{"id":"vidhyamitra:day:2221-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-1-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/2221-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2221-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2221 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2221,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2532474.770833,"kali_year":5323,"ahargana":1944009.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":99.7802,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":231.1296,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":131.3494,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.3494},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":231.1296,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.463},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":330.9099},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2221,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2532474.770833,"ahargana":1944009.2708,"kali_year":5323,"ayanamsa_lahiri":26.9483,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.82469800000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":233.87349800000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4885},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":207.97449800000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":124.848098,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":240.09029799999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":141.139298,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":210.124098,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":137.0336,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":317.0336,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2221,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2532474.770833,"kali_year":5323,"ahargana":1944009.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":99.7802,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":231.1296,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":131.3494,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.3494},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":231.1296,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.463},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":330.9099},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.488,"elongation":131.349},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.488,"opposition_distance":48.651}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2278,"vikram_samvatsara":"Bhāva","saka_samvat":2143,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmati","bengali_samvat":1628,"malayalam_era":1397,"nanakshahi_year":752,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 2278 Bhāva · Śaka 2143 Durmati"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pavitropana-ekadashi","name":"Pavitropanā Ekādaśī (Putradā)","name_sanskrit":"पवित्रोपना एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Confers son; pavitra (sacred thread) ceremony for Viṣṇu.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Jyeṣṭhā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"valid_from":"2221-07-31T00:00:00Z"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate; Vidhyamitra substrate"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2221 CE · Vidhyamitra","description":"Vedic pañchāṅga for July 31, 2221 CE: Śukla Ekādaśī · Jyeṣṭhā.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/2221-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/2221-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/day/2221-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/day/2221-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/2221-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-25T16:34:30.473Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-25T16:34:30.473Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa"}}}