, मृत्यु और पाताल-लोकमें भी जिसकी धाक जमी हुई है, ऐसे तेरी अपकीर्ति होगी। अव्ययाम् कहनेका तात्पर्य है कि जो आदमी श्रेष्ठताको लेकर जितना अधिक प्रसिद्ध होता है, उसकी कीर्ति और अपकीर्ति भी उतनी ही अधिक स्थायी रहनेवाली होती है।
'सम्भावितस्य चाकीर्तिर्मरणादतिरिच्यते'-- इस श्लोकके पूर्वार्धमें भगवान्ने साधारण प्राणियोंद्वारा अर्जुनकी निन्दा किये जानेकी बात बतायी। अब श्लोकके उत्तार्धमें सबके लिये लागू होनेवाली सामान्य बात बताते हैं।
संसारकी दृष्टिमें जो श्रेष्ठ माना जाता है, जिसको लोग बड़ी ऊँची दृष्टिसे देखते हैं, ऐसे मनुष्यकी जब अपकीर्ति होती है, तब वह अपकीर्ति उसके लिये मरणसे भी अधिक भयंकर दुःखदायी होती है। कारण कि मरनेमें तो आयु समाप्त हुई है, उसने कोई अपराध तो किया नहीं है, परन्तु अपकीर्ति होनेमें तो वह खुद धर्म-मर्यादासे ,कर्तव्यसे च्युत हुआ है। तात्पर्य है कि लोगोंमें श्रेष्ठ माना जानेवाला मनुष्य अगर अपने कर्तव्यसे च्युत होता है, तो उसका बड़ा भयंकर अपयश होता है।
🪷 Place in the Bhagavad-Gītā
- This is verse 34 of 72 in Chapter 2 · Sāṅkhya-Yoga (The Yoga of Knowledge)
- Chapter theme: Krishna's first teaching · the niṣkāma-karma sūtra · BG 2.47
- Ṣaṭka grouping: TVAM-Ṣaṭka (BG 1-6 · the jīva)
- Chapter hub: /sankhya-yoga
🪷 ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय 🪷
सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)