{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vrindavan:2023-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.8765,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.0095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.133,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.133},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.0095,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0095},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":262.8859},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1743,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.16873899999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":9.92503899999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.0082},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":44.586839,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":269.262739,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":337.034139,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":272.96583899999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":298.32683900000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":19.9691,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":199.9691,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459945.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871480.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.8765,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.0095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.133,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.133},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.0095,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0095},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":262.8859},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.008,"elongation":111.133},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.008,"opposition_distance":68.867}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"07:10","sunsetLocal":"17:36","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.42960077784931,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 25 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 34 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:28","moonsetLocal":"02:28","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:18","end":"17:36","startHours":16.295566597083425,"endHours":17.59926669431459,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.384466305389935,"endHours":13.688166402621098,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:00","end":"16:18","startHours":14.99186649985226,"endHours":16.295566597083425,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:36","end":"09:57","startHours":9.603239431296785,"endHours":9.950892790558429,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:36","end":"07:53","startHours":7.604232615542334,"endHours":7.882355302951649,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:44","startHours":12.036812946128292,"endHours":12.732119664651579,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:47","end":"06:28","startHours":5.779052479418706,"endHours":6.474359197941992,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:18","end":"07:10","startHours":6.3005325183111704,"endHours":7.16966591646528,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:49","startHours":14.122733101698152,"endHours":14.81803982022144,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:24","end":"17:48","startHours":17.39926669431459,"endHours":17.79926669431459,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:36","end":"18:02","startHours":17.59926669431459,"endHours":18.033833393391646,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:21","end":"19:06","startHours":17.34926669431459,"endHours":19.09926669431459,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:44","startHours":24.036812946128293,"endHours":24.732119664651577,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:10","end":"08:28","startHours":7.16966591646528,"endHours":8.473366013696443,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:28","end":"09:47","startHours":8.473366013696443,"endHours":9.777066110927606,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:47","end":"11:05","startHours":9.777066110927606,"endHours":11.08076620815877,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.08076620815877,"endHours":12.384466305389935,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.384466305389935,"endHours":13.688166402621098,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:41","end":"15:00","startHours":13.688166402621098,"endHours":14.99186649985226,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:00","end":"16:18","startHours":14.99186649985226,"endHours":16.295566597083425,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:18","end":"17:36","startHours":16.295566597083425,"endHours":17.59926669431459,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:36","end":"19:18","startHours":17.59926669431459,"endHours":19.295566597083425,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:18","end":"21:00","startHours":19.295566597083425,"endHours":20.991866499852264,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:00","end":"22:41","startHours":20.991866499852264,"endHours":22.6881664026211,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:41","end":"00:23","startHours":22.6881664026211,"endHours":24.384466305389935,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:23","end":"02:05","startHours":24.384466305389935,"endHours":26.08076620815877,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:05","end":"03:47","startHours":26.08076620815877,"endHours":27.777066110927606,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:47","end":"05:28","startHours":27.777066110927606,"endHours":29.473366013696445,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:28","end":"07:10","startHours":29.473366013696445,"endHours":31.16966591646528,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.16966591646528,"endHours":8.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.16966591646528,"endHours":9.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.16966591646528,"endHours":10.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.16966591646528,"endHours":11.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.16966591646528,"endHours":12.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.16966591646528,"endHours":13.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.16966591646528,"endHours":14.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.16966591646528,"endHours":15.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.16966591646528,"endHours":16.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.16966591646528,"endHours":17.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.16966591646528,"endHours":18.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.16966591646528,"endHours":19.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.16966591646528,"endHours":20.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.16966591646528,"endHours":21.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.16966591646528,"endHours":22.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.16966591646528,"endHours":23.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.16966591646528,"endHours":24.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.16966591646528,"endHours":25.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.16966591646528,"endHours":26.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.16966591646528,"endHours":27.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.16966591646528,"endHours":28.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.16966591646528,"endHours":29.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.16966591646528,"endHours":30.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":30.16966591646528,"endHours":31.16966591646528,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.0335136949757,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1743}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vrindavan"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2023 CE · Vṛndāvana · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2023 CE for Vṛndāvana: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 07:10, sūryāsta 17:36.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2023-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:45:08.825Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:45:08.825Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T19:45:08.825Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}