{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:washington-dc:2001-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/washington-dc/2001-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6599,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.4165,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.7566,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7566},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":195.4165,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7498},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.0763},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8749,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.17638799999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":198.80788800000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8669},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":231.658588,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":91.20358800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":69.31988799999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":60.971788000000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":47.92428799999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":74.6812,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":254.6812,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6599,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.4165,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.7566,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7566},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":195.4165,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7498},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.0763},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.867,"elongation":94.757},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.867,"opposition_distance":85.243}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"washington-dc","name":"Washington DC, USA","lat":38.9072,"lon":-77.0369,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"washington-dc","name":"Washington DC, USA","lat":38.9072,"lon":-77.0369,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:05","sunsetLocal":"19:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":14.309248550686618,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 18 Mins 33 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 41 Mins 27 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:34","moonsetLocal":"23:56","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:40","end":"10:27","startHours":8.66132040693503,"endHours":10.449976475770857,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:02","end":"15:49","startHours":14.027288613442511,"endHours":15.815944682278339,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:05","end":"06:52","startHours":5.084008269263376,"endHours":6.872664338099203,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:25","end":"08:54","startHours":8.422832931090253,"endHours":8.899807882779807,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:41","end":"06:04","startHours":5.680226958875318,"endHours":6.061806920226961,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:43","startHours":11.76165759291713,"endHours":12.715607496296238,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:11","end":"04:08","startHours":3.17610846250516,"endHours":4.130058365884268,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:53","end":"05:05","startHours":3.8915708900394907,"endHours":5.084008269263376,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:35","startHours":14.623507303054456,"endHours":15.577457206433564,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:12","end":"19:36","startHours":19.193256819949994,"endHours":19.593256819949993,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:24","end":"19:59","startHours":19.393256819949993,"endHours":19.989475509561935,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:09","end":"20:54","startHours":19.143256819949993,"endHours":20.893256819949993,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:43","startHours":23.761657592917132,"endHours":24.715607496296236,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:05","end":"06:52","startHours":5.084008269263376,"endHours":6.872664338099203,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:52","end":"08:40","startHours":6.872664338099203,"endHours":8.66132040693503,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:40","end":"10:27","startHours":8.66132040693503,"endHours":10.449976475770857,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:27","end":"12:14","startHours":10.449976475770857,"endHours":12.238632544606684,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:14","end":"14:02","startHours":12.238632544606684,"endHours":14.027288613442511,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:02","end":"15:49","startHours":14.027288613442511,"endHours":15.815944682278339,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:49","end":"17:36","startHours":15.815944682278339,"endHours":17.604600751114166,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:36","end":"19:24","startHours":17.604600751114166,"endHours":19.393256819949993,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:24","end":"20:36","startHours":19.393256819949993,"endHours":20.604600751114166,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:36","end":"21:49","startHours":20.604600751114166,"endHours":21.81594468227834,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:49","end":"23:02","startHours":21.81594468227834,"endHours":23.02728861344251,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:02","end":"00:14","startHours":23.02728861344251,"endHours":24.238632544606684,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:14","end":"01:27","startHours":24.238632544606684,"endHours":25.449976475770857,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:27","end":"02:40","startHours":25.449976475770857,"endHours":26.66132040693503,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:40","end":"03:52","startHours":26.66132040693503,"endHours":27.872664338099202,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:52","end":"05:05","startHours":27.872664338099202,"endHours":29.084008269263375,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:05","end":"06:05","startHours":5.084008269263376,"endHours":6.084008269263376,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:05","end":"07:05","startHours":6.084008269263376,"endHours":7.084008269263376,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:05","end":"08:05","startHours":7.084008269263376,"endHours":8.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:05","end":"09:05","startHours":8.084008269263375,"endHours":9.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:05","end":"10:05","startHours":9.084008269263375,"endHours":10.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:05","end":"11:05","startHours":10.084008269263375,"endHours":11.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:05","end":"12:05","startHours":11.084008269263375,"endHours":12.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:05","end":"13:05","startHours":12.084008269263375,"endHours":13.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:05","end":"14:05","startHours":13.084008269263375,"endHours":14.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:05","end":"15:05","startHours":14.084008269263375,"endHours":15.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:05","end":"16:05","startHours":15.084008269263375,"endHours":16.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:05","end":"17:05","startHours":16.084008269263375,"endHours":17.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:05","end":"18:05","startHours":17.084008269263375,"endHours":18.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:05","end":"19:05","startHours":18.084008269263375,"endHours":19.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:05","end":"20:05","startHours":19.084008269263375,"endHours":20.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:05","end":"21:05","startHours":20.084008269263375,"endHours":21.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:05","end":"22:05","startHours":21.084008269263375,"endHours":22.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:05","end":"23:05","startHours":22.084008269263375,"endHours":23.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:05","end":"00:05","startHours":23.084008269263375,"endHours":24.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:05","end":"01:05","startHours":24.084008269263375,"endHours":25.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:05","end":"02:05","startHours":25.084008269263375,"endHours":26.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:05","end":"03:05","startHours":26.084008269263375,"endHours":27.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:05","end":"04:05","startHours":27.084008269263375,"endHours":28.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:05","end":"05:05","startHours":28.084008269263375,"endHours":29.084008269263375,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":19.001870307142717,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.8749}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"washington-dc"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2001 CE · Washington DC, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2001 CE for Washington DC, USA: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 05:05, sūryāsta 19:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/washington-dc/2001-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/washington-dc/2001-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/washington-dc/2001-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/washington-dc/2001-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/washington-dc/2001-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-24T17:42:09.077Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-24T17:42:09.077Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-24T17:42:09.077Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}