{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vrindavan:2001-02-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2001-02-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-02-28","date_display":"February 28, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451968.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863503.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.7977,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":11.7208,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":55.9231,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9231},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":11.7208,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.7208},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.5186},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451968.770833,"ahargana":1863503.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8692,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.65001900000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":8.706818999999996,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.252},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":222.81931899999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":291.83341900000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":39.134319000000005,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":352.357219,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":31.179018999999982,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":82.6289,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":262.6289,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451968.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863503.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.7977,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":11.7208,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":55.9231,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9231},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":11.7208,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.7208},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.5186},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.252,"elongation":55.923},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.252,"opposition_distance":124.077}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vrindavan","name":"Vṛndāvana","lat":27.565,"lon":77.6593,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:46","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:33","dayLengthHours":11.56586222795968,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 33 Mins 57 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 26 Mins 03 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:36","moonsetLocal":"22:34","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:33","end":"13:59","startHours":12.54309764710046,"endHours":13.98883042559542,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:12","end":"09:39","startHours":8.205899311615578,"endHours":9.651632090110539,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:06","end":"12:33","startHours":11.0973648686055,"endHours":12.54309764710046,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:28","end":"09:51","startHours":9.458867719644545,"endHours":9.844396460576533,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:15","end":"07:33","startHours":7.242077459285605,"endHours":7.550500452031197,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:56","startHours":12.15756890616847,"endHours":12.928626388032447,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:13","end":"05:59","startHours":5.218051569392661,"endHours":5.98910905125664,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:48","end":"06:46","startHours":5.796344680790646,"endHours":6.760166533120619,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:15","startHours":14.470741351760406,"endHours":15.241798833624385,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.1260287610803,"endHours":18.526028761080298,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:48","startHours":18.3260287610803,"endHours":18.807939687245284,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.0760287610803,"endHours":19.8260287610803,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:56","startHours":24.15756890616847,"endHours":24.92862638803245,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:46","end":"08:12","startHours":6.760166533120619,"endHours":8.205899311615578,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:12","end":"09:39","startHours":8.205899311615578,"endHours":9.651632090110539,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:39","end":"11:06","startHours":9.651632090110539,"endHours":11.0973648686055,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:06","end":"12:33","startHours":11.0973648686055,"endHours":12.54309764710046,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:33","end":"13:59","startHours":12.54309764710046,"endHours":13.98883042559542,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:59","end":"15:26","startHours":13.98883042559542,"endHours":15.434563204090377,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:26","end":"16:53","startHours":15.434563204090377,"endHours":16.880295982585338,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:53","end":"18:20","startHours":16.880295982585338,"endHours":18.3260287610803,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:20","end":"19:53","startHours":18.3260287610803,"endHours":19.880295982585338,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:53","end":"21:26","startHours":19.880295982585338,"endHours":21.434563204090377,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:26","end":"22:59","startHours":21.434563204090377,"endHours":22.988830425595417,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:59","end":"00:33","startHours":22.988830425595417,"endHours":24.54309764710046,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:33","end":"02:06","startHours":24.54309764710046,"endHours":26.097364868605496,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:06","end":"03:39","startHours":26.097364868605496,"endHours":27.65163209011054,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:39","end":"05:12","startHours":27.65163209011054,"endHours":29.20589931161558,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:12","end":"06:46","startHours":29.20589931161558,"endHours":30.760166533120618,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:46","end":"07:46","startHours":6.760166533120619,"endHours":7.760166533120619,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:46","end":"08:46","startHours":7.760166533120619,"endHours":8.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:46","end":"09:46","startHours":8.760166533120618,"endHours":9.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:46","end":"10:46","startHours":9.760166533120618,"endHours":10.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:46","end":"11:46","startHours":10.760166533120618,"endHours":11.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:46","end":"12:46","startHours":11.760166533120618,"endHours":12.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:46","end":"13:46","startHours":12.760166533120618,"endHours":13.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:46","end":"14:46","startHours":13.760166533120618,"endHours":14.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:46","end":"15:46","startHours":14.760166533120618,"endHours":15.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:46","end":"16:46","startHours":15.760166533120618,"endHours":16.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:46","end":"17:46","startHours":16.760166533120618,"endHours":17.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:46","end":"18:46","startHours":17.760166533120618,"endHours":18.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:46","end":"19:46","startHours":18.760166533120618,"endHours":19.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:46","end":"20:46","startHours":19.760166533120618,"endHours":20.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:46","end":"21:46","startHours":20.760166533120618,"endHours":21.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:46","end":"22:46","startHours":21.760166533120618,"endHours":22.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:46","end":"23:46","startHours":22.760166533120618,"endHours":23.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:46","end":"00:46","startHours":23.760166533120618,"endHours":24.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:46","end":"01:46","startHours":24.760166533120618,"endHours":25.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:46","end":"02:46","startHours":25.760166533120618,"endHours":26.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:46","end":"03:46","startHours":26.760166533120618,"endHours":27.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:46","end":"04:46","startHours":27.760166533120618,"endHours":28.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:46","end":"05:46","startHours":28.760166533120618,"endHours":29.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:46","end":"06:46","startHours":29.760166533120618,"endHours":30.760166533120618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.999465981986321,"eotMinutes":-13.223058826027486,"ayanamsa":23.8692}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vrindavan"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 28, 2001 CE · Vṛndāvana · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 28, 2001 CE for Vṛndāvana: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:46, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2001-02-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2001-02-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2001-02-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2001-02-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vrindavan/2001-02-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T12:59:18.502Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T12:59:18.502Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T12:59:18.502Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}