{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:2016-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2016-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457418.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868953.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.471,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":186.6777,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":260.2066,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2066},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":186.6777,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.011},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":113.1487},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457418.770833,"ahargana":1868953.2708,"kali_year":5117,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0776,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.502889,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":184.44698900000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.437},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":200.168089,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":262.068889,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":147.60908900000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":254.53598899999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":229.75108899999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":153.8617,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":333.8617,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457418.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868953.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.471,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":186.6777,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":260.2066,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2066},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":186.6777,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.011},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":113.1487},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.437,"elongation":99.793},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.437,"opposition_distance":80.207}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:42","sunsetLocal":"17:41","solarNoonLocal":"12:12","dayLengthHours":10.980659435616111,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 58 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 01 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:42","moonsetLocal":"11:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:19","end":"17:41","startHours":16.311647097386743,"endHours":17.684229526838756,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:12","end":"13:34","startHours":12.1938998090307,"endHours":13.566482238482713,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:56","end":"16:19","startHours":14.939064667934726,"endHours":16.311647097386743,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:38","startHours":9.26572395953307,"endHours":9.631745940720274,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:10","end":"07:27","startHours":7.161097567706649,"endHours":7.453915152656411,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:34","startHours":11.827877827843496,"endHours":12.559921790217905,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:14","end":"05:58","startHours":5.239482166473829,"endHours":5.971526128848236,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:47","end":"06:42","startHours":5.788515138254635,"endHours":6.703570091222644,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:01","end":"14:45","startHours":14.024009714966716,"endHours":14.756053677341123,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:29","end":"17:53","startHours":17.484229526838757,"endHours":17.884229526838755,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:41","end":"18:09","startHours":17.684229526838756,"endHours":18.14175700332276,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:26","end":"19:11","startHours":17.434229526838756,"endHours":19.184229526838756,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:34","startHours":23.827877827843498,"endHours":24.559921790217903,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:42","end":"08:05","startHours":6.703570091222644,"endHours":8.076152520674658,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:05","end":"09:27","startHours":8.076152520674658,"endHours":9.44873495012667,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:27","end":"10:49","startHours":9.44873495012667,"endHours":10.821317379578685,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:49","end":"12:12","startHours":10.821317379578685,"endHours":12.1938998090307,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:12","end":"13:34","startHours":12.1938998090307,"endHours":13.566482238482713,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:34","end":"14:56","startHours":13.566482238482713,"endHours":14.939064667934726,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:56","end":"16:19","startHours":14.939064667934726,"endHours":16.311647097386743,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:19","end":"17:41","startHours":16.311647097386743,"endHours":17.684229526838756,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:41","end":"19:19","startHours":17.684229526838756,"endHours":19.311647097386743,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:19","end":"20:56","startHours":19.311647097386743,"endHours":20.93906466793473,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:56","end":"22:34","startHours":20.93906466793473,"endHours":22.566482238482713,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:34","end":"00:12","startHours":22.566482238482713,"endHours":24.1938998090307,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:12","end":"01:49","startHours":24.1938998090307,"endHours":25.821317379578687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:49","end":"03:27","startHours":25.821317379578687,"endHours":27.44873495012667,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:27","end":"05:05","startHours":27.44873495012667,"endHours":29.076152520674658,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:05","end":"06:42","startHours":29.076152520674658,"endHours":30.703570091222645,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:42","end":"07:42","startHours":6.703570091222644,"endHours":7.703570091222644,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:42","end":"08:42","startHours":7.703570091222644,"endHours":8.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:42","end":"09:42","startHours":8.703570091222645,"endHours":9.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:42","end":"10:42","startHours":9.703570091222645,"endHours":10.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:42","end":"11:42","startHours":10.703570091222645,"endHours":11.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:42","end":"12:42","startHours":11.703570091222645,"endHours":12.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:42","end":"13:42","startHours":12.703570091222645,"endHours":13.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:42","end":"14:42","startHours":13.703570091222645,"endHours":14.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:42","end":"15:42","startHours":14.703570091222645,"endHours":15.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:42","end":"16:42","startHours":15.703570091222645,"endHours":16.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:42","end":"17:42","startHours":16.703570091222645,"endHours":17.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:42","end":"18:42","startHours":17.703570091222645,"endHours":18.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:42","end":"19:42","startHours":18.703570091222645,"endHours":19.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:42","end":"20:42","startHours":19.703570091222645,"endHours":20.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:42","end":"21:42","startHours":20.703570091222645,"endHours":21.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:42","end":"22:42","startHours":21.703570091222645,"endHours":22.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:42","end":"23:42","startHours":22.703570091222645,"endHours":23.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:42","end":"00:42","startHours":23.703570091222645,"endHours":24.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:42","end":"01:42","startHours":24.703570091222645,"endHours":25.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:42","end":"02:42","startHours":25.703570091222645,"endHours":26.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:42","end":"03:42","startHours":26.703570091222645,"endHours":27.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:42","end":"04:42","startHours":27.703570091222645,"endHours":28.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:42","end":"05:42","startHours":28.703570091222645,"endHours":29.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:42","end":"06:42","startHours":29.703570091222645,"endHours":30.703570091222645,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.582273300030476,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.0776}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2016 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2016 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:42, sūryāsta 17:41.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2016-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2016-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2016-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2016-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2016-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T09:35:09.422Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T09:35:09.422Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T09:35:09.422Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}