{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:varanasi:2002-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452639.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864174.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.0284,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":220.0358,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.0074,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0074},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":220.0358,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7025},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":115.0642},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452639.770833,"ahargana":1864174.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8949,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.28068200000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":218.528282,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.551},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":205.03898200000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":273.978782,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":112.97558200000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":208.788182,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":60.509882000000005,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":47.0761,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":227.0761,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452639.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864174.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.0284,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":220.0358,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.0074,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0074},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":220.0358,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7025},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":115.0642},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.551,"elongation":34.993},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.551,"opposition_distance":145.007}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-11,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.434,"opposition_distance":2.531}]},"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"varanasi","name":"Vārāṇasī (Kāśī)","lat":25.3176,"lon":82.9739,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"06:44","sunsetLocal":"17:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:01","dayLengthHours":10.582542680094624,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 34 Mins 57 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 25 Mins 03 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:13","moonsetLocal":"14:56","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:40","end":"15:59","startHours":14.668312918753744,"endHours":15.991130753765573,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:23","end":"10:42","startHours":9.377041578706432,"endHours":10.69985941371826,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:01","end":"13:21","startHours":12.022677248730087,"endHours":13.345495083741916,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:12","end":"09:33","startHours":9.200665867371521,"endHours":9.553417290041342,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:10","end":"07:27","startHours":7.172345187020052,"endHours":7.454546325155908,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:40","end":"12:23","startHours":11.669925826060268,"endHours":12.37542867139991,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:19","end":"06:02","startHours":5.320400218003493,"endHours":6.025903063343134,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:51","end":"06:44","startHours":5.849527352008224,"endHours":6.731405908682776,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:30","startHours":13.786434362079191,"endHours":14.491937207418832,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:07","end":"17:31","startHours":17.1139485887774,"endHours":17.5139485887774,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:19","end":"17:45","startHours":17.3139485887774,"endHours":17.754887867114675,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:04","end":"18:49","startHours":17.0639485887774,"endHours":18.8139485887774,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:40","end":"00:23","startHours":23.66992582606027,"endHours":24.375428671399913,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:44","end":"08:03","startHours":6.731405908682776,"endHours":8.054223743694603,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:03","end":"09:23","startHours":8.054223743694603,"endHours":9.377041578706432,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:23","end":"10:42","startHours":9.377041578706432,"endHours":10.69985941371826,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:42","end":"12:01","startHours":10.69985941371826,"endHours":12.022677248730087,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:01","end":"13:21","startHours":12.022677248730087,"endHours":13.345495083741916,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:21","end":"14:40","startHours":13.345495083741916,"endHours":14.668312918753744,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:40","end":"15:59","startHours":14.668312918753744,"endHours":15.991130753765573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:59","end":"17:19","startHours":15.991130753765573,"endHours":17.3139485887774,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:19","end":"18:59","startHours":17.3139485887774,"endHours":18.99113075376557,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:59","end":"20:40","startHours":18.99113075376557,"endHours":20.668312918753745,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:40","end":"22:21","startHours":20.668312918753745,"endHours":22.345495083741916,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:21","end":"00:01","startHours":22.345495083741916,"endHours":24.022677248730087,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:01","end":"01:42","startHours":24.022677248730087,"endHours":25.699859413718258,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:42","end":"03:23","startHours":25.699859413718258,"endHours":27.377041578706432,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:23","end":"05:03","startHours":27.377041578706432,"endHours":29.054223743694603,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:03","end":"06:44","startHours":29.054223743694603,"endHours":30.731405908682774,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:44","end":"07:44","startHours":6.731405908682776,"endHours":7.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:44","end":"08:44","startHours":7.731405908682776,"endHours":8.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:44","end":"09:44","startHours":8.731405908682776,"endHours":9.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:44","end":"10:44","startHours":9.731405908682776,"endHours":10.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:44","end":"11:44","startHours":10.731405908682776,"endHours":11.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:44","end":"12:44","startHours":11.731405908682776,"endHours":12.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:44","end":"13:44","startHours":12.731405908682776,"endHours":13.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:44","end":"14:44","startHours":13.731405908682776,"endHours":14.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:44","end":"15:44","startHours":14.731405908682776,"endHours":15.731405908682776,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:44","end":"16:44","startHours":15.731405908682776,"endHours":16.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:44","end":"17:44","startHours":16.731405908682774,"endHours":17.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:44","end":"18:44","startHours":17.731405908682774,"endHours":18.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:44","end":"19:44","startHours":18.731405908682774,"endHours":19.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:44","end":"20:44","startHours":19.731405908682774,"endHours":20.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:44","end":"21:44","startHours":20.731405908682774,"endHours":21.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:44","end":"22:44","startHours":21.731405908682774,"endHours":22.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:44","end":"23:44","startHours":22.731405908682774,"endHours":23.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:44","end":"00:44","startHours":23.731405908682774,"endHours":24.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:44","end":"01:44","startHours":24.731405908682774,"endHours":25.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:44","end":"02:44","startHours":25.731405908682774,"endHours":26.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:44","end":"03:44","startHours":26.731405908682774,"endHours":27.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:44","end":"04:44","startHours":27.731405908682774,"endHours":28.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:44","end":"05:44","startHours":28.731405908682774,"endHours":29.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:44","end":"06:44","startHours":29.731405908682774,"endHours":30.731405908682774,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.11906738150762,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.8949}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"varanasi"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2002 CE · Vārāṇasī (Kāśī) · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2002 CE for Vārāṇasī (Kāśī): Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:44, sūryāsta 17:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/varanasi/2002-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:35:49.833Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:35:49.833Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:35:49.833Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}