{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vrindavan:2023-01-12:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-12","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-01-12","date_display":"January 12, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459956.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871491.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":267.1836,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":146.3133,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.1297,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.1297},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":146.3133,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.98},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":53.4969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459956.770833,"ahargana":1871491.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1747,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":267.37871900000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.72621900000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.596},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":43.664619000000016,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":256.812419,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":338.518419,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":286.732619,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":299.475719,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":19.3862,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":199.3862,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459956.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871491.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":267.1836,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":146.3133,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.1297,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.1297},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":146.3133,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.98},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":53.4969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.596,"elongation":120.87},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.596,"opposition_distance":59.13}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:11","sunsetLocal":"17:44","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":10.538114232674179,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 32 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 27 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:56","moonsetLocal":"10:22","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:47","end":"15:06","startHours":13.777735656357237,"endHours":15.09499993544151,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:11","end":"08:31","startHours":7.191414260935876,"endHours":8.50867854002015,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:50","end":"11:09","startHours":9.825942819104421,"endHours":11.143207098188693,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:39","end":"10:00","startHours":9.650307581893184,"endHours":10.001578056315658,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:38","end":"07:55","startHours":7.630502353963967,"endHours":7.9115187335019455,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:49","startHours":12.109200902850493,"endHours":12.811741851695437,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:47","end":"06:29","startHours":5.786332363245986,"endHours":6.488873312090931,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:19","end":"07:11","startHours":6.313238074879695,"endHours":7.191414260935876,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"14:55","startHours":14.216823749385329,"endHours":14.919364698230273,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:32","end":"17:56","startHours":17.529528493610055,"endHours":17.929528493610054,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:44","end":"18:10","startHours":17.729528493610054,"endHours":18.168616586638144,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:14","startHours":17.479528493610054,"endHours":19.229528493610054,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:49","startHours":24.109200902850493,"endHours":24.81174185169544,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:11","end":"08:31","startHours":7.191414260935876,"endHours":8.50867854002015,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:31","end":"09:50","startHours":8.50867854002015,"endHours":9.825942819104421,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:50","end":"11:09","startHours":9.825942819104421,"endHours":11.143207098188693,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:09","end":"12:28","startHours":11.143207098188693,"endHours":12.460471377272967,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:28","end":"13:47","startHours":12.460471377272967,"endHours":13.777735656357237,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:47","end":"15:06","startHours":13.777735656357237,"endHours":15.09499993544151,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:06","end":"16:25","startHours":15.09499993544151,"endHours":16.412264214525784,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:25","end":"17:44","startHours":16.412264214525784,"endHours":17.729528493610054,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:44","end":"19:25","startHours":17.729528493610054,"endHours":19.41226421452578,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:25","end":"21:06","startHours":19.41226421452578,"endHours":21.09499993544151,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:06","end":"22:47","startHours":21.09499993544151,"endHours":22.777735656357237,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:47","end":"00:28","startHours":22.777735656357237,"endHours":24.460471377272967,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:28","end":"02:09","startHours":24.460471377272967,"endHours":26.143207098188693,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:09","end":"03:50","startHours":26.143207098188693,"endHours":27.82594281910442,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:50","end":"05:31","startHours":27.82594281910442,"endHours":29.50867854002015,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:31","end":"07:11","startHours":29.50867854002015,"endHours":31.191414260935876,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.191414260935876,"endHours":8.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.191414260935876,"endHours":9.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.191414260935876,"endHours":10.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.191414260935876,"endHours":11.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.191414260935876,"endHours":12.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.191414260935876,"endHours":13.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.191414260935876,"endHours":14.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.191414260935876,"endHours":15.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.191414260935876,"endHours":16.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.191414260935876,"endHours":17.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.191414260935876,"endHours":18.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.191414260935876,"endHours":19.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.191414260935876,"endHours":20.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.191414260935876,"endHours":21.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.191414260935876,"endHours":22.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.191414260935876,"endHours":23.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.191414260935876,"endHours":24.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.191414260935876,"endHours":25.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.191414260935876,"endHours":26.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.191414260935876,"endHours":27.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.191414260935876,"endHours":28.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.191414260935876,"endHours":29.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.191414260935876,"endHours":30.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":30.191414260935876,"endHours":31.191414260935876,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-21.71075769653733,"eotMinutes":-8.265482636377905,"ayanamsa":24.1747}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vrindavan"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 12, 2023 CE · Vṛndāvana · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 12, 2023 CE for Vṛndāvana: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:11, sūryāsta 17:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-12","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-12","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-12","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-12","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-12"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:10:34.056Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:10:34.056Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T07:10:34.056Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}