🪷 Bhagavad-Gītā · 18.52

Chapter 18 · मोक्षसंन्यासयोग · Mokṣa-Sannyāsa-Yoga · "The Yoga of Liberation & Renunciation" · Verse 52 of 78

← BG 18.51↑ Chapter 18 hub · Bhagavad-Gītā indexBG 18.53 →
विविक्तसेवी लघ्वाशी यतवाक्कायमानसः।ध्यानयोगपरो नित्यं वैराग्यं समुपाश्रितः।।18.52।।
Bhagavad-Gītā 18.52 · the yathārtha śloka (Devanāgarī Sanskrit · canonical)

🪷 English Translations

Five authentic English voices · each from a distinct sampradāya · together revealing the verse's full śabda-tattva.

Shri Purohit Swami · Poetic English · 1935 · public domain · Cosmo Press tradition
18.52 Enjoying solitude, abstemiousness, his body, mind and speech under perfect control, absorbed in meditation, he becomes free - always filled with the spirit of renunciation.
Swami Sivananda · Direct prose · Divine Life Society
18.52 Dwelling in solitude, eating but little, with speech, body and mind subdued, always engaged in meditation and concentration, resorting to dispassion.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Word-key glosses · Advaita Ashrama · Śaṅkara-school
18.52 Vivikta-sevi, one who resorts to solitude, is habituated to repairing into such solitary places as a forest, bank of a river, mountain caves, etc.; laghuasi, eats sparingly, is habituated to eating a little-repairing to solitary places and eating sparingly are nentioned here since they are the causes of tranillity of mind through the elimination of defects like sleep etc.-; the person steadfast in Knowledge, yata-vak-kaya-manasah, who has speech, body and mind under control. Having all his organs withdrawn thus, dhyana-yoga-parah nityam, one to whom meditation and concentration are ever the highest (duty)-meditation is thinking of the real nature of the Self, and concentration is making the mind one-pointed with regard to the Self itself; one to whom these meditation and concentration are the highest (duty) is dhyana-yoga-parah-. Nityam, (ever) is used to indicate the absence of other duties like repetition of mantra [A formula of prayer sacred to any deity.-V.S.A.] etc. Samupasritah, one who is fully possessed, i.e. ever possessed; of vairagyam, dispassion, absence of longing for objects seen or unseen-. Further,
Swami Ādidevānanda · Śrī-Vaiṣṇava perspective · Rāmānuja school
18.51 - 18.53 'Endowed with a purified understanding' means endowed with the Buddhi capable of understanding the self as it is in reality; 'subduing the mind by steadiness' means making the mind fit for meditation by turning away from external and internal objects; 'relinishing sound and other objects of senses' means keeping them far away, casting aside love and hate occasioned by them (i.e., the sense objects). 'Resorting to solitude' means living in a lonely place free from hindrances to meditation; 'eat but little' means eating neither too much nor too little; 'restraining speech, body and mind' means directing the operations of body, speech and mind to meditation; 'ever engaged in the Yoga of meditation' means being like this, i.e., constantly engaged in the Yoga of meditation day after day until death; 'taking refuge in dispassion' means developing aversion to all objects except the one entity to be meditated upon, by considering the imperfections of all objects and thus cultivating detachment to everything. Forsaking 'egoism' means abandoning the tendency to consider what is other than the self, as well as neutralising the power of forcible Vasnas (tendencies) which nourish (egoism), and the resulting pride, desire, wrath and possessiveness. 'With no feeling of mine' means free from the notion that what does not belong to oneself belongs to oneself; 'Who is tranil' means, who finds sole happiness in experiencing the self. One who has become like this and performs the Yoga of meditation becomes worthy for the state of Brahman. The meaning is that, freed from all bonds, he experiences the self as It really is.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Academic precision · modern scholarly
18.52. Who enjoys solitude, eats lightly, has controlled his speech-organ, body and mind; who is permanently devoted to the meditation-Yoga; and who has taken shelter in the perennial desirelessness;

🪷 English Commentaries · The Ācārya Voices

The classical commentary tradition rendered in English · each ācārya speaks from their own sampradāya · the seer chooses the depth of darśana.

