{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:vellore:2016-07-24:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-24","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-07-24","date_display":"July 24, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457593.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869128.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.9759,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.2718,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":231.296,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.296},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.2718,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.2718},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":65.2477},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457593.770833,"ahargana":1869128.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0843,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":97.50390299999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":329.079703,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.2887},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":212.53020300000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":114.62840299999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":145.955103,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":110.23100299999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":225.83440300000007,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":144.5893,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":324.5893,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457593.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869128.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.9759,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.2718,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":231.296,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.296},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.2718,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.2718},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":65.2477},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.289,"elongation":128.704},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.289,"opposition_distance":51.296}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"vellore","name":"Vellore, Tamil Nadu","lat":12.9165,"lon":79.1325,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"vellore","name":"Vellore, Tamil Nadu","lat":12.9165,"lon":79.1325,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Tamil Nadu","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:57","sunsetLocal":"18:42","solarNoonLocal":"12:20","dayLengthHours":12.753215594509669,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 45 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 14 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:46","moonsetLocal":"09:46","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:07","end":"18:42","startHours":17.109625347793102,"endHours":18.70377729710681,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:20","end":"13:55","startHours":12.327169499851976,"endHours":13.921321449165685,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:31","end":"17:07","startHours":15.515473398479394,"endHours":17.109625347793102,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:56","end":"09:21","startHours":8.926312007982732,"endHours":9.351419194466388,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:29","end":"06:49","startHours":6.481945685701712,"endHours":6.822031434888636,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:45","startHours":11.90206231336832,"endHours":12.752276686335632,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:15","end":"05:06","startHours":4.2501329566625206,"endHours":5.100347329629831,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:53","end":"05:57","startHours":4.887793736388003,"endHours":5.950561702597143,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:27","end":"15:18","startHours":14.452705432270257,"endHours":15.302919805237568,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:30","end":"18:54","startHours":18.50377729710681,"endHours":18.90377729710681,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:42","end":"19:14","startHours":18.70377729710681,"endHours":19.23516128021138,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:27","end":"20:12","startHours":18.45377729710681,"endHours":20.20377729710681,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:45","startHours":23.902062313368322,"endHours":24.75227668633563,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:57","end":"07:33","startHours":5.950561702597143,"endHours":7.544713651910851,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:33","end":"09:08","startHours":7.544713651910851,"endHours":9.138865601224559,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:08","end":"10:44","startHours":9.138865601224559,"endHours":10.733017550538268,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:44","end":"12:20","startHours":10.733017550538268,"endHours":12.327169499851976,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:20","end":"13:55","startHours":12.327169499851976,"endHours":13.921321449165685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:55","end":"15:31","startHours":13.921321449165685,"endHours":15.515473398479394,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:31","end":"17:07","startHours":15.515473398479394,"endHours":17.109625347793102,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:07","end":"18:42","startHours":17.109625347793102,"endHours":18.70377729710681,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:42","end":"20:07","startHours":18.70377729710681,"endHours":20.109625347793102,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:07","end":"21:31","startHours":20.109625347793102,"endHours":21.515473398479394,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:31","end":"22:55","startHours":21.515473398479394,"endHours":22.921321449165685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:55","end":"00:20","startHours":22.921321449165685,"endHours":24.327169499851976,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:20","end":"01:44","startHours":24.327169499851976,"endHours":25.733017550538268,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:44","end":"03:08","startHours":25.733017550538268,"endHours":27.13886560122456,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:08","end":"04:33","startHours":27.13886560122456,"endHours":28.54471365191085,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:33","end":"05:57","startHours":28.54471365191085,"endHours":29.950561702597142,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":5.950561702597143,"endHours":6.950561702597143,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.950561702597143,"endHours":7.950561702597143,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.950561702597143,"endHours":8.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.950561702597142,"endHours":9.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.950561702597142,"endHours":10.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.950561702597142,"endHours":11.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.950561702597142,"endHours":12.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.950561702597142,"endHours":13.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.950561702597142,"endHours":14.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.950561702597142,"endHours":15.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.950561702597142,"endHours":16.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.950561702597142,"endHours":17.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.950561702597142,"endHours":18.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.950561702597142,"endHours":19.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.950561702597142,"endHours":20.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.950561702597142,"endHours":21.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.950561702597142,"endHours":22.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.950561702597142,"endHours":23.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.950561702597142,"endHours":24.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.950561702597142,"endHours":25.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.950561702597142,"endHours":26.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.950561702597142,"endHours":27.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.950561702597142,"endHours":28.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.950561702597142,"endHours":29.950561702597142,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.803923719600345,"eotMinutes":-6.160169991118456,"ayanamsa":24.0843}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"vellore"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 24, 2016 CE · Vellore, Tamil Nadu · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 24, 2016 CE for Vellore, Tamil Nadu: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:57, sūryāsta 18:42.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-24","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-24","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-24","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-24","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/vellore/2016-07-24"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T19:09:16.821Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T19:09:16.821Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T19:09:16.821Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}