{"id":"vidhyamitra:day:1991-01-05:en","page_class":"VM-1-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/1991-01-05","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1991-01-05","date_display":"January 5, 1991 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1991,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448261.770833,"kali_year":5092,"ahargana":1859796.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.277,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":135.7056,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":235.4286,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4286},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":135.7056,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.3723},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":35.9827},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1991,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448261.770833,"ahargana":1859796.2708,"kali_year":5092,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.7274,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.45575400000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":137.83295399999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.6851},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":34.287554,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":240.095054,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":107.73715400000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":276.20585400000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":272.23395400000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":279.0436,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":99.0436,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1991,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448261.770833,"kali_year":5092,"ahargana":1859796.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.277,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":135.7056,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":235.4286,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4286},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":135.7056,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.3723},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":35.9827},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.685,"elongation":124.571},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.685,"opposition_distance":55.429}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":11,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.479,"elongation":0.76}]},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2048,"vikram_samvatsara":"Tāraṇa","saka_samvat":1913,"saka_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","bengali_samvat":1398,"malayalam_era":1167,"nanakshahi_year":522,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2048 Tāraṇa · Śaka 1913 Prajāpati"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"valid_from":"1991-01-05T00:00:00Z"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate; Vidhyamitra substrate"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 5, 1991 CE · Vidhyamitra","description":"Vedic pañchāṅga for January 5, 1991 CE: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Pūrva Phalgunī.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/1991-01-05","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/1991-01-05","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/day/1991-01-05","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/day/1991-01-05","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/1991-01-05"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T09:21:09.486Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T09:21:09.486Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa"}}}