{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vrindavan:2023-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460004.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871539.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.1073,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.6408,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":106.5336,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.5336},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.6408,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3075},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":18.7481},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460004.770833,"ahargana":1871539.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1766,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.00948500000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":64.93928499999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.2244},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":54.661085000000014,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":302.326185,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":347.724485,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":346.193385,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":305.130585,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":16.843,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":196.843,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460004.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871539.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.1073,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.6408,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":106.5336,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.5336},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.6408,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3075},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":18.7481},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.224,"elongation":106.534},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.224,"opposition_distance":73.466}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:45","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:32","dayLengthHours":11.5836435880887,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 35 Mins 01 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 24 Mins 59 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:53","moonsetLocal":"02:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:32","end":"13:59","startHours":12.540099002618579,"endHours":13.988054451129665,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:12","end":"09:39","startHours":8.196232657085316,"endHours":9.644188105596402,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:06","end":"12:32","startHours":11.09214355410749,"endHours":12.540099002618579,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:27","end":"09:50","startHours":9.451127379128259,"endHours":9.837248832064548,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:14","end":"07:32","startHours":7.23092902474459,"endHours":7.539826187093622,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:56","startHours":12.153977549682288,"endHours":12.92622045555487,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:12","end":"05:59","startHours":5.203791396829068,"endHours":5.976034302701648,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:47","end":"06:45","startHours":5.782973576233503,"endHours":6.748277208574228,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:15","startHours":14.470706267300027,"endHours":15.242949173172608,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.13192079666293,"endHours":18.531920796662927,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:49","startHours":18.331920796662928,"endHours":18.81457261283329,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.081920796662928,"endHours":19.831920796662928,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:56","startHours":24.15397754968229,"endHours":24.92622045555487,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:45","end":"08:12","startHours":6.748277208574228,"endHours":8.196232657085316,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:12","end":"09:39","startHours":8.196232657085316,"endHours":9.644188105596402,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:39","end":"11:06","startHours":9.644188105596402,"endHours":11.09214355410749,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:06","end":"12:32","startHours":11.09214355410749,"endHours":12.540099002618579,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:32","end":"13:59","startHours":12.540099002618579,"endHours":13.988054451129665,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:59","end":"15:26","startHours":13.988054451129665,"endHours":15.436009899640753,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:26","end":"16:53","startHours":15.436009899640753,"endHours":16.88396534815184,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:53","end":"18:20","startHours":16.88396534815184,"endHours":18.331920796662928,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:20","end":"19:53","startHours":18.331920796662928,"endHours":19.88396534815184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:53","end":"21:26","startHours":19.88396534815184,"endHours":21.43600989964075,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:26","end":"22:59","startHours":21.43600989964075,"endHours":22.988054451129663,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:59","end":"00:32","startHours":22.988054451129663,"endHours":24.54009900261858,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:32","end":"02:06","startHours":24.54009900261858,"endHours":26.09214355410749,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:06","end":"03:39","startHours":26.09214355410749,"endHours":27.644188105596402,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:39","end":"05:12","startHours":27.644188105596402,"endHours":29.196232657085318,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:12","end":"06:45","startHours":29.196232657085318,"endHours":30.74827720857423,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:45","end":"07:45","startHours":6.748277208574228,"endHours":7.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:45","end":"08:45","startHours":7.748277208574228,"endHours":8.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:45","end":"09:45","startHours":8.748277208574228,"endHours":9.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:45","end":"10:45","startHours":9.748277208574228,"endHours":10.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:45","end":"11:45","startHours":10.748277208574228,"endHours":11.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:45","end":"12:45","startHours":11.748277208574228,"endHours":12.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:45","end":"13:45","startHours":12.748277208574228,"endHours":13.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:45","end":"14:45","startHours":13.748277208574228,"endHours":14.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:45","end":"15:45","startHours":14.748277208574228,"endHours":15.748277208574228,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:45","end":"16:45","startHours":15.748277208574228,"endHours":16.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:45","end":"17:45","startHours":16.74827720857423,"endHours":17.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:45","end":"18:45","startHours":17.74827720857423,"endHours":18.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:45","end":"19:45","startHours":18.74827720857423,"endHours":19.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:45","end":"20:45","startHours":19.74827720857423,"endHours":20.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:45","end":"21:45","startHours":20.74827720857423,"endHours":21.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:45","end":"22:45","startHours":21.74827720857423,"endHours":22.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:45","end":"23:45","startHours":22.74827720857423,"endHours":23.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:45","end":"00:45","startHours":23.74827720857423,"endHours":24.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:45","end":"01:45","startHours":24.74827720857423,"endHours":25.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:45","end":"02:45","startHours":25.74827720857423,"endHours":26.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:45","end":"03:45","startHours":26.74827720857423,"endHours":27.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:45","end":"04:45","startHours":27.74827720857423,"endHours":28.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:45","end":"05:45","startHours":28.74827720857423,"endHours":29.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:45","end":"06:45","startHours":29.74827720857423,"endHours":30.74827720857423,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.748092751046721,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":24.1766}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vrindavan"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 2023 CE · Vṛndāvana · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 2023 CE for Vṛndāvana: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:45, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:12:38.800Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:12:38.800Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:12:38.800Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}