{"id":"vidhyamitra:day:1897-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-1-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/1897-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1897-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 1897 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1897,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2413940.770833,"kali_year":4998,"ahargana":1825475.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.9643,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":59.5903,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":145.626,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.626},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":59.5903,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.257},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":333.5546},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1897,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2413940.770833,"ahargana":1825475.2708,"kali_year":4998,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.4148,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.8115680000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":60.47546799999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8128},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":50.63856800000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":288.309068,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":137.610768,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":319.50906800000007,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":217.11746800000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":297.5353,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":117.5353,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1897,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2413940.770833,"kali_year":4998,"ahargana":1825475.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.9643,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":59.5903,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":145.626,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.626},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":59.5903,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.257},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":333.5546},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.813,"elongation":145.626},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.813,"opposition_distance":34.374}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":3,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.464,"opposition_distance":1.334}]},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1954,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1819,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1304,"malayalam_era":1073,"nanakshahi_year":428,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 1954 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1819 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"valid_from":"1897-01-16T00:00:00Z"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate; Vidhyamitra substrate"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 1897 CE · Vidhyamitra","description":"Vedic pañchāṅga for January 16, 1897 CE: Śukla Trayodaśī · Mṛgaśīrṣā.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/1897-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/1897-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/day/1897-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/day/1897-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/day/1897-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:06:26.249Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T23:06:26.249Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa"}}}