{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vrindavan:2048-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2048-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2048-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2048 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2048,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2469285.770833,"kali_year":5150,"ahargana":1880820.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.5065,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":315.9912,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":215.4847,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.4847},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":315.9912,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3245},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":56.4976},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":35,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2048,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2469285.770833,"ahargana":1880820.2708,"kali_year":5150,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.5315,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.13508200000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":316.473882,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.2518},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":222.32388200000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":107.97698200000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":56.77178200000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":116.907082,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":255.62358200000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":245.0909,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":65.0909,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2048,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2469285.770833,"kali_year":5150,"ahargana":1880820.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.5065,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":315.9912,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":215.4847,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.4847},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":315.9912,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3245},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":56.4976},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":35,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.252,"elongation":144.515},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.252,"opposition_distance":35.485}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-17,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.354,"elongation":0.874}]},"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:40","sunsetLocal":"19:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:26","dayLengthHours":13.503707886731778,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 30 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 29 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:00","moonsetLocal":"08:34","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:48","end":"17:29","startHours":15.801479516289632,"endHours":17.489443002131104,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:03","end":"10:44","startHours":9.049625572923743,"endHours":10.737589058765217,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:26","end":"14:07","startHours":12.425552544606688,"endHours":14.11351603044816,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:49","end":"09:16","startHours":8.824563774811548,"endHours":9.27468737103594,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:14","end":"06:36","startHours":6.236353096521289,"endHours":6.596451973500804,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:53","startHours":11.975428948382294,"endHours":12.875676140831079,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:52","end":"04:46","startHours":3.873204216343228,"endHours":4.773451408792013,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:33","end":"05:40","startHours":4.548389610679816,"endHours":5.673698601240798,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:35","startHours":14.67617052572865,"endHours":15.576417718177437,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:59","end":"19:23","startHours":18.977406487972576,"endHours":19.377406487972575,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:11","end":"19:44","startHours":19.177406487972576,"endHours":19.740060983253066,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:56","end":"20:41","startHours":18.927406487972576,"endHours":20.677406487972576,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:53","startHours":23.975428948382294,"endHours":24.875676140831082,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:40","end":"07:22","startHours":5.673698601240798,"endHours":7.361662087082271,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:22","end":"09:03","startHours":7.361662087082271,"endHours":9.049625572923743,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:03","end":"10:44","startHours":9.049625572923743,"endHours":10.737589058765217,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:44","end":"12:26","startHours":10.737589058765217,"endHours":12.425552544606688,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:26","end":"14:07","startHours":12.425552544606688,"endHours":14.11351603044816,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:07","end":"15:48","startHours":14.11351603044816,"endHours":15.801479516289632,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:48","end":"17:29","startHours":15.801479516289632,"endHours":17.489443002131104,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:29","end":"19:11","startHours":17.489443002131104,"endHours":19.177406487972576,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:11","end":"20:29","startHours":19.177406487972576,"endHours":20.489443002131104,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:29","end":"21:48","startHours":20.489443002131104,"endHours":21.801479516289632,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:48","end":"23:07","startHours":21.801479516289632,"endHours":23.11351603044816,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:07","end":"00:26","startHours":23.11351603044816,"endHours":24.42555254460669,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:26","end":"01:44","startHours":24.42555254460669,"endHours":25.737589058765217,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:44","end":"03:03","startHours":25.737589058765217,"endHours":27.04962557292374,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:03","end":"04:22","startHours":27.04962557292374,"endHours":28.36166208708227,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:22","end":"05:40","startHours":28.36166208708227,"endHours":29.673698601240798,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":5.673698601240798,"endHours":6.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.673698601240798,"endHours":7.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.673698601240798,"endHours":8.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.673698601240798,"endHours":9.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.673698601240798,"endHours":10.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.673698601240798,"endHours":11.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.673698601240798,"endHours":12.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.673698601240798,"endHours":13.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.673698601240798,"endHours":14.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.673698601240798,"endHours":15.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.673698601240798,"endHours":16.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.673698601240798,"endHours":17.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.673698601240798,"endHours":18.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.673698601240798,"endHours":19.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.673698601240798,"endHours":20.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.673698601240798,"endHours":21.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.673698601240798,"endHours":22.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.673698601240798,"endHours":23.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.673698601240798,"endHours":24.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.673698601240798,"endHours":25.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.673698601240798,"endHours":26.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.673698601240798,"endHours":27.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.673698601240798,"endHours":28.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":28.673698601240798,"endHours":29.673698601240798,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.852156216810567,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.5315}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2105,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","saka_samvat":1970,"saka_samvatsara":"Vibhava","bengali_samvat":1455,"malayalam_era":1224,"nanakshahi_year":579,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2105 Vṛṣa · Śaka 1970 Vibhava"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vrindavan"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2048 CE · Vṛndāvana · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2048 CE for Vṛndāvana: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 05:40, sūryāsta 19:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2048-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2048-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2048-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2048-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2048-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-04T10:43:47.978Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-04T10:43:47.978Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-04T10:43:47.978Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}