Swami Sivananda · Verse-by-verse word-keys with Sanskrit anchors
18.52 विविक्तसेवी dwelling in solitude? लघ्वाशी eating but little? यतवाक्कायमानसः speech? body and mind subdued? ध्यानयोगपरः engaged in meditation and concentration? नित्यम् always? वैराग्यम् dispassion? समुपाश्रितः resorting to.Commentary Solitude has its own charms. The spiritual vibrations in solitude are wonderfully elevating. Meditation will come by itself without exertion. All saints and sages who have attained Selfrealisation have remained in solitude for a number of years. You will have good meditation if you sit on the bank of a river? in a cave or on the seashore or in a jungle. During the Christmas and Easter holidays you can all enjoy the peace of solitude. It is very necessary to live in solitude at least for a month or a fortnight in a year for the householders. Instead of wasting time? energy and money in Calcutta or any other city? during the holidays? live in holy places like Rishikesh? Uttarakasi or Naimisaranya drink the nectar of peace in such places by doing Anushthana (intense and systematic spiritual practice) or Japa of a Mantra and attain immortality. If you once taste the bliss of solitude you will never forget it. Every year you will attempt to taste it again. He who takes too much food (a glutton) is ite unfit for meditation or the spiritual path. Too much food will produce laziness? a halfsleepy state and deep sleep also. Eat to live. Eat in moderation. You will have a light body and light? cheerful and serene mind. This will help you in your practice of meditation. Observe Mauna or the vow of silelnce for a week or a month. Observe the vow for two hours daily. Control the body. Practise Ahimsa and Brahmacharya. Meditate on the Self or on the Lord Hari with four hands? or on Lord Krishna? Rama or Siva. Be regular in your meditation and gradually increase the period of meditation from 15 minutes to 3 or 6 hours at a sitting. If you are a wholetimed aspirant? spend the whole time in meditation. If you are not able to do this? do Likhita Japa (writing the Mantra) and Kirtan (singing the Names and glories of the Lord). Study religious books in the interval. Only advanced aspirants can meditate for a long time. Watch the mind and cultivate dispassion. Energy will leak out through the senses if you are careless and nonvigilant. If energy leaks out? you cannot have good meditation. Dispassion is indifference to sensual enjoyments herein and hereafter? absence of desire for visible and invisible objects. You must have steady? lasting and sustained dispassion. It should not wane. It should be a constant attitude of the mind. You must be fully established in dispassion.In doing the Anushthana for 40 days live on milk and fruits or light diet. Take only 3 or 4 articles of food. Take one meal only. Sleep on the floor. Observe celibacy and the vow of silence. Do not come out of the room. Speak little if you do not observe perfect silence. Do the Anushthana on the banks of the Ganga or any sacred river. Try to do one or several Purascharanas of your Ishta Mantra. If there are five letters (syllables in English) in the Mantra? 500?000 repetitions of the Mantra will constitute one Purascharana.
Swami Gambīrānanda · Advaita-school commentary (Śaṅkara tradition)
18.52 Vivikta-sevi, one who resorts to solitude, is habituated to repairing into such solitary places as a forest, bank of a river, mountain caves, etc.; laghuasi, eats sparingly, is habituated to eating a little-repairing to solitary places and eating sparingly are nentioned here since they are the causes of tranillity of mind through the elimination of defects like sleep etc.-; the person steadfast in Knowledge, yata-vak-kaya-manasah, who has speech, body and mind under control. Having all his organs withdrawn thus, dhyana-yoga-parah nityam, one to whom meditation and concentration are ever the highest (duty)-meditation is thinking of the real nature of the Self, and concentration is making the mind one-pointed with regard to the Self itself; one to whom these meditation and concentration are the highest (duty) is dhyana-yoga-parah-. Nityam, (ever) is used to indicate the absence of other duties like repetition of mantra [A formula of prayer sacred to any deity.-V.S.A.] etc. Samupasritah, one who is fully possessed, i.e. ever possessed; of vairagyam, dispassion, absence of longing for objects seen or unseen-. Further,
Swami Ādidevānanda · Rāmānuja Śrī-Vaiṣṇava commentary
