{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vrindavan:2013-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2013-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456382.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867917.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.5906,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":212.9056,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.315,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.315},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":212.9056,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.9056},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":199.4962},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456382.770833,"ahargana":1867917.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.038,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.452272,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.54927199999997,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.3255},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":350.286672,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":318.52087200000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":47.212872000000004,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":346.874872,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":195.92987199999993,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":208.7539,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":28.7539,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456382.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867917.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.5906,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":212.9056,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.315,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.315},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":212.9056,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.9056},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":199.4962},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.325,"elongation":133.685},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.325,"opposition_distance":46.315}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:12","sunsetLocal":"18:36","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":12.415358064669364,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 24 Mins 55 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 35 Mins 05 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:17","moonsetLocal":"08:56","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:03","end":"18:36","startHours":17.056167631185787,"endHours":18.608087389269457,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:24","end":"13:57","startHours":12.400408356934776,"endHours":13.952328115018446,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:30","end":"17:03","startHours":15.504247873102116,"endHours":17.056167631185787,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:05","end":"09:30","startHours":9.089646206356278,"endHours":9.50349147517859,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:43","end":"07:02","startHours":6.710035910627982,"endHours":7.0411121256858324,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:49","startHours":11.986563088112463,"endHours":12.814253625757088,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:32","end":"05:22","startHours":4.537348249310844,"endHours":5.365038786955468,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:09","end":"06:12","startHours":5.158116152544312,"endHours":6.1927293246000925,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:18","startHours":14.469634701046335,"endHours":15.29732523869096,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:24","end":"18:48","startHours":18.408087389269458,"endHours":18.808087389269456,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:36","end":"19:08","startHours":18.608087389269457,"endHours":19.125393975297346,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:21","end":"20:06","startHours":18.358087389269457,"endHours":20.108087389269457,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:49","startHours":23.986563088112465,"endHours":24.814253625757086,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:12","end":"07:45","startHours":6.1927293246000925,"endHours":7.744649082683763,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:45","end":"09:18","startHours":7.744649082683763,"endHours":9.296568840767433,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:18","end":"10:51","startHours":9.296568840767433,"endHours":10.848488598851105,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:51","end":"12:24","startHours":10.848488598851105,"endHours":12.400408356934776,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:24","end":"13:57","startHours":12.400408356934776,"endHours":13.952328115018446,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:57","end":"15:30","startHours":13.952328115018446,"endHours":15.504247873102116,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:30","end":"17:03","startHours":15.504247873102116,"endHours":17.056167631185787,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:03","end":"18:36","startHours":17.056167631185787,"endHours":18.608087389269457,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:36","end":"20:03","startHours":18.608087389269457,"endHours":20.056167631185787,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:03","end":"21:30","startHours":20.056167631185787,"endHours":21.504247873102116,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:30","end":"22:57","startHours":21.504247873102116,"endHours":22.952328115018446,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:57","end":"00:24","startHours":22.952328115018446,"endHours":24.400408356934776,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:24","end":"01:51","startHours":24.400408356934776,"endHours":25.848488598851105,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:51","end":"03:18","startHours":25.848488598851105,"endHours":27.296568840767435,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:18","end":"04:45","startHours":27.296568840767435,"endHours":28.744649082683765,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:45","end":"06:12","startHours":28.744649082683765,"endHours":30.192729324600094,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.1927293246000925,"endHours":7.1927293246000925,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.1927293246000925,"endHours":8.192729324600093,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.192729324600093,"endHours":9.192729324600093,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.192729324600093,"endHours":10.192729324600093,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.192729324600093,"endHours":11.192729324600093,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.192729324600093,"endHours":12.192729324600093,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.192729324600093,"endHours":13.192729324600093,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.192729324600093,"endHours":14.192729324600093,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.192729324600093,"endHours":15.192729324600093,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.192729324600093,"endHours":16.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.192729324600094,"endHours":17.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.192729324600094,"endHours":18.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.192729324600094,"endHours":19.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.192729324600094,"endHours":20.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.192729324600094,"endHours":21.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.192729324600094,"endHours":22.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.192729324600094,"endHours":23.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.192729324600094,"endHours":24.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.192729324600094,"endHours":25.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.192729324600094,"endHours":26.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.192729324600094,"endHours":27.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.192729324600094,"endHours":28.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.192729324600094,"endHours":29.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.192729324600094,"endHours":30.192729324600094,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":4.15268483478903,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":24.038}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vrindavan"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 2013 CE · Vṛndāvana · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 2013 CE for Vṛndāvana: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:12, sūryāsta 18:36.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2013-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2013-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2013-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2013-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2013-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T18:22:35.957Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T18:22:35.957Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T18:22:35.957Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}