{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vellore:2016-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457600.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869135.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.6227,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":68.793,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.1703,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1703},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":68.793,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1263},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":172.4157},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457600.770833,"ahargana":1869135.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0846,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.19363499999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":68.14103499999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3549},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":214.79213500000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":126.11433499999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":147.203735,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":118.83203500000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":225.647735,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":144.2184,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":324.2184,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457600.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869135.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.6227,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":68.793,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.1703,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1703},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":68.793,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1263},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":172.4157},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.355,"elongation":34.83},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.355,"opposition_distance":145.17}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"vellore","name":"Vellore, Tamil Nadu","lat":12.9165,"lon":79.1325,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vellore","name":"Vellore, Tamil Nadu","lat":12.9165,"lon":79.1325,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:59","sunsetLocal":"18:40","solarNoonLocal":"12:20","dayLengthHours":12.696703891792563,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 48 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 12 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:30","moonsetLocal":"16:21","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:05","end":"18:40","startHours":17.08695353462806,"endHours":18.67404152110213,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:20","end":"13:55","startHours":12.325689575205846,"endHours":13.912777561679917,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:30","end":"17:05","startHours":15.499865548153988,"endHours":17.08695353462806,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:56","end":"09:22","startHours":8.93990187072783,"endHours":9.363125333787583,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:30","end":"06:51","startHours":6.506366958134256,"endHours":6.844945728582058,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:45","startHours":11.902466112146096,"endHours":12.7489130382656,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:17","end":"05:08","startHours":4.284443777070557,"endHours":5.130890703190062,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:55","end":"05:59","startHours":4.9192789716601855,"endHours":5.977337629309566,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:27","end":"15:17","startHours":14.441806890504608,"endHours":15.288253816624113,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:28","end":"18:52","startHours":18.47404152110213,"endHours":18.87404152110213,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:40","end":"19:12","startHours":18.67404152110213,"endHours":19.20307084992682,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:25","end":"20:10","startHours":18.42404152110213,"endHours":20.17404152110213,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:45","startHours":23.902466112146097,"endHours":24.748913038265602,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:59","end":"07:34","startHours":5.977337629309566,"endHours":7.564425615783636,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:34","end":"09:09","startHours":7.564425615783636,"endHours":9.151513602257706,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:09","end":"10:44","startHours":9.151513602257706,"endHours":10.738601588731775,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:44","end":"12:20","startHours":10.738601588731775,"endHours":12.325689575205846,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:20","end":"13:55","startHours":12.325689575205846,"endHours":13.912777561679917,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:55","end":"15:30","startHours":13.912777561679917,"endHours":15.499865548153988,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:30","end":"17:05","startHours":15.499865548153988,"endHours":17.08695353462806,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:05","end":"18:40","startHours":17.08695353462806,"endHours":18.67404152110213,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:40","end":"20:05","startHours":18.67404152110213,"endHours":20.08695353462806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:05","end":"21:30","startHours":20.08695353462806,"endHours":21.499865548153988,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:30","end":"22:55","startHours":21.499865548153988,"endHours":22.912777561679917,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:55","end":"00:20","startHours":22.912777561679917,"endHours":24.32568957520585,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:20","end":"01:44","startHours":24.32568957520585,"endHours":25.738601588731775,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:44","end":"03:09","startHours":25.738601588731775,"endHours":27.151513602257708,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:09","end":"04:34","startHours":27.151513602257708,"endHours":28.564425615783637,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:34","end":"05:59","startHours":28.564425615783637,"endHours":29.977337629309567,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.977337629309566,"endHours":6.977337629309566,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.977337629309566,"endHours":7.977337629309566,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.977337629309566,"endHours":8.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.977337629309567,"endHours":9.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.977337629309567,"endHours":10.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.977337629309567,"endHours":11.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.977337629309567,"endHours":12.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.977337629309567,"endHours":13.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.977337629309567,"endHours":14.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.977337629309567,"endHours":15.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.977337629309567,"endHours":16.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.977337629309567,"endHours":17.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.977337629309567,"endHours":18.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.977337629309567,"endHours":19.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.977337629309567,"endHours":20.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.977337629309567,"endHours":21.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.977337629309567,"endHours":22.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.977337629309567,"endHours":23.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.977337629309567,"endHours":24.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.977337629309567,"endHours":25.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.977337629309567,"endHours":26.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.977337629309567,"endHours":27.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.977337629309567,"endHours":28.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.977337629309567,"endHours":29.977337629309567,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.193349811084612,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.0846}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vellore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2016 CE · Vellore, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2016 CE for Vellore, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:59, sūryāsta 18:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T16:50:56.397Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T16:50:56.397Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T16:50:56.397Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}