{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:2012-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2012-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2012-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2012 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456045.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867580.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.1809,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":92.1741,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":77.9932,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.9932},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4,"moon_longitude":92.1741,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.1741},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":106.3549},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2012,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456045.770833,"ahargana":1867580.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0251,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.135648000000003,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":88.04704800000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.2115},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":130.577048,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":348.391548,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":25.264347999999984,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":54.608847999999966,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":180.98264800000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":226.6098,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":46.6098,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456045.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867580.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.1809,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":92.1741,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":77.9932,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.9932},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4,"moon_longitude":92.1741,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.1741},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":106.3549},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.212,"elongation":77.993},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.212,"opposition_distance":102.007}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:24","sunsetLocal":"18:27","solarNoonLocal":"11:56","dayLengthHours":13.046248719847714,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 02 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 57 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:05","moonsetLocal":"23:37","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:40","end":"10:18","startHours":8.665304984114407,"endHours":10.29608607409537,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:33","end":"15:11","startHours":13.557648254057298,"endHours":15.188429344038266,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:24","end":"07:02","startHours":5.403742804152478,"endHours":7.034523894133443,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:27","end":"08:53","startHours":8.447867505450278,"endHours":8.882742462778536,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:57","end":"06:18","startHours":5.947336500812799,"endHours":6.295236466675405,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:30","end":"12:22","startHours":11.49199220674808,"endHours":12.361742121404593,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:40","end":"04:32","startHours":3.66424297483945,"endHours":4.533992889495964,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:19","end":"05:24","startHours":4.316555410831835,"endHours":5.403742804152478,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:06","end":"14:58","startHours":14.101241950717622,"endHours":14.970991865374137,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:15","end":"18:39","startHours":18.249991524000194,"endHours":18.649991524000193,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:27","end":"19:00","startHours":18.449991524000193,"endHours":18.993585220660513,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:12","end":"19:57","startHours":18.199991524000193,"endHours":19.949991524000193,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:30","end":"00:22","startHours":23.491992206748076,"endHours":24.361742121404593,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:24","end":"07:02","startHours":5.403742804152478,"endHours":7.034523894133443,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:02","end":"08:40","startHours":7.034523894133443,"endHours":8.665304984114407,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:40","end":"10:18","startHours":8.665304984114407,"endHours":10.29608607409537,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:18","end":"11:56","startHours":10.29608607409537,"endHours":11.926867164076334,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:56","end":"13:33","startHours":11.926867164076334,"endHours":13.557648254057298,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:33","end":"15:11","startHours":13.557648254057298,"endHours":15.188429344038266,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:11","end":"16:49","startHours":15.188429344038266,"endHours":16.81921043401923,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:49","end":"18:27","startHours":16.81921043401923,"endHours":18.449991524000193,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:27","end":"19:49","startHours":18.449991524000193,"endHours":19.81921043401923,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:49","end":"21:11","startHours":19.81921043401923,"endHours":21.188429344038266,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:11","end":"22:33","startHours":21.188429344038266,"endHours":22.5576482540573,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:33","end":"23:56","startHours":22.5576482540573,"endHours":23.926867164076334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:56","end":"01:18","startHours":23.926867164076334,"endHours":25.29608607409537,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:18","end":"02:40","startHours":25.29608607409537,"endHours":26.665304984114407,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:40","end":"04:02","startHours":26.665304984114407,"endHours":28.034523894133443,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:02","end":"05:24","startHours":28.034523894133443,"endHours":29.40374280415248,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:24","end":"06:24","startHours":5.403742804152478,"endHours":6.403742804152478,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:24","end":"07:24","startHours":6.403742804152478,"endHours":7.403742804152478,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:24","end":"08:24","startHours":7.403742804152478,"endHours":8.403742804152479,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:24","end":"09:24","startHours":8.403742804152479,"endHours":9.403742804152479,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:24","end":"10:24","startHours":9.403742804152479,"endHours":10.403742804152479,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:24","end":"11:24","startHours":10.403742804152479,"endHours":11.403742804152479,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:24","end":"12:24","startHours":11.403742804152479,"endHours":12.403742804152479,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:24","end":"13:24","startHours":12.403742804152479,"endHours":13.403742804152479,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:24","end":"14:24","startHours":13.403742804152479,"endHours":14.403742804152479,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:24","end":"15:24","startHours":14.403742804152479,"endHours":15.403742804152479,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:24","end":"16:24","startHours":15.403742804152479,"endHours":16.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:24","end":"17:24","startHours":16.40374280415248,"endHours":17.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:24","end":"18:24","startHours":17.40374280415248,"endHours":18.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:24","end":"19:24","startHours":18.40374280415248,"endHours":19.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:24","end":"20:24","startHours":19.40374280415248,"endHours":20.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:24","end":"21:24","startHours":20.40374280415248,"endHours":21.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:24","end":"22:24","startHours":21.40374280415248,"endHours":22.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:24","end":"23:24","startHours":22.40374280415248,"endHours":23.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:24","end":"00:24","startHours":23.40374280415248,"endHours":24.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:24","end":"01:24","startHours":24.40374280415248,"endHours":25.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:24","end":"02:24","startHours":25.40374280415248,"endHours":26.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:24","end":"03:24","startHours":26.40374280415248,"endHours":27.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:24","end":"04:24","startHours":27.40374280415248,"endHours":28.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:24","end":"05:24","startHours":28.40374280415248,"endHours":29.40374280415248,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.225977913477125,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":24.0251}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2069,"vikram_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","saka_samvat":1934,"saka_samvatsara":"Nandana","bengali_samvat":1419,"malayalam_era":1188,"nanakshahi_year":543,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2069 Viśvāvasu · Śaka 1934 Nandana"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"ganga-saptami","name":"Gaṅgā Saptamī","name_sanskrit":"गङ्गा सप्तमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Devī Gaṅgā","significance":"Gaṅgā Devī's descent to Brahma-loka before her earth-descent.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":7,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2012 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2012 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 05:24, sūryāsta 18:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2012-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2012-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2012-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2012-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2012-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T12:01:51.972Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T12:01:51.972Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T12:01:51.972Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}