{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vrindavan:2028-12-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2028-12-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-12-16","date_display":"December 16, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462121.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873656.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":239.8973,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":241.0146,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":1.1173,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1173},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":241.0146,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.0146},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":120.912},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462121.770833,"ahargana":1873656.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2575,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.34230000000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":239.70640000000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.8043},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":152.91240000000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":254.14689999999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":178.51139999999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":216.46339999999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":10.506899999999973,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":264.6741,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":84.6741,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462121.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873656.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":239.8973,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":241.0146,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":1.1173,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1173},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":241.0146,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.0146},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":120.912},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.804,"elongation":1.117},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.804,"opposition_distance":178.883}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:03","sunsetLocal":"17:28","solarNoonLocal":"12:16","dayLengthHours":10.405263346051214,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 24 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 35 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:02","moonsetLocal":"17:24","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:40","end":"10:58","startHours":9.659448883034322,"endHours":10.960106801290724,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:34","end":"14:52","startHours":13.561422637803528,"endHours":14.86208055605993,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:03","end":"08:22","startHours":7.058133046521518,"endHours":8.35879096477792,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:29","end":"09:50","startHours":9.4860278272668,"endHours":9.832869938801842,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:30","end":"07:46","startHours":7.491685685940318,"endHours":7.769159375168351,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:36","startHours":11.913922608012085,"endHours":12.607606831082167,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:40","end":"06:22","startHours":5.670764600381356,"endHours":6.364448823451437,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:11","end":"07:03","startHours":6.1910277676839165,"endHours":7.058133046521518,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:00","end":"14:41","startHours":13.994975277222327,"endHours":14.688659500292408,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:16","end":"17:40","startHours":17.263396392572734,"endHours":17.663396392572732,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:28","end":"17:54","startHours":17.463396392572733,"endHours":17.896949031991532,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:13","end":"18:58","startHours":17.213396392572733,"endHours":18.963396392572733,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:55","end":"00:36","startHours":23.913922608012086,"endHours":24.607606831082165,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:03","end":"08:22","startHours":7.058133046521518,"endHours":8.35879096477792,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:22","end":"09:40","startHours":8.35879096477792,"endHours":9.659448883034322,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:40","end":"10:58","startHours":9.659448883034322,"endHours":10.960106801290724,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:58","end":"12:16","startHours":10.960106801290724,"endHours":12.260764719547126,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:16","end":"13:34","startHours":12.260764719547126,"endHours":13.561422637803528,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:34","end":"14:52","startHours":13.561422637803528,"endHours":14.86208055605993,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:52","end":"16:10","startHours":14.86208055605993,"endHours":16.16273847431633,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:10","end":"17:28","startHours":16.16273847431633,"endHours":17.463396392572733,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:28","end":"19:10","startHours":17.463396392572733,"endHours":19.16273847431633,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:10","end":"20:52","startHours":19.16273847431633,"endHours":20.86208055605993,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:52","end":"22:34","startHours":20.86208055605993,"endHours":22.561422637803528,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:34","end":"00:16","startHours":22.561422637803528,"endHours":24.260764719547126,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:16","end":"01:58","startHours":24.260764719547126,"endHours":25.960106801290724,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:58","end":"03:40","startHours":25.960106801290724,"endHours":27.659448883034322,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:40","end":"05:22","startHours":27.659448883034322,"endHours":29.35879096477792,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:22","end":"07:03","startHours":29.35879096477792,"endHours":31.05813304652152,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:03","end":"08:03","startHours":7.058133046521518,"endHours":8.058133046521519,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:03","end":"09:03","startHours":8.058133046521519,"endHours":9.058133046521519,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:03","end":"10:03","startHours":9.058133046521519,"endHours":10.058133046521519,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:03","end":"11:03","startHours":10.058133046521519,"endHours":11.058133046521519,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:03","end":"12:03","startHours":11.058133046521519,"endHours":12.058133046521519,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:03","end":"13:03","startHours":12.058133046521519,"endHours":13.058133046521519,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:03","end":"14:03","startHours":13.058133046521519,"endHours":14.058133046521519,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:03","end":"15:03","startHours":14.058133046521519,"endHours":15.058133046521519,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:03","end":"16:03","startHours":15.058133046521519,"endHours":16.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:03","end":"17:03","startHours":16.05813304652152,"endHours":17.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:03","end":"18:03","startHours":17.05813304652152,"endHours":18.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:03","end":"19:03","startHours":18.05813304652152,"endHours":19.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:03","end":"20:03","startHours":19.05813304652152,"endHours":20.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:03","end":"21:03","startHours":20.05813304652152,"endHours":21.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:03","end":"22:03","startHours":21.05813304652152,"endHours":22.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:03","end":"23:03","startHours":22.05813304652152,"endHours":23.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:03","end":"00:03","startHours":23.05813304652152,"endHours":24.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:03","end":"01:03","startHours":24.05813304652152,"endHours":25.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:03","end":"02:03","startHours":25.05813304652152,"endHours":26.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:03","end":"03:03","startHours":26.05813304652152,"endHours":27.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:03","end":"04:03","startHours":27.05813304652152,"endHours":28.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:03","end":"05:03","startHours":28.05813304652152,"endHours":29.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:03","end":"06:03","startHours":29.05813304652152,"endHours":30.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:03","end":"07:03","startHours":30.05813304652152,"endHours":31.05813304652152,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.326308246799957,"eotMinutes":3.716916827172506,"ayanamsa":24.2575}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vrindavan"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 16, 2028 CE · Vṛndāvana · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 16, 2028 CE for Vṛndāvana: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 07:03, sūryāsta 17:28.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2028-12-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2028-12-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2028-12-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2028-12-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2028-12-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:34:22.340Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:34:22.340Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:34:22.340Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}