18.51 - 18.53 'Endowed with a purified understanding' means endowed with the Buddhi capable of understanding the self as it is in reality; 'subduing the mind by steadiness' means making the mind fit for meditation by turning away from external and internal objects; 'relinishing sound and other objects of senses' means keeping them far away, casting aside love and hate occasioned by them (i.e., the sense objects). 'Resorting to solitude' means living in a lonely place free from hindrances to meditation; 'eat but little' means eating neither too much nor too little; 'restraining speech, body and mind' means directing the operations of body, speech and mind to meditation; 'ever engaged in the Yoga of meditation' means being like this, i.e., constantly engaged in the Yoga of meditation day after day until death; 'taking refuge in dispassion' means developing aversion to all objects except the one entity to be meditated upon, by considering the imperfections of all objects and thus cultivating detachment to everything. Forsaking 'egoism' means abandoning the tendency to consider what is other than the self, as well as neutralising the power of forcible Vasnas (tendencies) which nourish (egoism), and the resulting pride, desire, wrath and possessiveness. 'With no feeling of mine' means free from the notion that what does not belong to oneself belongs to oneself; 'Who is tranil' means, who finds sole happiness in experiencing the self. One who has become like this and performs the Yoga of meditation becomes worthy for the state of Brahman. The meaning is that, freed from all bonds, he experiences the self as It really is.
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan · Modern academic scholarship
18.52 See Comment under 18.60
Swami Chinmayānanda · Chinmaya Mission · modern Vedantic teaching
।।18.52।। विविक्तसेवी पूर्व श्लोक में वर्णित गुणों से युक्त साधक को एकान्त में जाना चाहिए। एकान्तवासीस्वभाव के साधक को विवक्तसेवी कहते हैं। एकान्त के लिए किसी वनउपवन में ही जाने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। इससे तात्पर्य ऐसे स्थान से है? जहाँ बाह्य विक्षेपों की संख्या न्यूनतम हो। कोई व्यक्ति अपने घर में भी ऐसे समय का चयन कर सकता है? जब वहाँ विक्षेपों के कारण नहीं होते हैं।लघ्वाशी इस शब्द का अर्थ है मिताहारी। अत्यधिक भोजन करने से शरीर स्थूल और बुद्धि मन्द हो जाती है। समस्त साधकों के लिए परिमितता तो एक नियम ही है।यतवाक्कायमानस वाणी और शरीर से तात्पर्य कर्मेन्द्रियों और ज्ञानेन्द्रियों से है। इन दोनों के वश में होने पर मन का संयम भी सरल हो जाता है। विषयग्रहण? तत्पश्चात् होने वाली प्रतिक्रियायें तथा मन को संयत करने का अर्थ इन सब कर्मों में अहंकार भाव का त्याग करना है।ध्यानयोगपर मन वृत्तिरूपी है। अत मन कभी निरालम्ब नहीं रह सकता। उसकी विषयाभिमुखी प्रवृत्ति को अवरुद्ध करने का एकमात्र उपाय यह है कि उसे चिन्तन के लिए कोई श्रेष्ठ ध्येय उपलब्ध कराया जाये। जिस मात्रा में वह उस ध्येय में समाहित होता जायेगा? उसी मात्रा में उसकी बहिर्मुखी प्रवृत्ति भी शान्त होती जायेगी। विषयों से निवृत्त करके मन को परमात्मा के स्वरूप में स्थित या समाहित करने का प्रयत्न ही ध्यानयोग कहा जाता है। साधक को इसकी साधना में सदैव तत्पर रहना चाहिए? क्योंकि मन के उपशमन का यही सर्वश्रेष्ठ साधन है।वैराग्य से युक्त वैराग्य राग का विरोधी नहीं है। राग का विरोधी तो द्वेष है। राग और द्वेष इन दोनों से ही मुक्त होना वैराग्य है। जब मनुष्य यह समझ लेता है कि विषयों में सुख नहीं है? तब उसका मन स्वत ही विषयों से विरत हो जाता है। वैराग्यशाली पुरुष विषयों से दूर नहीं भागता? वरन् वे विषय ही ऐसे पुरुष से निराश होकर भाग जाते हैं जैसेजैसे मनुष्य का विकास होता जाता है? वैसेवैसे उसकी अभिरुचियों में भी परिवर्तन आता है और उन परिवर्तनों के साथ ही अपनी पूर्व रुचियों की वस्तुओं में उसका कोई आकर्षण नहीं रह जाता। उदाहरणार्थ? जब तक कोई मनुष्य भोगी और विलासी प्रवृत्ति का होता है? उसका मित्र परिवार भी समान गुणों वाला रहता है। परन्तु जब वह राजनीतिक और सामाजिक कार्यों में रुचि लेने लगता है? तब उसका घर राजनीतिक और सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताओं से भरा रहने लगता है। कुछ समय बाद विचारों में और अधिक पक्वता आने पर वह पुरुष आध्यात्मिक स्वभाव का बन जाता है। उस स्थिति में सत्तावार्ता में रमने वाले राजनीतिज्ञ और ईर्ष्या तथा प्रतिस्प्ार्धा के भाव से पूर्ण सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता भी वहाँ से निवृत्त हो जाते हैं। अब उनका स्थान तत्त्वचिन्तक और आध्यात्मिक पुरुष ले लेते हैं। इस उदाहरण से यह स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि किस प्रकार मन के विकसित होने पर निम्न स्तर की वस्तुएं स्वत निवृत्त हो जाती हैं। यह वास्तविक वैराग्य है। इस वैराग्य में किसी प्रकार का कष्ट नहीं होता।

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सर्वम् कृष्णार्पणम् — this verse is one maṇi (jewel) on Krishna's thread (BG 7.7)